Prof Jim Rush 8 th Grade Literature October 2017 Trimester 3 This excerpt from Young Arthur tells the legend of how the lost heir to Britains throne discovered his identity Taken for safekeeping as a baby from his father King ID: 679949
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Slide1
Young Arthur
Medieval Legend Retold by Robert D. San Souci
Prof. Jim Rush8th Grade LiteratureOctober, 2017 / Trimester 3Slide2
This
excerpt from Young Arthur tells the legend of how the lost heir to Britain’s throne discovered his identity. Taken for safekeeping as a baby from his father, King
Uther, Arthur grows up ignorant of his royal lineage. On a trip to London with his foster family, Arthur pulls an enchanted sword from a stone—an act possible only for the true king of Britain. His destiny revealed, young Arthur is hailed as king.SummarySlide3
Always
a Fan
Robert D. San Souci
born 1946
One of the first books Robert D. San Souci ever read was a book about King Arthur, and he remembers being fascinated by dragons and knights. In addition to Young Arthur, San Souci has written three other books about the Arthurian legend: Young Guinevere, Young Lancelot, and Young Merlin. San Souci has also retold the tales and legends of groups ranging from the Alaska Natives to the native Australians.
Meet the AuthorSlide4
Background to the Legend
Pretenders and Kings
The Arthur legends paint a vivid picture of the intrigues of medieval life. In the Middle Ages, a king’s oldest son was considered the heir to his father’s throne. When the enemies of a king wished to take over his kingdom, they might try to kill his son.
Arthurian Legends and Merlin
In the Arthur legends, a magician named Merlin plays an important role. Legends often include unreal or magical people and relate events that could never happen in real life. Some legends also contain magical objects that confer special powers or privileges on their bearers.Slide5
Robin
Hood and Aladdin
Identify other legendary figures.
It
is a very old story, possibly based in history, about an inspiring figure.
Why are these figures admired?
Characteristics of Legend
In
the 1100s, Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote about Merlin, Arthur’s adviser. This wise and beloved wizard may have been based on a figure in Welsh history.
Find
the characteristics of legends evident in the Merlin story.Slide6
Use
chronological order and words such as later and next to summarize a movie.
1
as a baby
while
2
ultimately
3
Identify
the words that show chronological order.
Lancelot was kidnapped as a baby by the Lady of the Lake. While serving King Arthur, he became known for his bravery. His son, Galahad, ultimately found the Holy Grail.
Identify Chronological OrderSlide7
In medieval times, a knight (line 20) was a soldier who possessed weaponry and a horse—two signs that he had greater advantages than most people of his time. Often, a knight worked for a wealthy landowner. An aspiring knight might enter his master’s house as a child and become an apprentice, known as a page, while he trained for knighthood. Knights became associated with a code of values and ideals known as chivalry. These values included loyalty, courtesy,
honor
, and valor (bravery). Arthurian legend is one of the best-known sources of lore about knighthood and chivalry.Background: Knighthood and ChivalrySlide8
Today, the sovereign of the United Kingdom bestows honorary knighthood as an award for outstanding achievement. Among the Americans who have received this
honor
from Queen Elizabeth are film director Steven Spielberg, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and former mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani. An honorary knight is entitled to use the letters KBE after his name, for “Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.”Cultural Connection: Modern-day KnightsSlide9
Analyze Visuals: pg. 683
The young man looks
determined
; he has positioned himself carefully to pull out the sword.
The
young man looks
cautious
; his posture and facial expression suggest that he is not overly confident.
The young man looks
sensitive
and thoughtful; his face seems to reveal feelings of concern.
Examine
the main character in this illustration. What kind of personality do you think he might have?Slide10
To help you set a purpose for
reading
as you read Young Arthur, think about the relationship between Kay and Arthur and how it affected each of them.Read with a PurposeSlide11
Revisit the Big Question
Even
before Arthur was born, Merlin foretold that he would be a great king.
