NOAA Ronald Johnson Marine Aquaculture Program Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Seattle WA USA World Fisheries Capture vs Aquaculture Rising demand for fishmeal World demand for seafood is increasing ID: 1044963
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1. Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)Ronald JohnsonMarine Aquaculture ProgramNorthwest Fisheries Science CenterNOAA FisheriesSeattle, WA, USA
2. World Fisheries -Capture vs. Aquaculture
3. Rising demand for fishmealWorld demand for seafood is increasing.Aquaculture can meet demand.Worldwide aquaculture use- 2008*Fish meal, 3.7 mmt, 61% of world supplyFish oil, 0.7 mmt, 74% of world supply*Source: Tacon A G J, Hasan M R, Metian M (2011) Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans: trends and prospects. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 564. Rome, FAO. 87pp.
4. Rising cost of fishmeal
5. GoalsAlternative feed ingredientscost effectivemaintain fish growthMaintain human health benefitsLow environmental impactNOAA/ USDA Alternative Feeds Initiative
6. Triple Bottom Line Approach
7. Fishmeal vs. soybean meal prices
8. Change is already taking placeTorrissen et. al. 2011
9. Plant proteins and oils-advantagesEconomicLow costBiotechnology can keep costs down and improve nutrient compositionLargest quantity of proteins and oils EnvironmentalLow trophic level; primary producersCo-product provides use of waste material for another industry (e.g., starch)Sequesters CO2 on the earthHuman healthPhyto-chemicals
10. Plant proteins and oils-disadvantagesEconomicalNutritionally incompleteHighly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs)Amino acids and dipeptidesMet, Lys, TauAnti-nutritional factorsHigh in carbohydratesEnvironmentalIssues associated with increased agricultureHuman HealthNaturally low in n-3HUFAs
11. Byproducts of ethanol production -advantagesEconomicLow costUse of carbohydrate fraction for ethanol production may increase availability of the protein and bring costs downEnvironmentalCo-product provides use of waste material from another industrySequesters CO2Human healthPhyto-chemicals
12. Byproducts of ethanol production -disadvantagesEconomicalNutritionally incompleteQuality of protein sometimes low due to ethanol production processLipid competes with biodieselEnvironmentalIssues associated with increased agricultureHuman healthMay have contamination loads from farming practices or processing for fuelsNaturally low in n-3 HUFAs
13. Animal byproducts -advantagesEconomicWell utilized by a variety of fish speciesMeals are often similar to fishmeal in nutrient composition Increases revenue to animal processingLower cost?EnvironmentalRecycles animal processing wastes back to fishHuman healthMay be a source of CLA
14. Animal byproducts -disadvantagesEconomicalPublic concerns over BSE have resulted in restrictions on use in feedsEnvironmentalIssues associated with animal productionHuman healthSome markets do not allow terrestrial animal proteinsBSE issue is unclearLow in n-3 HUFAs and high in saturated fats
15. Fish byproducts -advantagesEconomicHigh palatabilityEasy to replace fish meal and oil with high quality mealEnvironmentalUses waste which is now discardedReduces nutrient pollutionHuman healthHigh in n-3 HUFAs and other nutrients
16. Fish byproducts-disadvantagesEconomicalExpensive to capture fishLocated in small quantities from diverse sourcesHighly perishable until driedEnvironmentalNo serious issuesHuman healthMay have the same contaminants as conventional fish meal and oil
17. Other potential alternativesAlgae productsKrillInsect productsSingle cell proteinMarine invertebratesInvasive fish species
18. Northwest Fisheries Science Center Seattle, WA, USA
19. Fisheries byproduct research at NWFSC
20. Fisheries byproduct research at NWFSCWhitefish mealPollock bone mealSalmon processingHead mealFrame and trim meal
21. Northwest Fisheries Science Center Manchester, WA, USA
22. Going forward-Alternative feeds research at NWFSCFishmeal replacement Fisheries byproducts meals Plant mealsTaurine Pollock bone mealFish oil replacementViscera oilsSpecialty oilsFinishing feeds Pacific salmonPre-harvest feeds intervals
23. Thank you