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The Roaring Twenties  Chapter 9 p. 258 The Roaring Twenties  Chapter 9 p. 258

The Roaring Twenties Chapter 9 p. 258 - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Roaring Twenties Chapter 9 p. 258 - PPT Presentation

91 Boom Times Main Ideas President Harding promised a return to peace and prosperity Calvin Coolidge supported a pro business agenda American business boomed in the 1920s In 1928 Americans elected Herbert Hoover hoping he would help good financial times continue ID: 708337

amp americans govt american americans amp american govt people harding business prosperity hoover pres economic coolidge african feared groups

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Slide1

The Roaring Twenties

Chapter 9 p. 258Slide2

9.1 Boom Times

Main Ideas: President Harding promised a return to peace and prosperity. Calvin Coolidge supported a pro business agenda. American business boomed in the 1920’s. In 1928, Americans elected Herbert Hoover, hoping he would help good financial times continue.

Key Terms & People: Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Teapot Dome scandal, Kellogg-Briand Pact, Model T, moving assembly line, Herbert HooverSlide3

Return to Peace and Prosperity

After WWI, many working and farming contracts were not needed and cancelled. Unemployment rates increased and prices soared. Citizens blamed Democrats since Pres Wilson was a Dem. Coolidge was the VP. The decade began with hard times in America.

New election: Harding promised to return US to stability and prosperity (“normalcy”) and he won with more than 60% votes.

He gave tax cuts to the wealthy business owners so that they would hire more Americans and begin to invest in new businesses and jobs. This led to an economic boom that lasted most the decade. Slide4

Teapot Dome Scandal

Harding appointed many trusted friends to high govt positions. He said, “I have no trouble with my enemies. But my friends keep me walking the floor at night”.

This scandal caused Americans to question the judgment and honesty of our govt

One friend was convicted of bribery-he accepted money and gifts from oil companies and in exchange, allowed oil companies to control govt oil reserves in California and Teapot Dome, Wyoming.

Political Cartoon p. 263Slide5

Coolidge’s Probusiness Administration

Pres Harding unexpectedly dies so VP Coolidge took charge. He was an honest and trustworthy leader that restored confidence in Americans.

He fired everyone involved in bribery scandals.

Declared “the business of America is business” and expanded Harding’s business policies

Kellogg-Briand Pact was 62 countries signed in agreement to outlaw war-impossible to enforce but was symbolic to commitment peaceSlide6

Business Booms

Policies and tax cuts worked. Rapid economic growth!

Manufacturing nearly doubled

Jobs and wages increased

People bought new products

Many new products changed the way Americans livedSlide7

New Products = Prosperity in America

Cars

-Ford Model T (affordable car) made on assembly line required tires, windows, insurance, repair shops. Govt paved roads and built bridges. Gas stations scattered across the country.

Assembly line

paid well with short hours but was repetitive boring work

Electricity

-most Americans had electricity by the end of the decade.

Appliances

-vacuum, washing machine and refrigerator decreased chore time. These were referred to as the greatest gift to the modern housewife.

Advertisements

-Companies competed to sell their product on the radio and in magazines/newspapersSlide8

Hoover Elected

Pres Coolidge chose not to run again for President

Alfred Smith ran against Hoover but many Americans feared his strong faith (Catholic) interfere with govt-first Catholic considered for Pres

Republicans supported Herbert Hoover to maintain economic prosperity & continue the economic boom. He stated that “we in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land”. Slide9

9.2 Life during the 20’s

Main Ideas: Many young people found new independence in a changing society. Postwar tensions occasionally led to fear and violence. Competing ideals caused conflict between Americans with traditional beliefs and those with modern beliefs. Following the war, minority groups organized to demand their civil rights.

Key Terms & People: flappers, Red Scare, 21 Amendment, fundamentalism, Scopes trial, Great Migration, Marcus Garvey Slide10

Changing Society

Before now, most young people worked at home until they married.

