End of Course Study Guide - PowerPoint Presentation

End of Course Study Guide “The New Science Starter January, 2017

Directions! I will provide you with a book for your questions. Use a sheet of paper until you get your notebook. When you enter the room open your notebook to the first section – EOC REVIEW. (There will be a total of 60 questions) Write the ENTIRE QUESTION AND THE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS. INCLUDE ANY PICTURE THAT MAY BE ON THE SLIDE. Circle the correct answer that you chose. Leave room for any feedback that you may need to write down. Record your answer on the Science Starter Sheet and turn that sheet into the basket. This is a weekly grade!

Week of January 9, 2017 Write the question and ALL of the answers on in your spiral notebook. Leave room for feedback and explanations! Record final answer on the “Science Starter Sheet” and turn this sheet into the basket on Friday.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 1 A cyclist rode her bicycle in a 60-mile race heading north toward the finish line. It took her 4 hours to complete the race. What was her average velocity? 60 miles per hour north 60 miles per hour 15 miles per hour 15 miles per hour north Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 2 Over a period of 50 seconds, a car accelerated. At the beginning of this period, the car had a velocity of 400 meters/second. At the end of this period, the car reached a final velocity of 750 meters/second. What was the car’s average acceleration? 1 meter/second 2 7 meters/second 2 8 meters/second 2 15 meters/second 2 Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 3 A train leaves the station and travels toward a seaside resort on the Atlantic Ocean. The velocity for the first few seconds of travel is indicated below. Time (seconds) Velocity (meters per second east) 0 0 1 5 2 10 3 15 4 20

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 3 Continued… Assuming constant acceleration, what would the velocity be after 7 seconds of travel? 25 meters per second east 30 meters per second east 35 meters per second east 40 meters per second east Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 4 The graph below shows a relationship between velocity and time. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 5 Which of Newton’s laws is being illustrated in the drawing below? Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 5 Continued… Newton’s law of universal gravitation Newton’s first law of motion, the law of inertia Newton’s second law of motion, F = ma Newton’s third law of motion, Action = Reaction Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Week of January 17, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 6 It takes a 25-N force to accelerate an object 5 m/s/s. What is the mass of the object? 0.2 kg 5 kg 20 kg 125 kg Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 7 Jupiter is the largest Planet in our solar system. An asteroid passing by Earth at a given distance might not be pulled into our atmosphere, but if the same asteroid were passing by Jupiter at the same distance, it might be pulled into Jupiter’s atmosphere. What is the best explanation for this? Jupiter’s mass is greater than the mass of Earth and, therefore, the gravitational pull from Jupiter is greater. Jupiter’s mass is greater than the mass of Earth and, therefore, the gravitational pull is less than that of Earth. Earth’s distance from the sun is less than the distance of Jupiter to the sun and, therefore, Jupiter has less gravity. Earth’s distance from the sun is less than the distance of Jupiter to the sun and, therefore, Jupiter has more gravity

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 8 What important distinction between mass and weight is illustrated in the diagram below? Mass = 36.7 kg Mass = 36.7 kg Your mass is always 1/6 less than your weight on the moon. Your mass is greater on other planets, while your weight is less on other planets. Mass is the same everywhere in the universe, but weight depends on the force of gravity. Mass and weight are the same everywhere in the universe, but they are measured in different units.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 9 The table shown below lists the planets in order from the sun. Planet Diameter (x 1,000 km) Year Length (in Earth days/years) Gravity (x Earth’s ) Moons Mercury 4.88 88 d 0.38 0 Venus 12.1225 d0.910Earth12.76365 d1.001Mars6.79687 d0.382Jupiter143.011.9 y2.5363Saturn120.529.4 y1.1447Uranus51.184 y0.9027Neptune49.5165 y1.1413

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 9 Continued… Which statement is a valid conclusion about the relationship between the planets? The gravitational force between Mercury and Neptune will be greatest because they are farthest apart. The gravitational force between Jupiter and Saturn will be greatest due to the mass of each and their closeness. The gravitational force between Mercury and Venus will be greatest because they are closest to the sun. The gravitational force between Earth and Venus is less than between Mercury and Mars.

