Dr Renee McKee Dr Mark Tucker Acculturation Orientations of 4H Adult Volunteers Toward Minorities Introduction Acculturation 4H Youth Development View of the host society Immigration A better understanding of the acculturation orientations of the host culture could be useful in the pr ID: 742663
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Slide1
Lindsay MyersDr. Levon EstersDr. Renee McKeeDr. Mark Tucker
Acculturation Orientations of 4-H Adult Volunteers Toward MinoritiesSlide2
Introduction
Acculturation
4-H Youth Development
View of the host society
Immigration
A better understanding of the acculturation orientations of the host culture could be useful in the prevention of relational outcomes from being
conflictual
and problematic to being more consensual and
harmonious
(
Bourhis
,
Moise
, Perreault & Senecal, 1997)
Focusing on youth development can overcome social issues (Rodriguez & Morrobel, 2004)
A host society has specific ideas about how they want to interact with immigrants and about how they want the immigrants to behave (Berry, 1990; LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993; Ward, 1996).
Widespread movement of people that inevitably brings groups into contact with one another
(Sam & Berry, 2010;
Zagefka
& Brown, 2002)Slide3
What is Acculturation?
Orientation
Characteristics
Integration
High Maintain
High Adopt
Assimilation
Low
Maintain
High AdoptMarginalization
Low MaintainLow Adopt
SeparationHigh Maintain
Low AdoptMaintain= maintain original cultural values
Adopt= adopt mainstream cultural valuesSlide4
4-H Youth DevelopmentLargest youth development organization
“Learn by doing” approach109 Land-grant universities in the Cooperative Extension System
Indiana
4-H Program
2012 Report
13,640 adult volunteers
2,063 organized 4-H clubs62,564 4-H membersSlide5
Literature ReviewSlide6
Purpose and Research QuestionsTo explore
the acculturation orientations of 4-H adult volunteers toward minorities
What
are the acculturation orientations of 4-H adult volunteers toward
minorities?
How
do 4-H adult volunteers’ desired choice of minority acculturation strategies compare to their perception of currently adopted acculturation strategies of minorities?
Are
there differences among 4-H adult volunteers’ acculturation orientations across each domain? Slide7
Conceptual Framework
Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM) (
Navas
et al., 2005)Slide8
Domains of RAEMSlide9
Participants
2,495 4-H adult volunteers with a valid email address in the database system
2 counties per Area
Total of 20 counties
Convenience Sample
4-H Educator currently employed
Both rural and urban/suburbanSlide10
InstrumentationOnline Questionnaire via
Qualtrics®
Adapted from Acculturation Scale
(
Navas
et al., 2005)67 items total
Demographics, 15 items5 point Likert
-type scale (Not at all, A little, Somewhat, Mostly, A lot)Field test was conducted in Tippecanoe County
Completed by 66 4-H adult volunteers (56%)Revisions were made based off feedback from field test participantsSlide11
Instrumentation
Domain
Items Measuring Each Domain
Work
Occupations
Work schedules
Language spoken in the workplace
Economic
Spending habits
Managing income
Social Relations
Friendships
Social networks maintained
Family Relations
Marital relationships
Relationships with their children
Religious Beliefs
Religious beliefs
Religious practices
Principles & Values
Principles and values
Ways of thinkingSlide12
Data CollectionSent via email from 4-H Educator to their volunteers
Modified
Dillman
Approach
(2007)
Total of 5 emails sent to the volunteers
1,253 4-H adult volunteers completed the questionnaire (50.2%)
1,197 questionnaires were utilized for the demographic analysis1,035 questionnaires were utilized for the RQ data analysis
36 questionnaires were eliminated based off of the self reported race and ethnicity being anything other than white, non-Hispanic Must have completed 1/3 of the itemsSlide13
Data Analysis
Research Question
Statistical Analysis
1. What are the acculturation orientations of 4-H adult volunteers toward minorities?
Means, Standard Deviations,
Frequencies, and Percentages
2. How do 4-H adult volunteers’ desired choice
of minority acculturation strategies compare to their perception of currently adopted acculturation strategies of minorities?
