Jack Ballantyne HIDS Rome 2018 Forensic Science Forensic sciences purpose is to help establish facts that may be in question the facts in question revolve around What Why When How Where and Who ID: 775758
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Slide1
Latest perspective on the use of DNA in forensics
Jack Ballantyne
HIDS, Rome, 2018
Slide2Forensic Science
Forensic science's purpose is to help establish facts that may be in question.
the facts in question revolve around What, Why, When, How, Where and Who
"Every contact leaves a trace" -
Locard
”..evidence that does not forget. Physical evidence cannot be wholly absent. Only its interpretation can err. Only human failure to find it, study it and understand it can diminish its value”-
Kirk
DNA is an information science
Slide3Forensic science Corollaries
An identification and comparison science
The job of forensic practitioners is to maximize the amount of information recoverable from informational macromolecules.
Technologies and methods are not ends in themselves but are merely tools that we use to do our jobs as forensic scientists (i.e. helping find solutions to problems).
Slide4quality
Error-free analysis
Timeliness
Completeness of Analysis
Information recall
Slide5Slide6Slide7Point of use Forensics
Rapid DNA
portable, scalable, reliable, compatible
CE for standard STRs
NGS for other markers (plus STRs)
Instantaneous or fast result (1 hour)
Crime scene, booking stations, crime lab, crime scene lab, borderland security, DVI investigations
Crime scene science
Screening, context
Increasing use by non-lab personnel or minimally trained lab technicians (plug and play and automated)
Slide8Challenging/environmentally compromised samples
Trace DNA
Smart single cell analysis
Cell free DNA
Extended interval post coital samples, other sexual assault evidence where F/M large
mtDNA
implementation in routine casework evidence types
Mixture de-convolution
Better allelic resolution, pre-separation of donors’ cells, software enhancements, machine learning
DNA recovery and extraction improvements
DNA repair?
Slide9Providing Context to the genetic analysis
Secondary and tertiary transfer
Mechanisms and inferring relevance
Indicative of activity that led to the DNA deposition
Body fluid ID (RNA, epigenetics, proteomics,
microbiomics
)
Association of DNA profile with body fluid or tissue
When was the stain deposited
macromolecular degradation, DNA/protein damage, Spectrophotometry?
Baysean
nets, ML?
Slide10intelligence tool
Biogeographical
/ethno- ancestry
External visible traits (‘genetic eyewitness’)
Eye, hair, skin color
Hair structure, hair loss
Height
Facial shape
Eyebrow and ear morphology, handedness/BMI
Surname inference (‘genetic calling card’)
Environmental influences on POI (e.g. metabolomics)
Behavioral characteristics of POI
Environmental exposure (medications, diet, smoker, antigens)
Psychological (extraversion, neuroticism, harm avoidance, novelty seeking etc.)
IQ
‘Geo-sourcing’
Ethical considerations
Slide11NGS/MPS
Transformative/game changer
Routine direct multiple ‘atomic level’ interrogation of relevant regions of the genome (human and non-human)
Common analysis platform permits co-analysis of different types of genetic markers relevant to forensics
autosomal STRs, Y-STRs, SNPs,
mtDNA
, RNA
Whole genome sequencing
identical twin differentiation
Slide12Expansion of DNA databases
Incorporation of more genetic markers and genetic marker types (identity but also phenotypic traits and age)
Routine use of familial searching
Used more widely
Standard use in criminal/missing person/DVI cases
as an additional
biometric
for immigration and human trafficking
Slide13Post Mortem GENOMICS
Cause and manner of death
Molecular autopsy
Biochemical changes to tissues, viscera, cells
CNS, respiratory, circulatory dysfunction
Tissue injury
PMI (metabolomics,
microbiomics
, DNA/protein/RNA degradation and/or damage)
Fear and alarm prior to death
Slide14acknowledgements
All those forensic scientists, whether in the public or private sector, in casework or research, and academicians who have helped forensic science, for their contributions to the development and growth of forensic genetics throughout the decades
the caravan moves on
Slide15Disclaimer
Speaker was provided travel and hotel support by
Thermo
Fisher Scientific for this presentation, but no remuneration
When used for purposes other than Human Identification or Paternity Testing the instruments and software modules cited are for Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Thermo
Fisher Scientific and its affiliates are not endorsing, recommending, or promoting any use or application of
Thermo
Fisher Scientific products presented by third parties during this seminar.
Information and materials presented or provided by third parties are provided as-is and without warranty of any kind, including regarding intellectual property rights and reported results.
Parties presenting images, text and material represent they have the rights
Slide16We shall never cease from exploration
And the end of all our exploring
Will be to arrive where we started
And know the place for the first time.
T. S. Eliot
Thank you for your
attention!