After “seeing the world”, young people sought more independence-moved to cities, partied at dance clubs, listened to music and drove fast cars

High school and college attendance soared - including women

Women continued to work and join politics

Flappers were considered scandalous-cut hair short, wore makeup, wore short dresses and openly challenged traditional behaviors- seen dancing the Charleston. Magazines, advertisements, and movies promoted the flapper lifestyle.

Slide11

The RED Scare

Red is typically referring to communists and since Russia adopted communism in 1917, many Americans feared it spreading to the US

Bombs being mailed to important people were blamed on reds

Anarchist (belief in no govt) & immigrants Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of robbery & murder with no evidence. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) founded in 1920 to defend people’s civil rights unsuccessfully defended them. They were executed. Slide12

Restricting Immigration

Dramatic drop in immigration due to new laws

Emergency Quota Act of 1921-limited total number of immigrants allowed in US

National Origins Act of 1924- banned East Asia immigration entirely

Americans feared foreigners and radical ideas more than ever before. Different age groups had significantly different opinions. Slide13

Prohibition

Very difficult to enforce. Illegal bars called speakeasies broke the law along with gangsters and political corruption.

Chicago Al “Scarface” Capone gained control of illegal alcohol trade by murdering his rivals. He earned more than $60M a year off crime.

Without govt supervision over alcohol production, alcohol became more dangerous and criminal so the 21st Amendment ended prohibitionSlide14

Religious Ideals

Fundamentalism was created by religious groups stressing interpretation of the Bible-feared changes when prohibition ended. It was stronger in rural areas. They disagreed with Darwin’s theories of evolution. Laws restricted this teaching.

Scopes Trial-(TN, 1925)-Science teacher taught evolution and was convicted-forced to pay $100 See Picture p. 272

Lawyers debated science, faith, and free speech Slide15

Minority Rights

Great Migration-time after WWI when large groups of African Americans left the south to take jobs in northern factories Other African Americans remained and chose to strengthen their culture in the south. Marcus Garvey encouraged black nationalism- when peers to express pride in their culture and establish economic independence by building businesses and communities.

1924 the Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to all Native Americans-after fighting as non citizens of the US

Hispanic Americans formed United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)-worked to end unfair treatmentSlide16

9.3 Radios

Americans shared common experiences through radio broadcasts-changed culture

1st broadcast in 1920 announced the election of Pres Harding. National Broadcast Company (NBC) allowed Americans to hear music, news, weather reports, bedtime stories, sports, and political speeches without leaving their home.

Advertisements helped businesses

Farmers predicted they may one day actually be able to listen to the President of the United States (lol) Slide17

National Heroes

Movies (talkies) were very popular. 1927 was the first movie with sound & first full length feature (Jazz Singer)-Americans copied fashion of movie stars

Baseball attracted many Americans-watched Babe Ruth break records. African American League was created due to segregation-Jackie Robinson broke records

Pilots like Charles Lindbergh & Amelia Earhart dared flying solo across the Atlantic Ocean

Sigmund Freud became popular as he introduced psychoanalysis-defining human behavior as stimulus and response (cause & effect)Slide18

Music

Jazz Age developed from New Orleans

Roaring Twenties was an explosion in the popularity of jazz music

Dance crazes swept nation teaching the Charleston, the Toddle, and the Shimmy

Louis Armstrong played the trumpet as a solo-first to leave the band as a soloist musician Slide19

Writers

Harlem (NY) Renaissance-period of African American artistic accomplishment. Langston Hughes & others produced poetry and plays about African American life.

Ernest Hemingway wrote short stories and novels about disillusionment of US-part of the “lost generation” which was a group of writers that criticized US. Many of them left the US as expatriates.

F Scott Fitzgerald wrote Great Gatsby that focuses on the loss of morality

Sinclair Lewis was the 1st American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in literatureSlide20

Artists

Georgia O’Keefe (p. 279) experimented with new art styles-known for flower paintings

Architects introduced art deco in buildings which had clean, sharp lines that resembled machines-still visible todaySlide21

TEST TIME!

Complete, check and study review p. 287-288

Main Ideas & vocab

Read chapter at home if needed

Practice Quizlet