One Sample T-Test
3. Are there differences among 4-H adult volunteers’ acculturation orientations across each domain?
Frequencies and PercentagesSlide14
Data Analysis
Orientation
Characteristics
Integration
High Maintain
High Adopt
Assimilation
Low
Maintain
High Adopt
Marginalization
Low MaintainLow AdoptSeparation
High MaintainLow AdoptSlide15
Demographics of Participants
Category
Response
f
%
Gender
Male
353
29.5
Female
84470.5
Primary Role
4-H Club Leader522
43.84-H Project Leader
28624.04-H Resource Volunteer19416.34-H Council Representative12310.3
4-H Fair Association Member383.2State/National 4-H Committee Member5
.4Spokesperson/Advocate for 4-H231.9Gender
N
= 1197
Primary Role
N
= 1191Slide16
RQ1: Acculturation Orientations of 4-H Adult Volunteers
Orientation
f
%
Integration
370
44.5
Assimilation
21
2.5
Marginalization
84
10.1
Separation
19123.0Integration/Separation
526.3Separation/Marginalization
131.6Marginalization/Assimilation
18
2.2
Assimilation/Integration
10
1.2
Neutral
73
8.8
Total
N
832
Slide17
RQ 2: Differences Among Real and Ideal SituationsSlide18
RQ 2: Differences Among Real and Ideal SituationsSlide19
RQ 3: Differences Between DomainsSlide20
RQ 3: Differences Between DomainsSlide21Slide22Slide23
Post Hoc Factor Analysis & Reliability
Statistics
Real Situation
Ideal Situation
Maintain
Adopt
Maintain
Adopt
Factor
Factor
1
Factor 2
Factor 3
Factor 4
Factor 5Factor 6Factor 7Factor 8Number of Items85
8585103
Reliability.946.861.959.893
.961
.908
.975
.860
Variance Explained
60.54
10.637
65.842
10.560
68.592
10.908
73.093
9.706
Eigen Value
7.871
1.383
8.559
1.373
8.917
1.418
9.502
1.262
Loading Range
.674-.973
.610-.864
.687-1.032
.690-.883
.678-1.019
.623-.868
.643-1.043
.738-.861Slide24
Conclusion for Research Question 1Largest percentage of volunteers adopted the Integration
orientation44.5%
S
econd
largest percentage of volunteers adopted the Separation orientation
23.0%Slide25
Conclusion for Research Question 2Within the Real Situation, Integration was most commonly adopted in all domains except Economic
Within the Ideal Situation, Integration was most commonly preferred in all domainsSlide26
Conclusion for Research Question 3Real Situation
Family Relations (34.1%)Social Relations (32.9%)
Religious Beliefs (32.1%)
Work (32.0%)
Principles & Values (28.3%)
Economic (23.6%)
Ideal Situation
Family Relations (38.9%)Social Relations (34.9%)Principles & Values (34.5%)
Religious Beliefs (32.7%)Work (31.9%)Economic (29.9%)
Highest Integration Adoption FrequencySlide27
Implications for Theory and ResearchDifferences found among the Real and Ideal Situation support the importance of measuring acculturation orientations within the two areas.
Differences found among the 6 domains support the importance of measuring acculturation orientations within each domain.
The EFA indicated that 2 major factors were identified for each situation (i.e. Real & Ideal)
External Domains
Internal DomainsSlide28
Implications for Practice44.5% of volunteers
would be open and willing to work with youth and adults from diverse backgrounds. In the 4-H program, this may mean having one program that everyone, regardless of their cultural background, may participate in.
23.0% of volunteers who
adopted the Separation orientation would prefer that minorities have a separate program from the traditional 4-H program.
It is important that the host culture views members of the minority culture as
valuable
additions to the 4-H
programSlide29
Recommendations for Future ResearchThis
study focused on just the host majority perspectives. In order to predict outcomes that may occur from multi-group interactions, the minority perspective must also be taken into account. Future research should measure the acculturation orientations of minority group members.
Future
research should conduct a data analysis procedure to determine if a demographic variable correlates with the various acculturation orientations adopted by participants. Slide30
References Available upon requestAcculturation Orientations of 4-H Adult Volunteers Toward Minorities