Do Now 12/5 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Do Now 12/5

WOD:

FUSILLADE

(FYOO

se

lahd

) n.

a rapid outburst or barrage

The soldier jumped behind a concrete wall for protection from the

FUSILLADE

of

gunfire.

The

guard at the gate was surprised by a

FUSILLADE

of arrows which allowed the invaders to gain entrance to the

castle.

The

defense lawyer overwhelmed the witness with

a

FUSILLADE

of questions.

1

.) What are

thermal inertia

and

thermal equilibrium?

Why are these concepts important to life and Earth’s climate?Slide2

Blackfish response

Answer two of the following in a complete paragraph with NO FEWER than 5 sentences

This documentary is mainly told through the viewpoints of 5 former SeaWorld trainers. Why did the filmmakers not include testimony from current SeaWorld employees?

SeaWorld is currently appealing a court ruling that makes trainers stay a certain distance away from whales to ensure their safety. Do you believe that SeaWorld should be fighting that decision? Why or why not?

There is a huge movement by PETA and other organizations to have all the whales in captivity released into the wild. Do you believe that is a viable option? Slide3

Chapter 7.2: How Water Physics Affect Marine Life

INB

Pg

38Slide4

Light

Water scatters and absorbs light. When light

hits the water, some

light penetrates,

but much

may simply reflect back out

of the

water.Within the water, light reflects off light-colored suspended particles.Dark colored suspended particles and algae absorb some of the light.Water molecules absorb the energy, converting light into heat.Water absorbs colors at the red end of the spectrum more easilythan at the blue end.Slide5

Light

Two

zones exist with respect to light penetration:

1.

Photic Zone

– where light reaches (can be as deep as 200 meters (656 feet). The photic zone has two subzones.

Euphotic Zone

– the upper shallow portion where most biological production occurs – comprises about 1% of the oceans.Dysphotic Zone – where light reaches, but not enough for photosynthetic life.

2.

Aphotic Zone

– it makes up the vast majority of the oceans. Where light does not reach and only a fraction of marine organisms live.Slide6

Temperature

Compared to land-based climates, marine organisms live in a

much less challenging environment

with respect to temperature range

.

Ectotherm

– An organism who's internal temperature changes with seawater temperature. Commonly called “cold-blooded.”Endotherm – Organisms that have an internal temperature that varies, but remains 9°-16°C (48.2°- 60.8°F) warmer than the surrounding water.Homeotherm

– Have an internal temperature that is relatively stable. They are called “warm-blooded”; marine mammals and birds are in this category.Slide7

Temperature

Temperature affects metabolism

– the higher the temperature within an organism the more energy-releasing chemical processes (metabolism) happen.

Endotherms and

homeotherms

can tolerate a wide range of external temperatures.

Internal heat regulation allows endotherms an advantage.

Their metabolic rate remains the same regardless of external temperature allowing them to live in a variety of habitats.Slide8

Sound

Sound travels five times faster in water than in air

.

It travels through warm water faster than

cool… but

it travels faster in deep water due to pressure.

Sound

travels much farther through water than light does.Sound is eventually absorbed by water as heat..Slide9

Sound

Because

sound travels so well in water,

marine

mammals use echolocation

to sense

an object’s size, distance

, density, and position underwater.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Qpe69tbz34Slide10

Do Now 12/9

WOD:

GARNER

(GAHR

nur

) v.

to gather or storeMaria worked to GARNER all the information she could before she started writing her report.Throughout her lifetime, Bernice GARNERED enough antique furniture to fill five houses.Jonathan was guilty of

GARNERING

illegal information on the internet.

Absolute LAST day for any missing assignments and test retakes/corrections is THIS Friday! (12/13)

Please take your folder from the cartSlide11

Pressure

Pressure exerted by water is called

hydrostatic pressure

.

It’s simply the weight of the water.

At 10 meters (33 feet) hydrostatic pressure is equal to

atmospheric pressure

– 1 bar/ata.At 10 meters (33 feet) the total pressure is 2 bar – 1 bar from atmospheric pressure plus 1 bar from hydrostatic pressure.A marine organism living at 10 meters (33 feet) experiences twice the pressure present at sea level. Pressure

increases 1

bar for each additional 10 meters (33 feet

).Slide12

Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure doesn’t affect marine organisms because it is the same inside the organism as outside.

Living tissue is made primarily of water, which (within limits) transmits pressure evenly. Since it’s in balance,

pressure

doesn’t crush or harm marine organisms

.

Hydrostatic pressure is primarily an issue only for organisms that have gas spaces in their bodies.Slide13

Size and Volume

Using a sphere to substitute for a cell:

The volume of a sphere increases with the cube of its radius and the surface area increases with the square of its radius

.

If a cell were to increase diameter 24 times original size, the volume would increase 64 times, but the surface

area would

increase only 16 times.

High surface-to-volume ratio is important for cell function. The bigger the cell, the lower the surface-to-volume ratio, which means that there’s less relative area through which to exchangegases, nutrients, and waste.This is why large organisms are multicellular rather than a giant single cell

.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ecfwgctis8Slide14

Size and Volume

Buoyancy

Archimedes’ Principle

states that an object immersed

in a

gas or liquid is buoyed up by a force equal to the

weight of

the gas or liquid displaced.This means marine organisms don’t have to expend much energy to offset their own weight

compared to a land-based existence.

It allows entire communities to exist simply by drifting.

It allows organisms to grow larger than those on land.It allows many swimming creatures to live without ever actually

coming into

contact with the bottom

.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xniW3_afO-0Slide15

Movement and Drag

Marine organisms avoid sinking by

:

Plumes, hairs, ribbons, spines, and other protrusions that increase their drag and help

them resist

sinking.

Others have buoyancy adaptations that help them remain suspended in the water column.

Some marine organisms need to overcome drag as they swim. Adaptations that help them overcome drag:Moving or swimming very slowly.

Excreting mucus or oil that actually

helps them

to “slip” through the water.The most common is to have a shape that reduces drag – streamlining.

.Slide16

Movement and Drag

Currents

It is speculated that

drifting provides several advantages

.

1. Drifting disperses organisms into new habitats, ensuring survival should

something happen to the original community.

2. May take organisms into nutrient-rich areas, preventing too manyoffspring from competing for the same resources in the original community.