From the South Balkans - PowerPoint Presentation

From the South Balkans Precursors of Shulaveri Shomu, R1b M269 and speaking a early Pre-PIE Language (for the lack of better word), inhabiting area around what is known as Iron Gates and southwestern of it. Ovcarovo Gorata in Romania should be an example. They start to experiment with agriculture, due to northern influences but also as south EEF approach. Land scarcely populated, 2000 years after Kotias Klide (CHG). In east with the chokh people and in western with Darkveti rock shelters . Interesting distinctions for CHG admixes in the future. Iran Neolithic people of palces such as Ganj Dareh in western Iran were settled in this side of the Zagros Mountains Other EEF farmers, linked to Barcin people, started to move into Thrace, Bulgaria and eventually Romania. They had many lessons and agriculture variety to add to Pre-Shulaveri Portfolio EEF farmers that earlier had jumped over Thrace were now pushing south as well into this Balkans zone, called Iron Gates, and even farther south, to form the horizon of Starcevo-Cris Neolithic and LBK farmers… Mesolithic Hunter gatherers in North Caucasus and Russian steppes (EHG). 6500 BC Several spurs of highly pastoral people from the Balkans into (better, trough) Anatolia had already occurred in the past. A good example might be found as far as Hogoshim in Israel in the 8th millennium. Agriculture was a late arrival to the Balkans. Initially agriculture jumped over Thrace and Balkans.

These newly mobile people are found mixing with Fikertepe , region that in turn already had elevated pastoral records when compared to Barcin culture for instance. Fikirtepe could very well represent a mixing area with the flow of people on the Black sea shores. Here they learned mudbrick architecture amongst many other things.(R1b-M269) A forest line, that might explain why agriculture leaped over this area and now was a route for influx of people from S outh Balkans into North Anatolia. By these dates Halaf is formed. As does Hassuna and Samarra settlements. Halaf is also still a mystery, since they do not come across as pure EEF type of people. There might be surprises in the future regarding this eclectic culture and I wouldn’t put it past me that they were also of Balkans origin and the ones responsible for the arrival of initial pastoral life style (much farther south) 6200 BC Black sea had lower shores so many remains of these movement of people is under water. Fikertepe , with spoons, bone and mudbrick is a transitional period. Climatic 8.2 Kiloyear dispersed communities. Overtaken by Farmers, WHG remained in Balkans albeit in very small numbers as seen by the abandonment of places such as Ostrovul Corbului, Schela Cladovei, Ovcarovo Gorata . Shores of Black Sea

Shulaveris Gora is settled Arknashen , Aratashen, Marsis blur is settledSouth of this mountains Halaf . There is a possibility they also came from Balkans and be somewhat related to SSC (R1b-V88?). Alternatively a representation of Anatolian Genetic admix into Iran Neolithic 6000 BC Birth of Shulaveri - ShomuThe rise of the Shulaveri. They occupy vacant land. Cattle and ovicaprids were Anatolian and not Zagros Iranic . Cereals were from the west. Settlements were erect on small hills, overseeing a river and at observation distance from one another. A central yard, round Mudbrick houses, cereal silos and bend walls surrounding the settlements. The huge settlements of Vinca Culture are being erected Iranic J2b herdsman. Progressively moving north to later meet the Shulaveri pastorals in places such as the North and south shores of Urmia lake, notably in Hajji Firuz Ubaid , Samarra and Hassuna from the south, in Iraq (J2a? J1a?). So, were they of the same stock as Halaf or completely different and same as Ubaid?

Shulaveris Gora, Gadrachilli gora, Arukhlo, Imeris gora, Khramis Didi gora, Shomu tepe, Mentesh tepe, Goytepe - the big settlements:URHEIMAT OF PIE AND L23 Lighter colour means transhumance or at least highly pastoral Shulaveri-Shomu. Their footprints are becoming each year more visible in Azerbaijan in particular. Their steppe like lifestyle will be visible as many newly found sites are excavated. Nothing coming out of those sites will surprise me. …are seen south closer to Karabakh region in a very pastoral node …Shulaveri as far south as living with Iran Neolithic herdsman in Hajji Firuz … Halaf becoming Ubaid Ubaid expanding ( snake people ) 5500 BC The PIE speakers and the playground of R1b-L23 The Shulaveri : Most diverse cereals (from Spelt to Millet); First ever Hydraulic structure (to diverge a river); Inventors of wine , Apicultures ; Copper awls, first draft animals (by skeleton deformations); First Plough ( made of Antler ); knew horses , Highly pastoral ; Long Blades ; Round architecture , Fanatic for beads ( copper and carnelian ), vast usage of Ochre; Dogs …PIE speakers, R1b-L23

