Head Neck Middle Piece Annulus Principal Piece End Piece Acrosome Sperm Structure Sperm From Different Species Nucleus Sperm Head Nucleus Equatorial Segment Plasma Membrane Acrosome ID: 715082
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Animal Science 434 Epididymis, Ejaculati..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Animal Science 434
Epididymis, Ejaculation and SemenSlide2
Head
Neck
Middle
Piece
Annulus
Principal
Piece
End Piece
Acrosome
Sperm StructureSlide3
Sperm From Different SpeciesSlide4
Nucleus
Sperm Head
Nucleus
(Equatorial Segment)Slide5
Plasma Membrane
Acrosome
Nucleus
Acrosomal
Enzymes
Acrosin
Hyaluronidase
Acrosome ReactionSlide6
Middle
piece
Laminated columns
(flexibility)
Capitulum
Course outer
fibers
Mitochondrial helix
(energy)
Posterior head
Axoneme
(9 + 9 + 2
)
[Bending]Slide7
Midpiece
Annulus
Principal
Piece
Fibrous
Sheath or helixSlide8Slide9
Sperm Tail
Middle Piece
Principal Piece
Mitochondrion
Dense Fibers
PM
Fibrous Rib
Long.
ColumnSlide10
AxonemeSlide11
Microtubule Sliding in Sperm TailSlide12
Sperm Metabolism
Glucose-6-phosphate
Anerobic
Metabolism
(Glycolysis)
Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphohexoisomerase
Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H
2
O
Tricarboxcylic AcidCycle
Glucose
Fructose
36 ATP/Glucose
36 ATP/Fructose
Fatty Acids
Aerobic
Metabolism
Hexokinase
HexokinaseSlide13
Sperm Metabolism
Glucose-6-phosphate
Anerobic
Metabolism
(Glycolysis)
Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphohexoisomerase
Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H
2
O
Tricarboxcylic AcidCycle
Glucose
Fructose
36 ATP/Glucose
36 ATP/Fructose
Fatty Acids
Aerobic
Metabolism
Hexokinase
Hexokinase
phosphataseSlide14
ATP Utilization in Sperm
motility (60%)
substrate cycling (40%)wasted
maintenance of ionic gradientsvery small amounttranscription and translationnone after condensation of nucleus and loss of residual bodySlide15
Sperm Metabolism
Temperature dependent
ATP production increases as temperature increasesATP dependent processes are temperature dependent
motility increases with increasing temperatureSlide16
Effect of Temperature on MotilitySlide17
Transport of Sperm
Caput
Rete
Testis
Seminiferous
Tubule
Vas
Efferentia
Vas
Deferens
Corpus
Cauda
bulk fluid flow
contractions of
of myoid cells
fluid flow
RT secretion
fluid flow
cilia
contractions
contractions
contractions
contractionsSlide18
Epididymal Function
Maturation
change in fertility
develop motilitynuclear condensationcytoplasmic dropletConcentrationremove waterSlide19
Epididymal Function
Secretion
T DHT
energy substrates (GPC, free fatty acids, carnitine)glycoproteins, lipids, enzymesTransportsmooth muscle contractionStoragecaudaSlide20
Hormonal Control of Epididymis
Caput
tubal testosterone
Corpustubal dihydrotestosterone (DHT)vascular testosteroneCaudatubal DHTvascular testosterone
Absolute need for AndrogenSlide21
Ejaculate Characteristics
Species Time lapse for Composition of
Bull 1 second single fraction
Ram 1 second single fraction
Boar 5 - 25 minutes fractionated sperm-free sperm-rich coagulumStallion 30 - 60 seconds fractionated sperm-free sperm-rich mucusHuman 10 - 30 seconds single fraction
but coagulatedSlide22
Components of Semen
water
sperm
substratesfructosesorbitolinositolglycerol phosphatidyl choline (GPC)citric acidinorganic saltssodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorideproteinsSlide23
Initial Semen Evaluation
color
volumeconcentration
motilityviabilitymorphologySlide24
Semen Color and Volume
Color
White to cream color - goodYellow – urine present
Clear or thin in appearance – few spermVolumeWeight, 1 ml = 1 gmConcentrationHemocytometer – gold standardSpectrophotometer, photometer, fluorometer(measure DNA)Slide25
Motility Evaluation
Also a viability evaluation
Visual estimation – Nearest 5% estimateTotal motility – all the moving spermProgressive motility – those sperm moving in a straight line
CASA – Computer aided sperm analysisTracts individual sperm and computes a variety of statistics on the sampleSample preparation is key to usefulness of data obtained!!!Slide26
Fluorescent Sperm Viability Assay
Sybr14 / PI
Green = viable
Red = dead
Adaptable to Microscopy or Flow cytometrySlide27
Morphology
Variety of sample preparations and methods for evaluation
Stain vs. no stainWet mount vs. dried or fixedMagnification of observation
Computer systems require training samplesSlide28
Morphology Classifications
Scheme A
Primary – Head abnormalitiesSecondary – Tail abnormalities
Scheme BPrimary – Head abnormalitiesSecondary – Tail abnormalitiesTertiary – Cytoplasmic dropletsSlide29Slide30Slide31
Ejaculate Characteristics
Species Ejaculate Sperm Total Sperm % %
Volume Conc. (x10
9
) Motile Normal (x109/ml) /EjaculateBull 8.0 1.5 12 75 95Ram 1.0 3.0 3 95 95Boar 200 .25 50 70 90Stallion 80 .15 12 70 40-90
Man 2-6 .15 .9 65 30-70