Foreign Studies BAcademic English B 20 December 2016 What is multiculturalism What is multiculturalism Multiculturalism in Australia Demographics Government P olicies Norms and Principles in Society ID: 525629
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Slide1
Multiculturalism in Australia
Foreign Studies B/Academic English B
20 December 2016Slide2
What is multiculturalism?Slide3
What is multiculturalism?Slide4
Multiculturalism in Australia
Demographics
Government P
olicies
Norms and Principles in Society
Australian Identity
Australian ValuesSlide5
What is multiculturalism?Slide6
Demographically, Australia is a multicultural country Slide7
Australians – Diverse Backgrounds
1Slide8
Australians – Diverse BackgroundsSlide9Slide10
Demographics
What points do you think are interesting?Slide11
From: “Migration,
Australia, 2014-15”, ABS,
3412.0
2Slide12
From: “Migration,
Australia, 2013-14”, ABS,
3412.0
3Slide13
From: “Migration,
Australia, 2014-15”, ABS,
3412.0
4Slide14
From:
The Scanlon Foundation, 2016, Mapping Social Cohesion: The Scanlon Foundation Surveys 2016
5Slide15
From: ABS, 2012, “Cultural Diversity in Australia”,
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census
,
2071.0
6
Ancestry =
先祖、祖先・・・Slide16
From: ABS, 2012, “Cultural Diversity in Australia”,
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census
,
2071.0
7Slide17
From: ABS, 2012, “Cultural Diversity in Australia”,
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census
,
2071.0
8Slide18
Diverse Backgrounds
What points do you think are interesting?Slide19
Australians – Diverse Backgrounds
7.5 million people have migrated to Australia since 1945
1 in 4
Australians was born overseas
Over 260 languages are spoken;
4 million people speak a language other than English
Over 270 ancestries are identified withSlide20
Demographic Overview
Very diverse population compared to the past
Increasing immigration from
Asia
Slightly decreasing immigration from UK/Europe
Why has this changed?Slide21
When and why did multiculturalism become “the norm” in Australia?Slide22
What is multiculturalism?Slide23
History of Government Policies
Towards Unrestrictive Immigration & Multiculturalism
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
9
?Slide24
History of Government Policies
Towards Unrestrictive Immigration & Multiculturalism
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?Slide25
Gold Rush (Chinese Miners) – 1850sSlide26
Japanese Workers – 1880s
(Pearl Divers, Sugar Cane Laborers)Slide27
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
* Fear of “Asian Invasion”
* Australian identity issuesSlide28Slide29Slide30
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
*
White Australia Policy
* Immigration Restriction Act 1901
Restricting immigration of non-Europeans
(non-British)Slide31
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
* Post WW2 – Immigration of displaced people
& refugees (inc.
Central/Southern Europeans
)
* Assimilationist PolicySlide32
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
*
Rejection of White Australia Policy
* Rejection of restricted immigration
Refugees from Vietnam… 1975-1985
* First “Multiculturalism” policy
* Racial Discrimination Act 1975Slide33
First Multiculturalism Policy
Birth of Multicultural Australia
Equal opportunities for all
Right to maintain culture
Special services and programs as necessary
Services and programs should be designed in consultation with migrants
Racial Discrimination Act 1975Slide34
First Multiculturalism Policy
Birth of Multicultural Australia
Equal opportunities for all
Right to maintain culture
Special services and programs as necessary
Services and programs should be designed in consultation with migrants
Racial Discrimination Act 1975Slide35
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
History of Government Policies
Towards Unrestrictive Immigration & MulticulturalismSlide36
Multiculturalism Policy Continues
Multiculturalism is a part of Australian identity
Evolution of Multicultural Australia
Right to express heritage, language and religion
Right to equality of treatment and opportunity
Develop & utilize the skills of all Australians
Obligation to accept basic principles of Australian society
Responsibility to accept the rights of others to express their culture and beliefsSlide37
Multiculturalism Policy Continues
Multiculturalism is a part of Australian identity
Evolution of Multicultural Australia
Right to express heritage, language and religion
Right to equality of treatment and opportunity
Develop & utilize the skills of all Australians
Obligation to accept basic principles of Australian society
Responsibility to accept the rights of others to express their culture and beliefsSlide38
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
History of Government Policies
towards unrestrictive immigration & multiculturalism
* Is multiculturalism just for “migrants” or for “all Australians”?