The
fact that Arthur’s future role could be known before he was born suggests that it is his destiny—what he was born to do.
Is there a job you were born to do?
In lines 5–7, what does Merlin say Arthur will do—and when does he say it?
How do Merlin’s words support the idea of destiny?Slide12
Queen
Igerna’s
death
Identify
the reason for
Uther’s
melancholy.
List
other reasons a person might feel that way.
death
of a loved one
loss
of a job
failure
in a major effort such as getting in to a certain college
Own the Word: melancholy
(n.) sadness;
depressionSlide13
A: Chronological Order: Lines 1-13
Uther
says that Arthur will be a great king.1
Arthur is born
2
Arthur’s
mother
dies.
3
Merlin
offers to take the baby for safekeeping.
4
What events have happened so far? Mark the events in order
on your
timeline.Slide14
The
prefix re- means to do again, as in reprint or refurnish.
Use reclaim in a sentence.
She
reclaimed her purse from the lost and found.
Own the Word: reclaim (v
.) to get back; recoverSlide15
1. Targeted Passage: Lines 11-31
This passage explains the context for the legend: the wizard Merlin seeks to protect baby Arthur, heir to the throne.
Why
does Merlin bring baby Arthur to Sir
Ector
and his lady
?
(lines
11–19)
What does he tell them?
(
lines
16–17
)
What
happens to
Uther
? (lines 22–23)
What
do the rebels want to do to
Uther’s
son? Why? (lines 30–31)
Merlin brings Arthur to Sir Ector to protect him from the traitors because Sir Ector lives far from the danger, and they have lost a child.
Merlin told them the that the baby’s name was Arthur and nothing else.
The traitors poisoned the well, and this killed
U|ther
and his men. Merlin was the only one that survived.
They want to kill baby Arthur to end King
Uther’s
line.Slide16
Practice
Develop Reading Fluency
Lines 11-36
To practice
in reading for accuracy in both dialogue and description,
demonstrate effective
reading skills by reading the lines aloud.
Voice the text by switching
between dialogue and description smoothly.
Pair up and read the selection by alternating paragraphs.
Correct Yourselves
Partners
should check for errors and provide insight. Slide17
Own the Words
Lines 37-48
taskmaster (n.): a person who sets tasks for others to do
flinching (n
.):
drawing back from difficulty or danger. From flinch v.
grievous (adj
.):
painful; serious
Note that
taskmaster
is a compound word which combines two smaller words.
Give
examples of a
taskmaster
.
p
arents
teachers
supervisors
If you’re going
to be hit by
something………
Antonyms
for
grievous
are
slight
and
minor
.
Use
grievous
and an
antonym
in a sentence.
She
suffered a
grievous
injury in the car accident, but his injuries were only
slight
.Slide18
Which of the characters you’ve met so far represent admirable characteristics and which represent undesirable ones?
Admirable or Undesirable
1
Actions
Traits
2
Answer
Discuss
the actions of various
characters,
noting how they treat
others.
Identify
words that describe their traits.
Admirable—Merlin
is wise and loyal
.
Undesirable—Kay
is vain and jealous.
4
3
B: Characteristics of LegendSlide19
Name
an area of modern life in which an upstart might gain power or fame.
upstart (adj.)
suddenly risen to wealth or power
m
usic
e
ntertainment
politics
Own the Word: upstartSlide20
Oral Fluency
Notice the words
broadsword
in line 54 and
sword
in line 56.
The letter
w
in each word is silent. In both words,
sw
is pronounced like
s
, as in
sore
.
gh
in
light
,
p
in
psychology
,
t
in
listen
,
n
in
hymn
,
b
in
bomb.
Note that many English spellings and pronunciations involve silent letters.
Provide
some examples
of words that contain silent letters in the pronunciation.Slide21
What phrase tells you when Merlin put the sword in the stone?
1
Mark the event on your timeline.