The end of a cycle – Shulaveri are gone! What happened?! Did the serpents come (Ubaid)?Its still a mystery the sudden vanishing of the Shulaveri in the region. Who were they?! – they brought L1a Male Haplogroup and M Mtdna Haplogroups. X X X X Very light. Some must had already crossed to north Caucasus since later stages of 6th Millennium BC . This CHG is not the Iranian one 4900 BC The END OF Shulaveri : Suddenly all settlements were abandoned. With a layer of ashes in many of them. – The creation of the most prominent tale of IE language – The hero and the serpent (dragon). Next we see the Sioni culture with different Pottery, different architecture and settling by the river and not on the hills like they did . different life style. Nothing like them resurges. The future is of Leilatepe and Kura-Araxes almost a 1000 years later and Maykop not much later. ? ? - For sure, many residuals of Shulaveri stock of people must have stayed, dispersed, absorbed, or pushed to the mountains or scattered to the west. However they preserved the Language , hence 3000 years later we see Anatolian Languages as IE languages

Of Kubans and the Kumtepe Girl (Kum6) KUBANS - Very early stages of what would make the Meshoko, Zamok and Svobodnoe settlements. The early making of the Zakubanye culture or the KUBAN RIVER CULTURES. it’s the arrival of the Agriculture to North Caucasus.Refuges leave little footprints and therefore this is a time that archaeology has difficulties finding evidences.If some Khvalynsk was related to Shulaveri in 4300BC, it had broken away over 500 years before. 4700 BC I don’t yet really know if the KUMTEPE girl (Kum6) was a Shulaveri girl. But was admixed with Shulaveri (and showing CHG)- She is a genetic component that bridged to the second waive of EEF admix that is seen later in Europe. She is related to Klei10 , Pal7 in Greece and to the Iceman Otzi . Very early stages of the second phase of the Shulaveri - Shulaveri2Boian phase . Population arriving and making camps to survive. The END OF Shulaveri is the Dispersal of PIE : The divergence of the Shulaverian Hypothesis to the Armenian Hypothesis, apart from being very specific and focus on Shulaveri-Shomu, is that the latter assumes centrality of this time onwards at the formation of IE languages. Shulaverian Hypothesis postulates it was the END OF THE URHEIMAT OF PIE language and of the people that created it. Still the land of the Vasil'evka , Dereivka and Samara men. The slow brewing to cook the Ginchi , Sioni , Leilatepe to lead to the later formation of Kura-Araxes . Even Uruk , and even later Mesopotamian civilizations, all of those has its foundations somewhat in the forward Admix of these people

Shulaveri Shomu becoming … BOIAN CULTURE – There is a distinct possibility that they are the true heirs of the Shulaveri going to Bell Beakers . Was L51 (the one) born amongst them? Seen in very short lived settlements in places like TEL TSAF. this place is famous by its copper awl, associated with Aruklho copper of Shulaveri land, as well as obsidian from Armenia. MERIMDE BENI SALAMA- in 2016 was my bet to the Shulaveri2Bell beakers in Iberia so, Shulaveri going to Bell Beakers. They are by far the most intriguing stock of them all. They had many Shulaveri traits. They are my best bet to bedazzle the world when their aDna comes out. They are known as the arrival of agriculture to Egypt . MESHOKO, the fortified place is being attacked from the south . It’s the formation of what is clearly the first of two completely differentiated cultures in Meshoko . All it will remain later is the copper awls. 4600 BC PRICKED PEARL POTTERY CULTURE and yaseneva polyana . One can track Shulaveri and PIE going the Kuban river up to Samara river and the steppes of Ukraine. R1b-L23, Z210 (J2a and J2b Brothers?) The SHULAVERI arrived to steppe with mtDna H (H2,H15) , I and N1a and maybe U4. The Bad Guys- Here they are: G2, J2, J1 and L1 MEN and having mtDna of T1, HV and M . The re-birth! : Shulaveri are reborn as Boian (Bulgaria), as Khvalynsk man (Ukraine) and as Merimbe-beni-salama (Delta Nile Egypt). Every time a culture is disrupted, regresses and reshapes then adapted to the new environments. Fayum – again a remarkable pastoral place, like in Azerbaijan, where since 5500BC a pastoral way of live arrives. by 4500BC, After a period of no activity comes the resurge with people associated to Merimde .

