RTA MMP Creative Research Methods Winter 2012 Gaudi Virtual Parking Lot If you should have questions that are either too time consuming theoretical ID: 796656
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Ryerson University Library and Archives RTA MMP Creative Research Methods Winter 2012 Gaudi
Slide2Virtual Parking LotIf you should have questions that areeither too time consuming, theoretical or technical in nature to be addressed in this introductory session, then e-mail your question to Jay Wolofsky jwolofsk@ryerson.ca… the answer to your question(s) will be Picasso shared with the group.
Slide3Session Objectives 1 Introduction/Raison d'être 2 Library ‘Research Styles’ 3 Information Sources I 3.1 RULA Web Page 4 Information Quality I 4.1 Boolean Logic Moore 4.2 Scholarly/Peer-Reviewed Journals 5 Information Sources II 5.1 Journal Databases 5.2 Digital Facilitators 5.3 Deep Web/ Federated Search Engines 5.4 Open Access 6 Information Quality II 6.1 Smart Searching: Cited Reference Searching 6.2 Journal Ranking 7 Clinic
Slide4Research QuestionsIn what ways does auto-ethnography Braque change the process in media research?What are the practical implications of Postmodern thought on media research?How does social media impact upon or interact with the “tissue of sociality”?
Slide5Library ‘Research Styles’ BraqueLibrary ‘research styles’ range from ‘traditional’ to ‘informal’Traditional: users need to become familiar with search strategies using specific databases to provide solutions to information- seeking problemsInformal: users enter words into a search box and allow the search engine to do most of the workThe empirical literature shows a definite trend towards the informal style
Slide6Library Research Spectrum Traditional ………………………… Informal
Slide7Information Sources I RULA Web Page
Slide8Boolean Logic 3D Representations of Combination, Intersection and Subtraction
Slide9Smart Searching Using Boolean Logic This technique was invented by George Boole (1815-1864)Boole’s work ultimately led to the application of binary mathematics to contemporary computer programmingEssentially is a form of linguistic algebra which allows combination, intersection,and subtraction of conceptsCritically important when searching journal databasesQuickly pinpoints relevant informationMinimises information overload
Slide10Smart Searching Using Boolean Logic Boolean MachineOperatorsAND NOTORWILDC*RD* AND TRUNATIO*NESTING
Slide11Scholarly Journals Van GoghDistinguishing Scholarly Journals
Slide12Peer-ReviewPeer review is the process of subjecting an author’s scholarly ms to the scrutiny of experts in the same field prior to publication in a journalSingle-blind peer review (norm) where the author’s identity is known to the reviewers, but for the reviewers’ Gaudiidentity to be hidden from the author (blinding allows free comment without fear of repercussions)Double-blind (most effective) peer review where the identities or the author and reviewers are hidden from each other, assuming that if the reviewers do not know the author or their institution, then they will focus on content, unaffected by conscious or even unconscious biasOpen peer review author’s and reviewers’ identities are knownto each other and optionally published ensuring transparency,i.e. higher quality reviewsPost publication (supplemental open peer review variant) where all readers are able to reviewand rate the ms on a numerical scale
Slide13Research DatabasesTraditionalNeed to knowWhich are themost relevantSyntaxStructure of the thesaurusLimits Modigliani
Slide14Digital Facilitators Informal Kandinsky Digital facilitators assist publishers in digitising their publications for the Internet Provide content management and end-user access for e-content from the world's leading publishers Host digital journal editions, conference proceedings and books HighWire Press, MetaPress, Scholar's Portal Journals
Slide15The Deep Web The Deep Web is the set of web-sites and their documents that cannot be accessed via standard crawler-type search engines, e.g. Google or Safari since each source has a unique method of access The Deep Web contains high quality information found in more specialised or remote corners of the Internet, e.g. journal databases
Slide16Federated Search Engines Informal Federated search engines execute simultaneous real time search of the Deep Web using sophisticated software “connectors”
The results are collated and presented back to the user in a unified format
Slide17Federated Search Engines Informal Dali One type, a ‘web spider variant’ crawls information from from as many databases as possible creating a giant uniform index, e.g. Google Scholar A more advanced type searches across each database’s own indexing AND crawls information, e.g., Biznar, Mednar, DeepDyve
Slide18Federated Search EnginesThere are 3 general types: The first type searches across each database using its own indexing DaliThe second type ‘web spider’ crawls information from as many databases as possible creating a giant uniform index, e.g. Google Scholar, OpenDOARThe third type searches across each database’s own indexing AND crawls information, e.g. Biznar, Mednar, DeepDyve …
