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Two-Party System in American History Two-Party System in American History

Two-Party System in American History - PowerPoint Presentation

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Two-Party System in American History - PPT Presentation

George Washington became president in 1789 His Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton His Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson These two men disagreed on many things Their differences would create the first political parties ID: 612085

democrats party election republicans party democrats republicans election republican won brought parties jefferson whigs nominated president era elected congress

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Slide1

Two-Party System in American HistorySlide2

George Washington became president in 1789

His Secretary of the Treasury was

Alexander HamiltonHis Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson These two men disagreed on many thingsTheir differences would create the “first” political parties

Nation’s First PartiesSlide3

Federalists

: (Hamilton)

Wanted stronger federal gov’tFavored industry and banking“loose” interpretation of the ConstitutionDemocratic-Republicans

: (Jefferson)

Wanted stronger state

gov’ts

.

Favored farming

“strict” interpretation of the Constitution

1828 – became Democratic PartySlide4

Election of 1796

:

Two parties clashedJohn Adams (Fed) v. Jefferson (DR) = Adams winElection of 1800:Two parties clashed againJohn Adams (Fed) v. Jefferson (DR) = Jefferson win

DR also won control of Congress

Federalists never returned to powerSlide5

Four

Major

ErasSlide6

Jefferson’s election

was beginning

of Democratic domination - lasted until Civil WarUnopposed until mid-1820’sThey split into factions (disagreements over slavery, tariff, 2

nd

Bank of US)

By 1828 a new party began to challenge the Democrats

They were called the

Whigs

Era of Democrats 1800-1860Slide7

Democrats were led by

Andrew Jackson

Three fundamental changes:1) voting rights for all white males2) huge increase in # of elected offices around US3) spread of the spoils systemWhigs led by

Henry Clay

and

Daniel Webster

Made up of bankers, merchants, industrialists

Opposed to

Jacksonian

democracy

Supported high tariff and 2

nd

Bank of USSlide8

Whigs were the other major party from the mid-1830’s thru 1850’s

Elected

two presidents: Harrison & Taylor1850’s - divisions in both parties led to splitsWhigs fell apart after Clay and Webster died

Democrats split into two groups – one supporting the North and one supporting the SouthSlide9

A new party arose from the former Whigs and fragmented Democrats – called the

Republicans

Founded in 1854Elected their first president in 1860 – Abraham LincolnRepublican Party became the only party in US history to make the jump from 3rd

party to major partySlide10

Civil War

began the second

era of one-party dominationSupported by business people, bankers, farmers, laborers and newly freed slavesDemocrats survived by holding on to the “Solid South

Only put 1 president in office before 1912: Grover Cleveland in 1884 and 1892

Era of Republicans 1860-1932Slide11

Election of 1896

: very important in development of two-party system

Small business owners, farmers, labor unions were unhappy with industry, railroads & monopoliesRepublicans nominated William McKinley (supporter of gold standard)Democrats nominated

William Jennings Bryan

(supporter of free silver

McKinley

wonSlide12

Election of 1912

: Republicans suffered a setback

Republicans nominated William Howard TaftDemocrats nominated Woodrow WilsonProgressive Party nominated Teddy Roosevelt

Many Republicans voted for Teddy and it allowed Wilson to win.

However, the Republicans won the next three elections – Harding, Coolidge, & HooverSlide13

Great Depression had a huge impact on American life and politics

Election of 1932

: FDR elected President, and Democrats back in power in CongressThis election also marked a change in people’s attitudes towards the role of gov’t in social and economic life

Democrats had new electoral base: southerners, small farmers, labor unions, and African Americans

The Return of the Democrats 1932-1958Slide14

FDR won three more terms and died

Truman finished his term and one of his own

1952 and 1956 elections put Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in officeBut then 1960 and 1964 brought Democrats JFK and LBJ to the presidencySlide15

1968

brought Republican

Richard Nixon to the presidencyHis resignation brought Republican Gerald Ford to the presidency.A bad economy and a pardon for Nixon helped Ford to lose to Democrat

Jimmy Carter

in 1976

A worse economy, the Iranian Hostage Crisis & ineffectiveness lost Carter his position to

Ronald Reagan

(Republican) in 1980

The Start of a New EraSlide16

Reagan won reelection in 1984 and Republican

George H.W. Bush

won in 19881992 brought a win for Democrat Bill Clinton as did 1996Then 2000 and 2004 brought another Republican to the White House – George W. Bush

2008 brought Democrat

Barak Obama

to the PresidencySlide17

In the years since Nixon’s election 1968, the nation has had a

divided government

Many times Republicans have been presidents, but Congress has been controlled by DemocratsWhen Clinton came into office, Congress was controlled by RepublicansIt is hard to get any issues solved when Congress is one party and the president is another