181 Quiz On which continent did the Industrial Revolution start What did Gandhi think about industrialization List one reason your ol boy Strayer said the Industrial Revolution started where it did ID: 655021
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Slide1
18.1 IR Intro
Strayer 825-832Slide2
18.1 Quiz
On which continent did the Industrial Revolution start?
What did Gandhi think about industrialization?
List one reason your
ol
’ boy
Strayer
said the Industrial
Revolution started where it did. Slide3
Opening
Gandhi didn’t like industrializationThought it was exploitation Echoed later by people like Marx
Everyone else embraced it Slide4
IND REV made EUR modern (1750-1900)
Took from SCI REVChanged EUR society
Made EUR dominant in world
Most important change since AG REVSlide5
Explaining the Industrial Revolution
Tech drives itNew energy sources (gas, steam engines)50X production growth
Before 1750, Eurasia is tech equal
Steam engine
changes
that
Starts in ENG, then to West EUR and US
Global by 20
th
centurySlide6
Why Europe?
Older idea: something unique about EURThings that challenge that:Other worlds had tech flourish
Islam, India (cotton), CHN
All slowed down in modern era
EUR didn’t have econ advantage in 1750
Life expectancy, food, living patterns same in Eurasia
Other places got EUR’s tech pretty fast and stayed the
same
Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia Slide7
Why Europe?
Competing statesRulers friends w/ merchants or merchants are rulers (Holland, Venice)Varied network of tradeContact w/ other cultures
Asia (spices), IND (cotton) US (silver, raw materials)Slide8Slide9
Why England?
Most commercialized (farms crushed)Tons of industrial workers
Rich
ppl
to pay for it
Could go worldwide (navy)Slide10
Why England?
Political life welcomed innovationReligious toleration (skilled outsiders)Unions defeated
Good roads/canals
Patents
Kings’ power checked, private business can growSlide11
Why England?
SCI REV huge in ENGInventors/artisans work closelyBritish Royal Society (philosophers) promoted “useful knowledge” – mechanic’s libraries
Tons of coal and iron ore
No Nappy problem (Napoleon)
No social rev needed to change stuffSlide12
18.2 Society in IR
Strayer 832839Slide13
18.2 Quiz
From the graph: By 1850, which country had the most railroad tracks?
How did living conditions change for the working poor during the Industrial Revolution?
Who was the founder
of Socialism/Communism?Slide14
Output grows
Railroads, mining, factoriesLess agDaily life changesSlide15
Changes to Society
Changes for AristocracyNew ppl became rich (businessmen, bankers)
Less influence in
gov
(taxes for all)
Changes for Middle Class
Most gains from IND REV
Became liberal, hard work, morals
Smiles – Self Help – You’re in charge of your destiny (HUGE NEW IDEA!)
Women – moral center, start shopping, “idea of domesticity” Slide16
Changes to Society
Changes for Lower Middle ClassService workers (clerks, secretaries)20% of ENG
Men and women
Mostly single, would marry up later
Changes for Laboring Class
70% of ENG
Benefit least
Urbanization makes crappy urban places
Disease, crowds, sanitary problems
Factories are bad
Long hours, low pay, child laborSlide17
Social Protests
Social Protests in Laboring classesSome workers would sabotage
Unions start in 1824Slide18
Socialism spreads (MARX)
Human history is class struggleBourgeoisie (middle) fight w/ proletariat (lower)
Capitalism can’t help poverty
Communist age where workers run factoriesSlide19
Early Socialism
Soc big in GER (middle class intellectuals)ENG working class movement is more moderate (No workers’ rev)
Things improved
Wages, cheap food, poor could vote, sanitary reform
By 1900, ENG was in economic declineSlide20Slide21Slide22Slide23
18.3 IR in US and RUS
Strayer 840-846Slide24
18.3 Quiz
In what region of of the US did industrialization start?
Give one reason why Marxism (socialism)
didn
’
t take root in the US.
List one factor or person who led to the modernization of Russia. Slide25
Similar outcomes of IR Worldwide
Rich richer, poor poorerMiddle class women no paid labor after marriage
Unions, socialism
start
Factors impacted industrialization in each
Timing, what they produce, role of state, social conflict
FR was slow growth
GER had huge companies, led to more
Marxism
US/RUS was a big differenceSlide26
US: IND w/o SOC
Begins in NE textiles at REVBooms after Civil War
Copy of EUR IND
Gov
helped out w/ taxes, grants, railroads
Leads to huge corporations (Ford, Carnegie, Rockefeller)
Culture of
consumptions
(ads, stores)Slide27
US
Social divisionsRich/poor, slums, Protests (But socialism never caught on, no group to rep poor)Why?
US unions were conservative, mostly skilled
ppl
in unions
US workers had better living
condtions
than EUR
Wanted to become white collarSlide28
US
Populists fought corporate societyJust in farm areas, not industrial – fizzles outProgressives tried to fix industrializationLumped in w/ socialists, T Roosevelt and Wilson were progressives
Socialism is un-American!Slide29
RUS: IND w/ REV
Absolute monarchy – most control in West
State brings change, not society
Peter the Great (Poser)
New education system, army, dress like West, St. Petersburg (Window to the West)
Catherine the Great – continues Peter’s ideas
Frees the serfs after losing the Crimean War
To make industrial and better!Slide30Slide31
RUS
Russian IND REV 1890sRailroads, heavy industry in a handful of citiesMiddle class wanted more of a say, but depended on state to control lower classWorking class (5%) strike to fix conditions
Marxism for educated Russians
Social democratic Labor PartySlide32
Fall of Russian Czars
1905 RUS beat by JPN – huge strikes in Moscow and St. PeteCreate soviets or unionsMilitary mutiny (March Revolution) on Czar Nicholas II
Forced to create legislature (Duma), allow soviets, give a constitution
WWI getting
pwnd
leads to Russian Revolution
Rasputin, CNII
Lenin – radical socialist in control Slide33
18.4 IR in LA
and ConclusionStrayer
846-854Slide34
18.4 Quiz
In the conclusion, Strayer
said we should be careful not to view history as a ___________.