“One
Christmas
Eve……”
(line 52)
2
3
A: Chronological Order: Lines
52-57Slide22
What
happens when the knights and other people try to pull the sword from the stone?
Lines: 51-60
1
Answer
2
Destiny
3
Answer
4
The
people cannot pull the sword from the stone.
What does this suggest about the uniqueness of destiny?
This
suggests that personal destiny is unique; you cannot
fulfil
another person’s destiny, no matter how hard you try.
Revisit the Big Question: Is there a job you were born to do?Slide23
dismounted
(v.) to get down or off
Note that the prefix
dis
makes
dismount
the antonym of
mount
, just as in
discomfort
and
discharge
.
Use
dismount
in a sentence.
The
cowboy
dismounted
his horse.
Own the Word: dismounted
1
2
3
4Slide24
Only the true king with a good heart, courage, and honesty may draw the sword.
To go get Sir Kay’s sword and bring it back before Kay’s turn at the tournament.
On the way home , he finds a sword in a stone and pulls it out to give to Sir Kay.
What
test does Merlin create?
(lines 54–57)
What
errand does Sir
Ector
send Arthur to do?
(
lines
69–70
)
How does Arthur complete it?
(
lines
71–80
)
Why
is Arthur able to pull the sword from the stone?
(
lines 56–57)
This passage presents a turning point: Merlin has put a sword in a stone that only the true heir (Arthur) can remove.
2.
Targeted Passage: Lines
52-82
Because it is
Arthur’s destiny to be the true King of England. Only he can draw the sword.Slide25
D: Characteristics of Legend: Lines 83-85
Why does Kay tell Arthur to get away?
Kay
tells Arthur to get away because he wants people to think that he, Kay, is the rightful king of England, as written on the sword.Slide26
pommel (n.) a knob on the handle of a sword
Visual Vocabulary: PommelSlide27
Vocabulary: Idioms and Sayings
Use
the phrases to create original sentences:
“
everyone watched”
all
eyes turned toward (line 113)
brought
ruin upon (line 97)
“
caused trouble for”Slide28
Why does he return?
(
lines 95–100)This passage presents the climax: Kay tries to pass himself off as the heir, but Arthur’s identity as the true heir is revealed.3. Targeted Passage: Lines 92-120
Why
does Arthur ride away
?
(lines 92-94)
Arthur thought that he committed a crime, stole the sword of the king.
He didn’t want Sir Kay to suffer for a crime that he committed, thinking that he must exhibit the true qualities of knight.
Merlin tells Sir Kay to put the sword back in the stone and pull it out again.
Arthur easily pulls the sword from the stone a second time
, proving that he is the true King.
What
does Merlin tell Kay to do?
(
lines 109–110)
How
does Arthur prove his destiny?
(
lines 117–118)Slide29
A legend is a story handed down from the past about a specific person, usually someone of heroic stature.
What hero’s task does Arthur perform?
Like an epic, a legend may also feature a hero’s task, a trial in which the hero is tested against another warrior or monster.
Arthur
pulls the sword from the stone, making him the rightful king.
E: Characteristics of Legend: Lines 92-120Slide30
Own the Word: homage
1
Definition
homage (n.) a display of loyalty and respect
3
Create
a sentence using both words correctly.
2
In
this case, homage is a visible display of deference.
4
He
treated the leader with deference but didn’t think he needed to actually pay homage to him.
Practice
Example
AnswerSlide31
Kay
pays homage to Arthur; then many others in the crowd do the same.
Mark the final events of the story on your timeline.
After Sir
Ector
pays Arthur homage, who else does?
F:
Chronological Order: Lines
121-126Slide32
Read With a Purpose:
How did reading about Kay and Arthur’s relationship help you understand what each boy is like?
01
Answer:
Kay
appears jealous of Arthur; Arthur remains true to Kay even though he was not always treated kindly.
02
Critique:
Does it make the story better to have Arthur take the sword out of the stone without being aware of its significance? Explain.
03
Selection Wrap-up