Week of January 23, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 10 An apple falls from a tree. Under ideal conditions, what would be the velocity of the apple after three seconds? 3.0 m/sec 9.8 m/sec 29.4 m/sec 940 m/sec Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 11 A student uses a force of 200 N to push a cart a distance of 20 meters. How much work did the student do on the cart? 0.1 J 10 J 180 J 4000 J Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 12 What is the mechanical advantage of a wedge that requires an input force of 3 N to do 9 N of work? 3 6 9 18 Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 13 Which of the following machines is a pulley? A. B. C. D.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 14 When a girl shoots a marble at a stationary marble of the same mass, the first marble stops moving, and the second marble moves with the same velocity as the original marble. What rule predicts this situation? The law of conservation of charge The law of conservation of energy The law of conservation of matter The law of conservation of momentum Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Week of January 30, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 15 Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical reaction? electrons neutrons nuclei protons Hint : Don’t forget about your formula page on INB p. 17 Periodic Table on INB 18 and INB 90

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 16 The following is a diagram of a beryllium atom. How many electrons can be lost from the outermost energy level, and what will occur when they are gone? One electron can be lost from the outermost energy level, to the formation of an isotope. Two electrons can be lost from the outermost energy level, leading to chemical stability Four electrons can be lost from the outermost energy level making beryllium unreactive. Three electrons can be lost from the outermost energy level, making this atom radioactive.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 17 Carbon-12 and carbon-14 have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. What else is true about carbon-12 and carbon-14? Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. Carbon-12 is more massive than carbon-14 Carbon-12 and carbon-14 have the same number of neutrons. Carbon-12 and carbon 14 have different number of electrons.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 18 An atom of aluminum contains 13 protons, and its atomic mass is 27. Which of the following is accurate about aluminum? There are 13 electrons in its nucleus. There are 13 neutrons in its nucleus. There are 14 electrons in its nucleus. There are 14 neutrons in its nucleus.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 19 The diagram below shows an ionic crystal. What type of matter does this diagram portray? Cl - Na + compound element mixture solution

Week of February 6, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 20 The diagrams below show the arrangement of water molecules in liquid water and solid water. Which of the following statements best explains the difference between the particles in these two phases of water?

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 20 cont. For a solid to form a liquid, energy is needed to overcome the forces that hold particles in their fixed positions in the solid state. For a liquid to form a solid, energy is needed to overcome the forces that hold particles in their fixed positions in the liquid state. In their fixed positions in the liquid state, water molecules form a more open structure that is less dense than that of solid water. Water molecules in the liquid state contain hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen atoms, which is not the case when water is in the solid state.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 21 What type of arrangement and motion do particles in a gas have? Particles are closely packed together and vibrating. Particles are not in contact with one another and are moving very slowly. Particle are moving very quickly, and their only contact is when they collide. Particle are in contact with each other, but they are able to slip past one another.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 22 Study the diagram below. 12g 26mL 20mL Without metal With metal

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 22 cont. Based on the data in the illustration, which is a reasonable conclusion? Most solids sink in water. Water has a density of 2 g/ mL. The metal has a density of 2 g/ mL. Most solids have a density greater than 2 g/ mL.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 23 Examine the diagram. If the mass of the solid object is 63 g, 92mL what is the density? 0.4 g/mL 50mL 0.7 g/mL 1.3 g/mL 1.5 g/mL

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 24 What happens to the number of valence electrons as you travel from right to left in the period in the periodic table? The number of valence electrons increases The number of valence electrons decreases. The number of valence electrons stays the same. The number of valence electrons is random as you go along a period.

Week of February 13, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 25 Which types of elements tend to lose electrons to reach chemical stability? metals nonmetals metalloids noble gases

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 26 Halogens are found in group 17. How many valence electrons does a halogen atom have? 6 7 8 17

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 27 The chemical laughing gas is also known as dinitrogen monoxide. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for the compound dinitrogen monoxide? NO N 2 O NO 2 N 2 O 2

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 28 The chemical laughing gas is also known as dinitrogen monoxide. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for the compound dinitrogen monoxide? NO N 2 O NO 2 N 2 O 2

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 29 A student is given this graph of the relationship between temperature and pressure. 1000 900 800 700 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Pressure ( Torr ) Temperature (Celsius)

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 29 cont. Which conclusion can be reached from the data on the graph? Temperature and pressure show an inverse relationship. Temperature was the independent variable in this investigation. As the temperature increases, pressure remains generally the same. For each increase in temperature, there is a proportional increase in pressure.

