PDF-Mol.Nutr.FoodRes.

2013 57 802. 2 Expresses the relationship between . pressure. , . volume. , and . temperature. of a . fixed. amount of . gas. .. . PV/T = k . or . P. 1. V. 1. /T. 1. = P. 2. V. 2. /T. 2. Charles’ Law. Episode 903. = based on data. . Usually % composition data. Why is it important to be able to calculate the empirical formula?. Penicillin . Antibiotic. Discovered about 80 years ago. Paved the way for other antibiotics to be created which increased life expectancy. 2. . Know and be able to account for the trends in reactivity with water. , the relative solubility of the hydroxides and sulfates. . The Trend . Hydroxides increase in solubility down the group.. Sulfates decrease in solubility down the group.. Put the sign in front of the number (ion charge other way). Oxygen always -2 (except in H. 2. O. 2. : -1). Hydrogen always +1 (except hydride: -1). Sum of ON in compounds = 0. Elements = 0. Monoatomic ion ON = charge. IB Topics 5 & 15. PART 4: . . Entropy & Spontaneity. “The time has come,” the Walrus said, . “To speak of many things: . Of shoes--and ships--and sealing wax—. Of Entropy, Enthalpy, and Free Energy. Enthalpy. Enthalpy (H)is the total amount of energy contained within a substance. Included all forms of energy, kinetic, potential…. Very difficult to measure all forms of energy within a substance, therefore a change in enthalpies is measured whenever a change occurs.. Chemistry 1105. Titration . Commercial White Vinegar. Determination of Molar Concentration Of Acetic Acid . . Materials . Acetic Acid , app 5 % per volume . Commercial White Vinegar. NaOH, 0.5 M . Strong Base. The Mole. mole. (mol)- SI Unit for the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12.. A unit of counting, like the dozen.. Avogadro’s Number. CHAPTER 7-2. How to find the molar mass of an element. The . molar mass . of any substance is the mass (in grams) of one mole of the substance.. It is expressed as grams/mole (. g/. mol. ).. The molar mass of . Limiting Reactant. Limiting Reagent. The . reactant. that is totally used up during the chemical reaction. Limits. the amount of . product. produced . Excess Reactant. Excess Reagent. The . reactant. Consider the balanced equation for the production of ammonia:. N. 2. . 3. H. 2. .  . 2. NH. 3 . If you have 2 moles of nitrogen and 3 moles of hydrogen, which reactant will be used up?. How much ammonia will you be able to make?. Review: Multiple Steady States in CSTR. Plot of X. A,EB . vs. T and X. A,MB. . vs. T. Intersections are the T and X. A. that satisfy both mass balance (MB) & energy balance (EB) equations. Each intersection is a steady state. 37 38 lip