The genesis of solar coronal mass ejections CMEs is both an intellectually intriguing fundamental unsolved problem in plasma astrophysics and a societally relevant subject critical to space weather prediction and mitigation Understanding the preerup ID: 71688
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{4{2.Establishthethree-dimensionalmorphologyandorientationofthesecavitiesinordertoplaceerrorbarsonplasmadiagnostics(Fulleretal.2008).Wewillusesimultaneousobservationsatmultipleviewingangles(e.g.usingEarthandSTEREOspacecraftsolarlimbobservationsandon-diskradioobservations),andalsomonitorhowcavitiesvarywithtimeastheyrotatepastthelimb.Byassumingatunnel-typecavitymodel,wewillestablishcavitylength(e.g.longitudinalextent),cavityheightasafunctionofthislength,andcavityorientationrelativetothelineofsight(Wiiketal.1994).3.ObtaincavityIRcoronalmagnetometerobservations(Figure2(right)),whichwillbeavailablefromCoMPsynopticallybeginningSummer2008,andwhichwillprovideuniquenewinformationoncavitymagneticstructureandline-of-sight ows.4.SeekgoodexamplesofcaseswherecavitiesdirectlyeruptasCMEs.Wewilllookforevidenceforcavityevolutionimmediatelypriortoorduringeruption,includingrising(expanding)cavities,evidenceforreconnection,andevidenceforreformingoronlypartially-ejectedcavities(GibsonandFan2006a;Birnetal.2006;Tripathietal.2008)Modeling.Equallyimportantwillbetheapplicationofthesedatatomodels,toconstrainandmotivatetheirdevelopment(and,conversely,toidentifyobservationalholesbasedonwhatisneededtodistinguishbetweenmodels).Weplanto:1.DeterminepredictedobservablesforarangeofMHDmodels.Inparticular,wewillusemodel-predictedvectormagneticeld,density,temperature,andvelocityasinputstocalculateandgeneratepseudo-datatobedirectlycomparedtoobservations.2.Useobservationsoftherelativetemperatureanddensityofthecavityvs.thesur-roundingstreamer,thedegreeofcavityroundnessandboundarysharpness,andsub-structureswithinthecavitysuchashotcores(Hudsonetal.1999;HudsonandSchwenn2000).,asconstraintsonandmotivationsformodelsofcavityheating(Low1996;ZhangandLow2004;Fulleretal.2008;vanBallegooijenandCranmer2008).3.Studyhownon-equilibriumprocessesa ectcavitymagneticstructureandstability.Observationalevidenceforcurrentsheetformation,reconnection,and owsbothinquiescentanderuptingcavitieswillmotivatemodeldevelopment.Wewilladdressthequestionsofwhetherquiescentcavitymodelsoughttobesteady-stateratherthanstatic,andhowmagneticequilibriamayultimatelybelostinaCME. {6{REFERENCESAulanier,G.,andB.Schmieder(2002),Themagneticnatureofwideeuvlamentchannelsandtheirroleinthemassloadingofcmes,Astron.andAstrophys..,386,1106.Birn,J.T.,T.G.Forbes,andM.Hesse(2006),Stabilityanddynamicevolutionofthree-dimensional uxropes,Journ.Geophys.Res.,845,732.Chen,J.,C.Marque,V.A.,J.Krall,andP.W.Schuck(2006),The ux-ropescalingoftheaccelerationofcmesanderuptiveprominences,Astrophys.Journ.,649,452.Fan,Y.,andS.E.Gibson(2006),Onthenatureofthex-raybrightcoreinastablelamentchannel,Astrophys.Journ.Lett.,641,149.Forbes,T.G.(2000),Areviewonthegenesisofcoronalmassejections,Journ.Geophys.Res.,105,23,153.Forbes,T.G.,etal.(2006),Cmetheoryandmodels,SpaceScienceReviews,123,251.Fuller,J.,S.E.Gibson,G.deToma,andY.Fan(2008),Observingtheunobservable?modelingcoronalcavitydensity,Astrophys.Journ.Gibson,S.E.,andY.Fan(2006a),Thepartialexpulsionofamagnetic uxrope,Astrophys.Journ.Lett.,637,65.Gibson,S.E.,andY.Fan(2006b),Coronalprominencestructureanddynamics:Amagnetic uxropeinterpretation,Journ.Geophys.Res.,doi:10.1029/2006JA011871.Gibson,S.E.,andB.C.Low(1998),Atime-dependentthree-dimensionalmagnetohydro-dynamicmodelofthecoronalmassejection,Astrophys.Journ.,493,460.Gibson,S.E.,andB.C.Low(2000),Three-dimensionalandtwisted:Anmhdinterpretationofon-diskobservationalcharacteristicsofcoronalmassejections,Journ.Geophys.Res.,105,18,187.Gibson,S.E.,D.Foster,J.Burkepile,G.deToma,andS.A.(2006),Thecalmbeforethestorm:thelinkbetweenquiescentcavitiesandcmes,Astrophys.Journ.,641,590.Heinzel,P.,etal.(2008),Hinode,trace,sohoandground-basedobservationsofaquiescentprominence,Astrophys.Journ.Hudson,H.S.,andR.Schwenn(2000),Hotcoresincoronallamentcavities,Adv.SpaceRes.,25,1859. {9{Wiik,J.E.,B.Schmieder,andJ.C.Noens(1994),Coronalenvironmentofquiescentpromi-nences,SolarPhys.,149,51.Zhang,M.(2006),Helicityobservationofweakandstrongelds,Astrophys.Journ.Lett.,646,85.Zhang,M.,andB.C.Low(2003),Magnetic uxemergenceintothesolarcorona.iii.theroleofmagnetichelicityconservation,Astrophys.Journ.,584,479.Zhang,M.,andB.C.Low(2004),Magneticenergystorageinthetwohydromagnetictypesofsolarprominences,Astrophys.Journ.,600,1043.Zhang,M.,andB.C.Low(2005),Thehydromagneticnatureofsolarcoronalmassejections,Ann.Rev.ofAstron.andAstrophys.,43,103.Zhang,M.,N.Flyer,andB.C.Low(2006),Magneticeldconnementinthecorona:theroleofmagnetichelicityaccumulation,Astrophys.Journ.,644,575. ThispreprintwaspreparedwiththeAASLATEXmacrosv5.0.