How do Sociologists choose the participants for their research Starter Think Work independently for 2 minutes to write in as many key concepts into the worksheet as you can Pair Now work in a pair with the person sitting next to you for 2 minutes and help each other with any key conc ID: 565478
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Slide1
Sampling methods
How do Sociologists choose the participants for their research?Slide2
Starter
Think - Work independently for 2 minutes to write in as many key concepts into the worksheet as you can.
Pair
- Now, work in a pair with the person sitting next to you for 2 minutes and help each other with any key concepts you couldn't do on your own.
Share
– Finally, make a group of four by joining another pair sitting near you and help each other out with any remaining concepts you’re not sure about. You have 2 minutes.
Are there any key concepts you couldn’t complete at all?Slide3
Objectives
All to be able to define, with examples, the new key concepts (population
,
sample
,
representativeness
,
generalisation
and
sampling frame
).
Most
to be able to
identify and describe
at least two different
sampling methods
.
Some
to be able to
explain
the difference between a
representative
and
unrepresentative sampling method
.Slide4
Big picture
Work in pairs to read information about different types of sampling methods,
create and complete a grid
summarising different sampling methods.
Work
in pairs
to
apply the knowledge
of different sampling methods
to examples
of possible research by filling in a worksheet.
Work
in groups
to
carry out a sampling method
on a hypothetical research project. Slide5
Key concepts in Sociology – society, culture, subculture, norms and values, socialisation, social role and status
Types of data – primary, secondary, qualitative and quantitative data and reliability, validity and objectivity
Longitudinal studies
The research process – aims, hypothesis and pilot study, data analysis and evaluation
Ethical issues
How can Sociology influence social policy?
Sampling methods
Revision and End of unit assessment – mock exam
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
How is Sociology different to journalism, Psychology and Biology?
Secondary sources of data Slide6
Home learning
Complete the 4 questions from the worksheet into your book. Due date – Monday, 28/5/12. .
Use your exercise
book and
the Revision Guide to revise for the exam.Slide7
Sampling
Population – refers to all the members of the group the researcher is interested in researching.
Sample
– is a small group chosen from the population to take part in the study.
The purpose of selecting a sample is to make sure that those who take part in the research are
representative
or typical of the whole population.
This allows the researcher to make
generalisations
which are statements that can be applied to everyone in the population. Sampling frame – is a list of the population the researcher is interested in studying from which the sample is chosen.
Sampling methods – are different techniques used to select the sample from the sampling frame. Slide8
Research into working hours of GPs in
the Borough of Ealing
POPULATION
SAMPLING FRAME
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
A list of all the GPs in
the
Borough of Ealing
The method of choosing the x
number of GPs
X number of GPs from several different surgeries who will take part in the researchAll the GPs in the Borough of EalingSlide9
Task 1
Work in pairs.Read the handout on different types of sampling methods. Think of an appropriate way to summarise the information into your book through a grid. Draw the grid into your book and fill it in with relevant information. You may want to use a new landscape page.
You have 15 minutes.
Once you’ve completed this task, ask me for an extension – it is worth 10+ points for anyone who completes it correctly. Slide10
Possible idea for the grid
Sampling methods –
Probability or random -
Probability or random -
Simple random –
Systematic –
Stratified random sampling –
Cluster –
Snowball –
Quota – Slide11
Extension
What type of sampling method am I?Sampling frame: list of all English Literature classes in year 10.
Sample:
Yr10 English Lit students.
Sampling method:
picking every 10
th
student _____________
Sampling frame:
not available. Sample: post-16 students.Sampling method: 20 male and female from year 12 and 13. _____________
Sampling frame: list of all students at a school.Sample: individual students. Sampling method: picking 100 students entirely at random. _____________Quota Simple random Systematic Slide12
Sampling methods
Simple random sampling – includes randomly picking people from the sampling frame (‘drawing names from a hat’) and everyone on the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected. The difficulty with this type of sampling is that it may not be representative, e.g. you could pick more boys than girls.
Stratified random sampling
– this includes dividing the population into strata or layers according to gender or ethnicity, e.g. two lists, e.g. boys and girls’ lists, and then picking a random sample from both lists.
Systematic sampling
– involves choosing every 5
th
or 10
th
person from the sampling frame.
Quota sampling – the researcher is sent out with instructions to find people with certain characteristics, e.g. women over the age of 30. Snowball sampling – the researcher finds one person from the population who then introduces them to others like them.Probability or random sampling – used when there is a sampling frame Non-probability sampling – used when there is no sampling frame Slide13
Task 2Work in groups of 3-4.
You will be given a worksheet with several examples of research and assigned only one of them.Your task is to work as a team to complete the column on the research you are assigned by answering the questions about it. You have 5 minutes.
Be prepared to share your ideas with the class. Slide14
Arsenal
f
ans’ behaviour at a football match
University choices
of Yr13 boys and girls at
Lambeth
College
Reasons why young offenders at
Lambeth
committed shoplifting
Problems faced by teenager mothers in the Borough of
LambethA survey of old age pensioners in London
Parental expectations of Year 10 pupils Who is the population?
Would the sampling frame exist for this
population and what would it be?
Which sampling method would you
use to pick the sample and why?
Who would end up making
up your sample?
Would the sample be representative?
All Arsenal fans
No, there is no list of all Arsenal fans.
Quota sampling or snowball.
A small number of Arsenal fans.
All Yr13
Lambeth
College students
Yes, the College has a full list of all its students.
Stratified random sampling to get a variety of M/F and ethnic groups’ views
A good number of M, F and E/M students from Yr13
Feltham inmates who are there for shoplifting.
Yes, the prison will have a list of all the inmates and their crimes.
Simple random, there are only boys or stratified random if want E/M
A small group of shoplifters.
All teen mums in
Lambeth
Some could be on benefits list or through GP surgeries, but there wouldn’t be a full list.
Snowball
A small group of teen mums who mostly know each other
No, you could only get w/c or e/m fans of Arsenal.
Yes.
Yes if stratified, no if simple random.
No, you may only get Asian girls.
All old age pensioners in London
Yes, through Dept of Work and Pensions.
Simple random, systematic or stratified
Depends
may not be, yes, may not be
Depends
All parents of all Yr10 students
Yes, the school has a list of parents and contact details.
Simple random, systematic or stratified
Depends
Depends
may not be, yes, may not be Slide15
Task 3
Your turn to carry out a sampling method.Work in groups of 3-4.
You have to imagine you are a group of Sociologists and have come to
Lambeth Academy
to
carry out research. Your population are the Yr10 Sociology students.
The school has supplied you with the sampling frame – what is it?
Read the scenario and decide which sampling method is the most suitable for that research topic.
Carry out your chosen sampling method.
You have 10 min.
At the front of the class are scissors and highlighter pens which you may want to use. Slide16
PlenaryYou will each be given a piece of paper with an answers written on it, but there is no question.
I will read out a question, you have to listen carefully and raise your hand if you have the answer to my question. Read it out so the class can check you are right.