Unit 3 Lesson 5 Airway - PowerPoint Presentation

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Unit 3 Lesson 5Airway Adjuncts & Oxygen TherapySlide2

No cells, ear buds, or I-pads!Slide3
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Paragraph 1Once you gain access to the patient and beginyour initial assessment, your first course of

action is to establish an

open airway

. The

most common impediment to an open airway

is the tongue. When a patient becomes

unconscious, the muscles relax. The tongue

will slide back into the pharynx and obstruct

the airway. Slide5

Paragraph 1 Airway adjuncts, devices that aid in maintaining an open airway, may be used early in the treatment of the unresponsive patient and continue throughout your care. The two most common airway adjuncts are

oropharyngeal

(OPA) and

nasopharyngeal

(NPA) airways. Slide6

Oropharyngeal airway

(OPA)Slide7
Slide8

Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)Slide9
Slide10

Nasopharyngeal airway

(NPA)Slide11

Paragraph 2Suctioning a patient involves the use of avacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and

other secretions or foreign materials from the

airway in order to prevent aspiration or

obstruction of the airway. A

Yankauer

suction

catheter is a

rigid

catheter used to clear the

pharyngeal airway In the event of copious,

thick secretions or vomiting.Slide12

Yankauer suction catheterSlide13

Paragraph 2French catheters are

flexible

plastic tubes.

They are identified by a “

French

”

number

. The

larger the number, the larger the catheter. A

14 French catheter is larger than an 8 French

catheter. French catheters are designed to beused in situations when a rigid tip cannot be

used such as when a suctioning device must be

passed through an NPA or, in the case of

tracheobronchial suctioning

, through an ET

tube. Slide14

French catheters Slide15

French catheters (foley catheter) Slide16

French catheters (folley catheter) Slide17

French catheters (foley catheter) Slide18

French catheters (foley catheter) Slide19

French catheters (foley catheter) Slide20

French catheters (foley catheter) Slide21

Paragraph 3Administration of oxygen is one of the most

important and beneficial treatments a care

provider can give. Conditions that may require

oxygen include

respiratory

and

cardiac arrest

,

shock

, lung disease, and

hypoxia. Hypoxia is

an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain.Slide22

Paragraph 3Hypoxia may be indicated by cyanosis

and a

deterioration of the patient’s mental status.

O

2

is administered to assist in the delivery of

artificial ventilations

to nonbreathing patients and

to breathing patients for a variety of conditions. A

flow meter

, on an O2

tank in the field or from a

gas port in the hospital, allows control of the flow

of oxygen in

liters per minute

(lpm). Slide23

Standard O2 tank and regulator Slide24

Regulator and flow meterSlide25

Paragraph 4For the patient who is breathing adequatelyand requires supplemental oxygen, there are

various O

2

delivery devices available. In

general, however, the

non-rebreather mask

and the

nasal cannula

are the two devices most

commonly used.Slide26

non-rebreather maskSlide27

Paragraph 4The non-rebreather mask is a face mask and

reservoir bag device that delivers high

concentrations of O

2

. The patient’s exhaled

air escapes through a valve and is not

rebreathed. A non-rebreather mask can

deliver high flow O

2

concentrations of

90 to100% at 15 lpm. Slide28

nasal cannulaSlide29

nasal cannulaSlide30

Paragraph 5A nasal cannula

provides low concentrations of

oxygen of

24 to 44% at 6 lpm

through two prongs

that rests in the patient’s nostrils. Patients who

have chest pain or signs of shock need higher

concentrations of O

2

than what can be provided by a

cannula. However, some patients will not tolerate a mask-type device because they feel “suffocated” by the

mask. For the patient who refuses to wear an oxygen

mask, the cannula is better than no O

2

at all. The

cannula should be used only when a patient will not

tolerate a non-rebreather mask. Slide31

Paragraph 6A bag-valve-mask

(BVM) or “ambo-bag” is a hand

held device with a face mask and self-refilling bag

that can be squeezed by hand to provide artificial

ventilations or

positive pressure ventilations

(PPV)

to a patient and is it often referred to as “bagging”

the patient. The bag-valve-mask unit can be used

to ventilate a non-breathing patient and it is also

helpful in assisting ventilations in the patient

whose own respiratory attempts are not enough to

support life, such as a patient in respiratory failure

or a drug overdose. Slide32

bag-valve-mask (BVM) or “ambo-bag”Slide33

bag-valve-mask (BVM) or “ambo-bag”Slide34

Paragraph 6Many different BVM units and systems areavailable; however, all of them have the same

basic parts. The bag itself must be a self

refilling shell that can be easily cleaned. It

should also have a non-

rebreathing

, non-jam

valve. Most BVMs have a standard 15/22 mm

respiratory fitting

to ensure a proper fit with

other respiratory equipment, face masks, and

endotracheal tubes.

BVMs deliver

PPV

at high flow

O2 concentrations of up to

90 to 100% at 15

lpm

. Slide35

Paragraph 7The most difficult part of delivering BVMventilations is obtaining an adequate mask seal so that air does not leak in or out of the mask.

Therefore, it is strongly recommended by the AHA

that BVM ventilations be performed by two

rescuers. One person is assigned to squeeze the

bag, while the other rescuer uses two hands to

maintain a mask seal.Slide36

Paragraph 7The two person technique can be modified sothat the jaw-thrust

maneuver can be used to

obtain an open airway on a patient suspected

of having a neck or spinal injury. When no C-

spine trauma is suspected, an open airway can

be maintained by the

head-tilt/chin-lift

maneuver. Slide37

NOT head-tilt/chin-liftSlide38

head-tilt/chin-liftSlide39

We’re done!