Week of February 21, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 30 The shape of an airplane’s wing causes the air to move faster over the wing’s upper surface than over its lower surface. The difference in air speed causes a difference in pressure, which lifts the airplane upward. What law or principle explains how an airplane’s wing keeps a airplane in the air? Boyle’s law Charles’ law Gay-Lussac’s law Bernoulli’s principle

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 31 Which graph best supports the claim that as KCL concentration increases steadily, conductivity increases steadily? A. B. C. D.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 32 Chlorine has 7 valence electrons in its outer energy level. What kind of ion is chlorine likely to form? Cl +1 Cl +7 Cl -1 Cl -7

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 33 Lithium has an atomic number of 3, meaning that it has 3 protons in its nucleus and 3 orbiting electrons. If a lithium atom loses its outermost electron to another element, what will be its electrical charge? The lithium will have a +1 charge. The lithium will have a -1 charge. The lithium will have a +2 charge. The lithium will have a -2 charge.

Week of February __, 2017

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 34 Which of the following is a stable covalent molecule? F 2 NaCl HCl CaCl 2

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 35 Which of the following best describes the process of covalent bonding? Covalent bonding is the result of the attraction of positive and negative ions. Atoms with only 1 valence electron are most likely to form stable covalent bonds. Covalent bonding is the process of providing chemical stability through the sharing of electrons between atoms. Covalent bonding is the process of providing chemical stability through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 36 Glucose is produced by plants through a series of chemical reactions collectively known as photosynthesis. The formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6. Which is correct about glucose? Glucose is a mixture, not a compound. The correct formula for glucose is really CH 2 O. The ratio of carbon to oxygen atoms is 1:1. Each glucose molecule is composed of 6 atoms.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 37 Photosynthesis is one of the most important chemical reactions on Earth. The general equation for photosynthesis is shown below. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Which of the following best describes this reaction? It is a decomposition reaction. It is an endothermic reaction. It is an exothermic reaction. It is nuclear reaction.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 38 Which of the following best describes a base ? Has a pH less than 7 Turns blue litmus paper red Does not mix well with water Releases OH - ions when forming a solution

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 39 The diagram below shows the reactants and products of a chemical reaction. What property of reactions does this diagram illustrate? + C + O 2 CO 2 Carbon Oxygen Carbon dioxide Energy is always produced in a synthesis reaction. Atoms are always conserved during chemical reactions. The number of bonds always increases in a chemical reaction. Only gases can react to produce gases in chemical reactions. C O O O C O

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 40 When nitrogen gas (N 2 ) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) are combined at a high temperature and under pressure, ammonia (NH 3) is produced. Which is a balanced equation for this reaction ? N 2 + 2H 2  2(NH 3 ) N 2 + 3H  2(NH3)N2 + 3H2  2(NH3)2N2 + 3H2  2(NH3)

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 41 When electricity is passed through water, the following decomposition reaction can occur: 2H 2 O  2H 2 + O2 . What does the law of conservation of matter tell you about the ratios of particles in the chemical reaction? The reacting substances must be the same as the substances produced. The number of reactant molecules must equal the number of product molecules. The number of reactant compounds must equal the number of product compounds The number of atoms of each element must be equal on both sides of the reaction arrow.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 42 Which term identifies the type of interference shown in the diagram below ? standing destructive constructive transverse

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 43 A student is demonstrating to his class how a transverse wave moves, as shown in the diagram below. direction of the wave movement amplitude of the wave wave height wavelength

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 44 What statement most accurately describes a characteristics of transverse waves ? c an only travel in a vacuum t ransfer matter from one place to another comprised of rarefactions and compressions e nergy moves perpendicular to the particles in the medium

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 45 A wave is propagating energy from left to right. The particles of the medium are moving back and forth from left to right. What type of wave is this ? electromagnetic longitudinal surface transverse

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 46 Sonar uses sound waves to map the ocean floor. A sonar device sends sound waves toward the ocean bottom. The waves bounce off the ocean floor and return to the boat. A computer measures the amount of time it takes for the waves to make the round-trip and calculates the distance from the ocean floor to the sonar device. What wave interaction does a sonar device rely on ? constructive interference diffraction reflection refraction

