Unconstitutional Rulers And Spartan Communal Living Reminder of Hoplite Success Undefeated except against themselves or Romans Manifestation of ethos of the polis unity realization that individual freedom comes only from strong community ID: 428584
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Greek Tyranny
Unconstitutional Rulers
And
Spartan Communal LivingSlide2
Reminder of Hoplite Success
Undefeated, except against themselves or Romans
Manifestation of ethos of the polis: unity,
realization that individual freedom comes only from strong community' …you'll quickly see why the Greek ethos, the Greek feeling of absolute commitment, voluntary absolute commitment, even at the risk of your life for the polis was the central most important force in society.' - Kagan Slide3
Greek Tyranny
Tyrannos
. Probably from Lydia?
GygesAbsolute power, wealth, unconstitutional acquisition of rule, military force. governs ex cathedraHoplite farmers party to tyranny to get rid of aristocracies?Pheidon of ArgosEarly tyrannies tend to crop up in poleis that send out colonies: eg
CorinthSlide4
Cleisthenes of Sicyon
Exceedingly influential tyrant from tyrannical dynasty, wins horse race at the Olympics
Changes tribal allegiances
Contest for his daughter, Aragiste: reality tv styleHippocleides and Megacles are the finalists'Son of Tysander, you have danced away your bride.'Fabulous power and wealth of tyrants Slide5
Accomplishments of the Tyrants
Diversified industry, agriculture. They need to please everyone.
Increase in colonization: remove the dissidents, imbed (minimal) influence
Increase in urbanisation, public works, patronage of artsDesire to show off architecturally: wooden structures built with stoneSlide6
The most influential consequences of tyrannies
Hoplite
farmers
gain a hand in the political processSocial advancement possible with wealthUltimate understanding that tyrannies aren't GreekSlide7
S*P*A*R*T*A
A fantasy of community that comes true (Marxist historiography)
6
th c hegemon of GreeceHelots – Laconia and Messenia. Fear of revoltPerioikoi – specialized merchants or artisansSpartiates (Homoioi) – fightersLycurgusRemember, Sparta is an anomaly.Slide8
Spartan Education for Boys
At birth, a council determines fitness of a child
Agoge
– put in his pack at 7, school overseen by magistrate but run by the older boysFrom 12-30 you live in the communal barracks, one cloakIntentional lack of foodMusikai – poetryErotes - sponsorMarriage at 20, but you live in barracks and can't been seen at home, so sneaky visitsSlide9
…More on the Agoge
After 30 a man moves out of the barracks to his family home, but still eats all his meals with his group of 15,
syssition
. Generally 'black broth'Tyrtaios the poetPhysical strength, courageUniformity, yet desire to be the best. Arete. Community of fighting menSlide10
Role of Women in Sparta
Just as important in the state system and just as much totally different from the rest of the Greeks. Parity in property and legal rights. No political rights.
Athletics, dancing, quasi-co-ed
Marriage rituals
Spartan mothers
Far-out Communist sorority Slide11
Spartan Constitution
Mix
Two warrior-priest kings
Heredetary Judges Approve ambassadors to cities and DelphiAssigns husbands for widows with no male relativesApproves AdoptionsSit on the GerusiaGet to skip the agogeSlide12
Spartan Constitution
Gerusia
– council of elders, 30 men (including the kings) elected by the
homoioi to life terms.Ekklesia – Assembly of all fighting men, in armor Ephors – 5 a year, chosen by lot. Ordinary Spartans. The only citizens who can bring a charge against the kings who are tried by the Gerusia. Secretaries of State.Slide13
Spartan Foreign Policy
Basically, they hate democracy and tyranny and try to stop them both.
Become the first hegemon of Greece with Defeat of
Tegea, 570Create the Peloponnesian League/Spartan AllianceConstant fear of Helot Revolt, Rise of ArgosReluctant to fight, and always wary of going far away for any length of time