Etiology What is etiology of dental caries Microorganisms microorganisms present on the tooth surface like Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacillus cause dental plaque Tooth a morphological variation B composition C position ID: 1041742
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1. Dental caries
2. dental caries is defined as a microbiological disease of the hard structure of teeth, exposed in oral cavity that results in localized demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substances of the tooth, beginning on the external surface.EtiologyWhat is etiology of dental caries?
3. Microorganisms: microorganisms present, on the tooth surface like Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacillus cause dental plaque.Tooth: a. morphological variation. B. composition. C. position.Environmental factors: a. saliva: 1. Composition. 2. Quantity. 3. PH viscosity. 4. Antibacterial factors like enzymes. b. diet: carbohydrate content-Presence of refined cariogenic carbohydrate particles on the tooth surface. vitamin content. fluoride content. time period.Local factors affecting the incidence of caries:
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5. Pits and fissures cariesSmooth enamel surface cariesRoot surface cariesCervical cariesGive clinical classification of dental caries?
6. Acute dental cariesRampant cariesChronic dental cariesArrested cariesThe rapidity of the caries progress, it is classified as follows:
7. Primary cariesSecondary or recurrent cariesWhether caries attacks previously intact surface or margin of restoration, it is classified as follows:
8. Smooth surface cariesPit and fissure cariesZone in caries lesions:Zone 1: translucent zoneZone 2: dark zoneZone 3: body of lesionZone 4: surface zoneWhat is caries of enamel?
9. Changes in early dentinal cariesChanges in advanced dentinal cariesZones of dentinal caries:Zone 1: normal dentinZone 2: sub transparent dentinZone 3: zone of dentinal sclerosis (transparent dentin)Zone 4: turbid dentinZone 5: decomposed dentinWhat is caries of dentin?
10. Infected dentine:It is a superficial layer.Demineralized dentine.Can't be remineralized with irregularly scattered crystals.Collagen fibers are broken down; appear as only indistinct cross bands.It can be stainedDifference between infected and affected dentine
11. It is a deeper layer.Intermediate demineralized dentine.Can be remineralized.It is sensitive.In this intertubular layer is only partly demineralized.It cannot be stained with any solution.Affected dentine
12. Visual inspection methodsSpecial illumination techniquesFiber optic Trans illumination (FOTI)4. Detection of carious enamel by dyes5. Endoscope technique6. Tactile method7. Radiographic methods:Intraoral periapical radiographs.Bitewing radiographsXeroradiographyDigital imaging. (Direct digital imaging)What are different methods of caries diagnosis?
13. Chemical method:Fluoride: fluoride alters the tooth surface or/and tooth structure to increase resistance to demineralization and prevent dental caries. Fluorides are used in the following forms:a- Fluoridation of water supplies. b- Topical application of fluoride: i. Sodium fluoride (NaF) ii. Stannous fluoride (SnF2) iii. Acidulated fluoride-phosphate. iv. Prophylactic paste. v. Fluoride dentifrices. vi. Fluoride mouthwashes or rinses.Chlorhexidine.Caries vaccine.What are different ways for caries prevention?
14. Dietary methodMechanical methods:Tooth brushing.Dental floss.Mouth rinsing.Pit and fissure sealants.
15. Indications:Deep carious lesion near the pulp tissue but not involving it.No mobility of tooth.No history of spontaneous toothache.No tenderness to percussion.No radiographic evidence of pulp pathology.No root resorption or radicular disease should be present radiographically.Indirect pulp capping:
16. Contraindications:Presence of pulp exposure.Radiographic evidence of pulp pathology.History of spontaneous toothache.Tooth sensitive to percussion.Mobility present.Root resorption or radicular disease is present radiography.Materials used:Zinc oxide eugenol.Calcium hydroxide.
17. Indications:Small mechanical exposure of pulp during:Cavity preparation.Traumatic injury.No or minimal bleeding at the exposure site.Contraindications:Wide pulp exposure.Radiographic evidence of pulp pathology.History of spontaneous pain.Presence of bleeding at exposure site.Direct pulp capping:
18. The materials used for pulp protection:Cavity varnish.Cavity liners.Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).Zinc oxide-Eugenol.Zinc phosphate cement.Polycarboxylate cement.Glass ionomer cement. Materials used for pulp protection