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 47 If the heavy arrow in the diagram below represents the incident light wave, at what angle will the reflecting light wave bounce off the smooth surface? A A. angle A B B. angle B C C. angle C D. angle D D

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 48 As light waves pass through water and then through air, the speed of the light waves changes. Which of the following refers to the bending of light waves as they pass through different materials ? interference reflection refraction diffraction

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 49 Which statement describes the relationships between frequency, wavelength, and energy of light ? The linger the wavelength, the lower the frequency, and the lower the energy. The greater the frequency, the longer the wavelength, and the greater the energy. The shorter the wavelength, the greater the frequency, and the lower the energy. The lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength, and the greater the energy.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 50 A lava lamp contains two liquids that do not mix. When the lava lamp is turned on, its base heats the liquid at the bottom of the glass container. What process causes the liquids to move up and down within the glass container ? Radiation of light causes the entire glass container to have the same temperature. Conduction from the lamp base causes the liquids to gain thermal energy and boil rapidly. Conduction from the lamp base causes the entire glass container to have the same temperature. Convection currents cause the liquids to rise when they are heated and sink when they are cooled.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 51 When you place a metal spoon in a cup of hot tea, thermal energy moves from the hot liquid to the spoon. What method of heat transfer is occurring ? conduction convection radiation temperature

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 52 Earth receives energy from the sun by convection conduction radiation temperature

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 53 Which of the following statements is true of the laboratory setup shown in the diagram below? 35°C 25°C A B Heat will flow from beaker A to beaker B. Heat will flow from beaker B to beaker A. Radiation will cause both beakers to become the same temperature Both beakers will remain the same temperature until cooled by the surrounding air.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question #54 The relationship among heat, mass and temperature is shown by the equation q = mc ( T final – Tinitial) Where q is heat in joules, m is mass in kilograms, c is specific heat capacity in joules/kg °C, and T final – T initial is the change in Celsius temperature. How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of a 100-gram sample of lead from 5°C to 15°C?

Choose the best answer for each question. Question #54 The relationship among heat, mass and temperature is shown by the equation q = mc ( T final – Tinitial) Where q is heat in joules, m is mass in kilograms, c is specific heat capacity in joules/kg °C, and T final – T initial is the change in Celsius temperature. How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of a 100-gram sample of lead from 5°C to 15°C? Continued on next slide…

Choose the best answer for each question. Question #54, Cont. Specific Heat of Common Substances A. 12.9 J 64.5 J 129 J 193.5 J Substance Specific Heat Capacity (J/g x °C) Water (liquid) 4.18 Ethanol 2.44 Water (solid) 2.06 Air 1.01 Aluminum 0.897 Lead0.129

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 55 Ohm’s law is the equation V = IR , where V is voltage (in volts), I is the current (in amps), and R is the resistance (in ohms). A 12-volt device uses 3 amps of electricity. What is the resistance of the device ? 3 ohms 4 ohms 12 ohms 36 ohms

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 56 If bulb #1 in the circuit goes out, what will happen to the light of bulb # 2 ? # 1 # 2 Bulb #2 will not glow. Bulb #2 will glow more brightly. Bulb # 2 will glow, but it will be dimmer. Bulb #2 will glow for a while and then stop.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 57 Fusion and fission are different types of nuclear reactions. Although the mechanisms of the reactions are very different, both reactions release a great deal of energy. What is another similarity between the two nuclear reaction types ? Both reactions occur at similar temperatures and pressures. Both reactions involve the combining of atomic nuclei. Both reactions create the same amount of energy. Both reactions result in a loss of mass.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 58 What type of reaction is shown below ? endothermic reaction synthesis reaction nuclear fission nuclear fusion Smaller nucleus Smaller nucleus Energy Splits Large nucleus +

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 59 Photosynthesis is one of the most important chemical reactions on Earth. The general formula for photosynthesis is shown below. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Which of the following BEST describes this reaction? It transforms light energy into chemical energy. It transforms chemical energy into light energy. It transforms mechanical energy into kinetic energy. It transforms potential energy into mechanical energy.

Choose the best answer for each question. Question # 60 Why is a perpetual motion machine impossible to build? Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Some energy is converted to heat due to friction. Mass cannot be created or destroyed. Energy output is always greater than energy input.