Zinc Structure amp Properties Zn Atomic number 30 5 Stable isotopes Zn 64 Zn 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Many radio isotopes Zn 65 Zn 72 Exists in oxidation states Zn Zn ID: 567456
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Slide1
Jessica Young
ZincSlide2
Structure & Properties
Zn
Atomic number: 30
5 Stable isotopesZn64, Zn66, Zn67, Zn68, Zn70Many radio isotopes Zn65, Zn72Exists in oxidation states Zn, Zn1+, Zn2+Also found in many compounds ZnO, ZnCl2, ZnS, and ZnSO4Relatively long half life (4.3 X 1018 years)Slide3
Uses & Applications
Oxidated
form (Zn
2+) occurs naturally in minerals in the earth’s crust (70 mg/kg) Anthropogenic sourcesSmelting used to protect against corrosionBatteries Brass & Bronze manufacturing Brakes and car exhaust found to be leading cause of zinc pollution in Sao Paulo, Brazil studySlide4
Uses & Applications
Applications of zinc compounds
Herbicides, medical and dental products, household items (makeup, shampoo, sunscreen)Slide5
Zinc in Aquatic Environments
How it gets there…
Industrial & urban runoff
Cations, zinc-inorganic coumpoudns, zinc-organic compoudsZinc ions have a low mobility in sediment and are readily taken up by plants and animals Bioconcentration factors estimated to be 1000 and 2000 for freshwater and marine fish, respectivelySlide6
Properties in water
As a
cation
, it is non soluble in water and is partitioned into sediment by adsorption onto organic moleculesOther common forms are much more solubleZnCl2 ZnSO4 Other solubility factors TemperaturepHMineral composition of waterSlide7
Necessity & Toxicity
Zinc is an essential micronutrient found in most foods; absorbed through gastrointestinal tract
Necessary for enzyme function
Miners exposed to acute high levels of zinc oxide in the air experienced respiratory problemsInterference with absorption of copper and ironEffects on cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systemsLow leves of HDL Stimulated production of amylase and lipase by pancreasOne incident of human fatality attributed to zinc overdoseSlide8
Zinc at the Colorado Lagoon
33.18 mg/ kg in site 5 sediment sample
35.19 mg/kg in site 8 clam
tissueCO Lagoon clams contains 16 mg/ pound Recommended Daily Allowance is 8-11 mg/ dayTolerable Upper Limit is 40 mg/ daySlide9
Detoxification
Metallothionine
(MT)
Cysteine rich proteins found in Golgi Found to play key role in uptake, regulation, and distribution of zinc in organismsZinc is efficiently regulated in mammals and excess zinc can be excreted via nephridial systemSlide10
References
EPA; 2005; Toxicological Review of Zinc and Compounds
http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0426tr.pdf
Gioia, S., Weiss, D., Coles, B., Arnold, T., Babinski, M.; 2008; Accurate and Precise Zinc Isotope Ratio Measurements in Urban Aerosols; Analytical Chemistry; v. 80 (24); p. 9776-9780 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac8019587Skidmore, J. F.; 1964; Toxicity of Zinc Compounds to Aquatic Animals, with Special Reference to Fish; The Quarterly Review of Biology; V. 39 (3); p. 227-248 http://www.jstor.org/stable/2820034 US Dept of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2005; Toxicological Profile for Zinc http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp60.pdfNational Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut; Sigel, Roland K. O.; Metallothionines and Related Chelators; Metal Ions in Life Sciences; v. 5; http://www.springer.com/chemistry/inorganic+chemistry/book/978-1-84755-899-2?detailsPage=reviews Zinc Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Reviewhttp://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/infobase/eisler/chr_26_zinc.pdf