The Murky waters… Boian/Gulmenita Culture - The Boian evolved into the Gulmenita culture, which also borrowed from the Vădastra culture. And a part of the Boian society moved to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, encountering the Hamangia culture where they merged to form the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture Merimde beni Salama, El Omari, Sais, etc. They are Shulaveri : Spelt cereals, diverse cereal, dogs, round architecture, silos, pig, cattle, donkeys are found with them. beads in carnelian, bone awls and needles, stones for sling shots. Brought love for beads in carnelian and not longer is found copper awls and grape pips. Morphologically were of a Long vault crania, tall and slender people not from the region. The Yamanya horizon starts to form. What is called the steppe component it’s a different thing 4000 BC The Steppe admix was not Yamnaya admix. It results of a long exchange between northern Balkans and Ukraine Steppes. The admix that fed into CWC might not ever been in Yamnaya land at all. From south, not from Shulaveri, came the Badari culture. They were the ones that lived near Merimde . Morphological not like Merimde , but over almost 400 years got many of Shulaveri traits. Maadi later was an hybrid of both and everything was overtaken by Naqada from the south that made per-dynastic Egypt Fates : Shulaveri people after Boian/Gulmenita ( Bulgaria/Romania) became lost in Pre-Cucuteni and engaging “cousins” from steppe, Hamangia culture and LBK. Merimbe-beni-salama ( Delta Egypt ) engage badari Culture from south. By 4000BC all Merimde sites were gone. Merimdians, like Shulaveri, moved on. Maikop , Kura-Araxes and Uruk followed– Nothing to do with PIE (contrast to Armenia Hypothesis) Armenian Hypothesis Starts…

Even Murkier waters… Krivodol-Salcuţa Culture - In the wake of all the admixing of the northwestern shores of Black sea this would be the ones still more Shulaverian. This is a dangerous spat of time, because Krivodal type of people (L51?) would be roaming scarcely all over northern shores of Mediterranean sea. PRE-GAC and PRE-CWC ensemble. There was also something below lurking 3700 BC From Gulmenita (Boian) to Varna, and Karanovo VI a streak of cold climate unseen in the previous 2000 years sees the abandonment of settlements and a return to open field, small tells and settlements. What really is Suvorovo and Cernovada cultures ? Do we really know if something else but local early 4th millennium stressed by 5.9 Kiloyear event population. Steppe ancestry (CHG+EHG) was already common in the region for a while without any relations to Yamnaya 5.9 Kiloyear: After climatic events (Kiloyear) records are difficult to make sense of. The same end for Merimde can also be seen as vanishing of the large settlements of Varna or the Shulaverian Gulmenita that had large settlements by these times. Neqada II Not much is left. Just Maadi to be engulfed. Culturally much from Shulaveri is left here. Sahara birth Previously referenced as the bovedean pastoral phase , running from the aeolian winds of Sahara whatever the dimentions they had it was destroyed by the Sands of Sahara. CWC 5.9K GAC 5.9 kiloyear event (3900BC) CTT

The centrality of Iberia for Bell Beakers It’s the proto-bell beaker environment. By these dates the ensuing formation of VNSP and Zambujal cultures, where oldest bell beakers are AMS dated, were also from a population laden with R2b-L23-L51. This area regretfully was a region intensively used for agriculture for millennia and is being difficult to find proper original bell beakers from 2800-2700BC or direct inhumations from VNSP or Zambujal. Yamnaya stood where it was born, for most part of it3200 BC The result of 1000 years of havoc, created by the 5.9 Kiloyear climatic event, made a mesh of several admixes that is what is going will be carrying what is called steppe component of several cultures. Chalcolithic Iberia: The arrival of a complete new stock of people, for the most part, with carinated pottery, level pressure blade making, round architectures, arrows, fortified settlements and CONFLICT.It came from north Africa for sure. Partly. However it can not be ruled out also coming from north Mediterranean hence, the conflict, that spawned for the following 500 Years. A myriad of fortified settlements protecting open air big settlements (>100HA) is the norm for this period. GAC CWC Yamnaya Was L51 here? Or there?

All the arrows of several Bell Beakers 2500 BC After the war: Bell beakers Leave Iberia without steppe by 2700BC. They could, or not, be of L51 stock or L151…or not at all - No Portugal Bell Beaker male has been sequenced thus far. They will arrive back by 2400BC and with steppe ancestry with them. Time will tell where was the original L51.Shulaverian Hypothesis is primarily about the people and traits the Delivered PIE and L23 oversized successful reproduction. - Either is proven correct or wrong. CWC 2800BC 2400BC