* An increase in negative public opinion towards multiculturalism?Slide39
From:
The Scanlon Foundation, 2016, Mapping Social Cohesion: The Scanlon Foundation Surveys 2016Slide40
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
History of Government Policies
towards unrestrictive immigration & multiculturalism
“Australian” Values > Migrant ValuesSlide41
Howard Government (1996-2007)
Support for Multiculturalism falls
Support for “cultural unity” & “assimilation” rises
Stressing Great Britain heritage of Australia
Migrants given too much money and too many special rights – “Hansonism”
Anti-Asian Sentiment – “Asian Invasion” – “Hansonism”Slide42
Howard Government (1996-2007)
Support for Multiculturalism falls
Support for “cultural unity” & “assimilation” rises
Stressing Great Britain heritage of Australia
Migrants given too much money and too many special rights – “Hansonism”
Anti-Asian Sentiment – “Asian Invasion” – “Hansonism”Slide43
Issues in the late 1990s/2000s
“Boat People” – Asylum Seekers & RefugeesSlide44
Issues in the 2000s
September 11 – Global Terrorism & Islamic ExtremismSlide45
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
History of Government Policies
towards unrestrictive immigration & multiculturalism
* Swing back towards positive view of multiculturalism
* Need to do more to help new and old migrants
adjust to their new lives
* Need to get rid of racism and discrimination
Slide46
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
History of Government Policies
towards unrestrictive immigration & multiculturalism
* Swing back towards positive view of multiculturalism
* Need to do more to help new and old migrants
adjust to their new lives
* Need to get rid of racism and discrimination
Slide47
1880s 1901 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s 1980s-1995 1996-2007 now
negative
positive
?
History of Government Policies
towards unrestrictive immigration & multiculturalism
But… there are always politicians who make negative comments about immigration and multiculturalism…Slide48
What is multiculturalism?Slide49
What are people’s attitudes towards multiculturalism, immigration and immigrants?
What trends can you find?Slide50
From: Scanlon Foundation, 2016, “Mapping Social Cohesion: Summary Report 2016”
10Slide51
From: Scanlon Foundation, 2016, “Mapping Social Cohesion: Summary Report 2016”
11Slide52
From: Scanlon Foundation, 2016, “Mapping Social Cohesion: Summary Report 2016”
12Slide53
From: Scanlon Foundation, 2014, “Mapping Social Cohesion: Summary Report 2014”
13Slide54
From: Scanlon Foundation, 2016, “Mapping Social Cohesion: Summary Report 2016”
14Slide55
What are people’s attitudes towards multiculturalism, immigration and immigrants?
What trends can you find?Slide56
Concluding Thoughts
Australia is definitely a multicultural country
The majority of the population have positive feelings towards multiculturalism and immigrantsSlide57
Concluding Thoughts
Australia is definitely a multicultural country
The majority of the population have positive feelings towards multiculturalism and immigrants
But there is still a lack of mutual understanding and discrimination
Overcoming this is vital for Australia and politicians can play an important roleSlide58
Selected References
“Migration, Australia, 2014-15”, ABS,
3412.0 , “Migration, Australia, 2013-14”, ABS,
3412.0
ABS
, 2012, “Cultural Diversity in Australia”, Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2710.0Australians Today: The Australia@2015 Scanlon Foundation Survey, Andrew Markus, 2016The Scanlon Foundation, 2016, Mapping Social Cohesion: The Scanlon Foundation Surveys 2016
The Scanlon Foundation, 2015, Mapping Social Cohesion: The Scanlon Foundation Surveys 2015The Scanlon Foundation, 2014, Mapping Social Cohesion: The Scanlon Foundati
on Surveys 2014
ABS, 2008, “Social Participation of Migrants”
The Scanlon Foundation, 2011, “Mapping Social Cohesion: Summary Report 2011”
ABS, 2006, “A Picture of the Nation
”
Nicola Henry, 2010, “A Multicultural Australia”
Australian Multicultural Advisory Council, 2010, “The People of Australia: The Australian Multicultural Advisory Council’s statement on cultural diversity and recommendations to government”
The Australians Government, 2010, “The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy”
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (Tom
Calma
), 2007, “Multiculturalism: A position paper by the Acting Race Discrimination Commissioner”
Elsa
Koleth
, 2010, Multiculturalism: a review of Australian policy statements and recent debates in Australia
and overseas (http://
www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2010-11/11rp06.pdf)