PPT-Insights on mantle melting below Osorno Volcano (Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile)

September 2021 Geologica Belgica Tervuren Tonin Bechon ULG Melvyn Billon ULG Olivier Namur KUL Olivier Bolle ULG Paul Fugmann ULG Jacqueline Vander Auwera ULG. Chapter 5. Rigid Earth to Plate Tectonics. Learning Objectives. Know the different types of volcanoes and their associated features. Understand the relationship of the volcanoes to plate tectonics. Know what geographic regions are at risk from volcanoes. :. Hydrous Melting of upper mantle . perdotites. Modified after a . ppt. by Peter . Ulmer. (Blumone, Adamello, Italy). Garnet-peridotite in kimberlite. Topics. Mantle composition? How do we constrain them?. Volcanic Eruptions. 1. Why Volcanoes Erupt:. The F of expanding gas builds and pushes magma through the vent. 2. Major Factors in Eruptions:. a. The amount of trapped gas. CO. 2. and Sulfur. b. Silica Content. Vocabulary. Crater. – bowl-shaped formation at the top of a volcano. Caldera. – large crater formed by the collapse of a volcano during a violent eruption. Active Volcano. – . a volcano that has erupted in the past 10,000 years, may be currently erupting, and is expected to erupt again.. Matt Jackson . and . Bill . McDonot. Sr-Nd. isotope plot. Global OIB (ocean island basalts, hotspots) and MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt). We will model . Sr-Nd. isotopic evolution by crust-mantle differentiation.. Toba the super volcano is considered an unknown phenomenon of the world. It erupted around 74,000 years ago and nearly made the entire human population extinct. It has erupted explosively a number of times over the past 1.2 millions years on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.. More than 2,000 years ago, Pompeii was a busy Roman city near the sleeping volcano Mount Vesuvius. People did not see Vesuvius as much of a threat. Everything changed when Vesuvius suddenly erupted and buried the city in a deadly blanket of ash that was almost 20 ft. thick!. What is a volcano?. A volcano is a vent or 'chimney' that connects molten rock (magma) from within the Earth. ’. s crust to the Earth's surface. . The volcano includes the surrounding cone of erupted material. . subduction. zone?. Within . subduction. zones, relatively cold oceanic crust is . subducted. into hot mantle. Plates move faster than heat conduction can restore the original geothermal gradient resulting in regions of relatively low temperature (“LT”) at high pressure (“HP”).. 1. An opening in Earth’s crust through which molten rock, ash and gases erupt.. 2.Volcano: The landform that develops around the opening.. 3. A way for Earth to release heat energy from the interior due to radioactive decay.. IVATF/1-WP/20 - 2 -2. DISCUSSION 2.1 Funding of volcano observatories 2.1.1 The task force will note that the fifth meeting of the International Airways Volcano Watch Operations Group (IAVWOPSG) cal 6.2 The . melting associated with the addition of carbon dioxide (CO. 2. ) or water (H. 2. O) to rocks is referred to . as. pressure melting.. decompression melting.. addition . of . volatiles.. subduction . to September 22. 1. Wk. 2 Day 1. Before: Question of the Day. What 3 factors control the style of a volcanic . eruptions?. During: Notes. After: Exit Slip. 2. Three Types of Volcanoes. Shield. Cone. Composite. Monitoring Volcanic Activity. Signs of Volcanic Activity. Eruption history. Volcanic gas emission. Heat and hydrothermal activity. Earthquakes. Ground deformation – uplift and / or sinking . Monitoring.