What was one way Latin America was becoming more like Europe?
From the table: Describe the trend in the manufacturing output of Europe as compared to the rest of
the world between 1750 to 1900. Slide35
The Industrial Revolution in Latin American in the 1800s
JPN is only other than US and EUR to really industrializeEverywhere else was tiny,
soc
stays the
same
LA struggled to become industrial Slide36
Latin America
To get independent was hard4 colonies become 18 countriesMEX at war w/ USGovs are unstable
Cons and Libs fighting
Caudillos (Strong leaders) took over
Countries go through many constitutionsSlide37Slide38
Latin America
Changes through independenceSlavery gone, creoles in control still, small middle class1850s on, becomes more stableImport, export
EUR, US invest in LASlide39Slide40
LA Becoming like EUR?
Pop rises, urban lifestyleFew benefit from export boom90% still lower classUnions are stomped out
Poor stay ruralSlide41
Mexico
MEX is only with nationwide REVOverthrow Diaz 1910, 1920New ConstitutionSuffrage, church/state, min wage, 8 hour daysSlide42Slide43
Export boom didn’t bring Industrial Revolution
No internal marketRich didn’t investFree trade favors cheaper imported goods to the pplSlide44
Dependent on EUR and US
Banana Republics – forced to be up to par for US businessUS military involvement Slide45
18.5 Very Communist Docs
Strayer
855-865Slide46
18.5 Quiz
In the conclusion, Slide47
Marxism Intro
Why Marxism mattered:Criticized industrialization and capitalismInequality, instability, materialism, exploitation
Argued that modern technology could lead to equality and prosperity w/o competition and exploitation
Characterized the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
Led to massive Marxist revolutions and regimes in the twentieth century Slide48
The Communist Manifesto – Marx and Engels - 1848
All of history the rich and poor have been at warPatrician/plebian, lord/serf, oppressor/oppressed
Outcome = revolution or ruin of the oppressed
The feudal system had a religious slant, modern industry is just about exploitation
A need for a market to sell to has made us take over the world
Makes the whole world look like them
The bourgeoisie has made the weapons that will kill it and created the people that will kill it (the proletariat)Slide49
The Communist Manifesto – Marx and Engels - 1848
Workers sell themselves (their time) to the bourgeoisie
He becomes the machine
Revolution and defeat of the bourgeoisie are inevitable
Proletariat will take over and
…
Take public ownership of land and wealth
Stop inheritance
Heavy taxes on income
”Forced labor”
Free education and no child labor Slide50
Evolutionary Socialism - Eduard Bernstein - 1899
“Revisionist Socialism” - wanted socialism without violence Overthrow would be hard b/c many are becoming rich
We should instead use the government and democracy to increase the power and rights of the proletariat Slide51
The German Socialist Women’s Movement – Clara
Zetkin - 1909“The woman question”
Are women subjugated b/c of capitalism or b/c of culture in general?
Should coms include women in their fight, or did it divide the cause?
Women were working inside the socialist party and fighting for suffrage through propaganda/printing/meetings
A
gainst aligning with bourgeois women for rights
Women will be free when all workers are freeSlide52
The Internationale
- 1871
Arise ye
pris’ners
of starvation
Arise ye wretched of the earth
For justice thunders condemnation
A better world’s in birth!
No more tradition’s chains shall bind us
Arise, ye slaves, no more in thrall;
The earth shall rise on new foundations
We have been naught we shall be all.
Refrain:
’Tis
the final conflict
Let each stand in his place
The International Union
Shall be the human race.
We want no condescending saviors
To rule us from their judgement hall
We workers ask not for their favors
Let us consult for all.
To make the
theif
disgorge his booty
To free the spirit from its cell
We must ourselves decide our duty
We must decide and do it well.
The law oppresses us and tricks us,
The wage slave system drains our blood;
The rich are free from obligation,
The laws the poor delude.
Too long we’ve languished in subjection,
Equality has other laws;
"No rights", says she "without their duties,
No claims on equals without cause."
Behold them seated in their glory
The kings of mine and rail and soil!
What have you read in all their story,
But how they plundered toil?
Fruits of the workers’ toil are buried
In strongholds of the idle few
In working for their restitution
The men will only claim their due.
We toilers from all fields united
Join hand in hand with all who work;
The earth belongs to us, the workers,
No room here for the shirk.
How many on our flesh have fattened!
But if the
norsome
birds of prey
Shall vanish from the sky some morning
The blessed sunlight then will stay.Slide53
What is to Be Done? – V. I. Lenin - 1902
Russia was ran by a tsar, so organizing socialists were breaking the law. First successful socialist revolution
We must have a revolution, we must lead the people
to revolution
We must have stable leaders
We must represent everyone
We must be revolutionary in our actionsSlide54