Slide19Open AccessInformal GauginAlternative to the current scholarly publishing modelDigital information is made freely availableUsers may have a variety of permissions, including the right to copy, use, change, distribute or display the information, as long as the original author are citedDigital Commons@Ryerson, T-Space, OpenDOAR
Slide20Cited Reference Searching Cited Reference Network Visualisation
Slide21Cited Reference SearchingWho has cited (referred to) previously published works Find more recent articles which update earlier researchFind responses to an articleSee how influential an article or book has beenIdentify articles on the same topic as the original work
Slide22Cited Reference SearchingResearch databases that provide links to citing sources EscherAcademic Search PremierGoogle ScholarIEEE ScopusWeb of Science
Slide23Journal Ranking: A Very Brief OverviewEigenfactor Network Visualisation
Slide24Raison d'être Widely used in academia for the evaluation of journal’s quality Indicator of the status of a journal within its field Relative difficulty of being published in that journal and the associated prestige Consistent high-quality work which defines
their field
Modigliani
Lower ranked journals,
although peer-reviewed
,
may have a higher acceptance rate and contribute
less to their field as a whole
Slide25Scaffolding JR is a sub-set of bibliometrics (biblio: books, information; metric: measure) which is a sub-discipline of information science Pareto Principle (Vilfredo Pareto, 1848-1923) “80/20” rule 20% of journals account for 80% of use Zipf’s Law (George Kingsley Zipf, 1902-1950) disproportionate distributions of use popularity Lotka’s Law/Long Tail (Alfred James Lotka, 1880-1949) most authors contribute few articles Modigliani Bradford’s Law (Samuel C. Bradford, 1878-1948) similar to Pareto’s, Zipf’s and Lotka’s distributions
Slide26Journals may be grouped into a core of relevance and successive rings of lesser relevance for any subject or disciplineDaliSimply put: A small number of core journals have the greatest concentration of relevant articles
Slide27Qualitative Journal Ranking Using expert opinion Lipchitz
Slide28Qualitative Journal RankingTier A World-wide distribution and readershipVirtually all papers are of a very high qualityContributions are scientifically and methodologicallymost fastidious and innovativeAcceptance rates are typically very lowHigh competition Bacon Stringent criteria used for selection of editorial board Double blind peer review process
Slide29Qualitative Jounal Ranking Tier B Supraregional distributionContributions are scientificaly and methodologically sound BraqueSubmissions from a supraregional realm BraqueFrequently important outlets for the work of PhD students and early career researchers Relatively high acceptance rates Criteria used for selection of editorial boardUsually single blind peer reviewed process
Slide30Qualitative Journal RankingTier CMinimally national distributionPractitioners rank amongst the core target groupLess stringent criteria used for selection of editorial boardUsually single blind peer review process Picasso
Slide31Quantitative Journal RankingVan Gogh
Slide32Citation MetricsStatistics gathered on the number of times a journal article has been cited by other journal articles BaconUsed to assess the quality of a journalThe assumption is that if a journal is frequently cited, then it must be publishing important, high quality or ground breaking research
Slide33Citation MetricsSelected MethodsAge-Weighted (AWCR, AWCRpa, AW)AR-indexEgghe’s g-IndexEigenfactorEssential Science Indicators (ESI)Hirsch’s h-Index Contemporary h-Index e-index Egghe’s g-Index Generalised h-index Individual h-Index hl-index, hl-norm, hm-index
Humanities Journal Rankings (ESF)
JCR Impact Factor
Journal
Ranking.com
(Red Jasper)
Publish or Perish
SciMago
Dali
Science Gateway
Source
Normalised
Impact per Paper (SNIP)
Zhang’s E-Index
Slide34Journal Impact Factor MooreSeeks to measure the influence a journal has in its fieldMore specifically, it measures how often scholars and researchers have cited articles in a particularjournal in the most recent 2 (or 5) yearsSimply put, the higher the number, the better the journal's impact factorThe better the journal's impact factor, the more influence it is presumed to have in its field
Slide35Eigenfactor Moore Scholarly literature forms a vast network of academic papers connected to one another by citations in bibliographies and footnotes The structure of this network reflects millions of decisions by individual researchers and scholars about which papers are important and relevant to their own work Within the structure of this network is a wealth of information about the relative influence of individual journals, and also about the patterns of relations among academic disciplines
Slide36Eigenfactor GaudiThe Eigenfactor™ algorithm corresponds to research model in which researchers follow chains of citations as they move from journal to journalA researcher selects a journal article at random and after reading the article, randomly selects a citation from that article, and reads it … n!