Stanley Milgram 1962 1974 In Milgrams Own Words What was Milgrams motive for studying obedience to authority SetUp Memory study 40 participants Experimenter Teacher and Learner confederate ID: 493362
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OBEDIENCE
Stanley Milgram
1962, 1974Slide2
In Milgram’s Own WordsWhat was Milgram’s motive for studying obedience to authority?Slide3
Set-Up“Memory” study40 participantsExperimenter, Teacher, and Learner (confederate)Slide4
InstructionsRead a series of word pairings, test learner’s memoryWrong answers received a shock
Teacher receives example shock (45 volts)Shock intensities increased as questions continuedSlide5
DeceptionLearner = confederateNo actual shocks administered“slight heart condition”Slide6
The ExperimentExperimenter urged to participants to complyLearner complains about heart condition, screams, eventually goes silent (unconscious? dead?)
SweatingHead rubbingSighsUneasinessNervous laughterChain smokingSlide7
ResultsOver 60% of participants complied to the endSlide8
Why Obey?The person giving the orders was close at handThe person giving the orders was perceived to be a
legitimate authority figure.The authority figure was from a prestigious institutionThe victim was depersonalized or perceived at a distanceThere were no role models for defiance, no other participants were seen disobeying the experimenterSlide9
DebriefingReconciliation between teacher and learnerNo harm doneSlide10
Ethical ConcernsIs it ethical to deceive a human into believing they are harming or even killing another human?Causes excessive cognitive dissonanceSlide11
Would people respond the same now?British Psychological Society (BPS)
Avoid intentional deception of clients unless: deception is necessary in exceptional circumstances to preserve the integrity of research or the efficacy of professional services; any additional safeguards required for the preservation of client welfare are specifically considered; and the nature of the deception is disclosed to clients at the earliest feasible opportunity.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Psychologists do not conduct a study involving deception unless
they have determined that the use of deceptive techniques is justified by the study’s significant prospective scientific, educational, or applied value and that
effective
nondeceptive
alternative procedures are not feasible.
Psychologists
do not deceive
prospective participants about research that is
reasonably expected to cause physical pain or severe emotional distress
.Slide12
Jerry Burger’s Modifications
Max. shock level = 150 voltsMilgram’s max. shock level = 450 volts“Carefully screened” participants to eliminate those who might experience negative reactions to the experiment.Milgram = average screeningSlide13
Human Nature60% of participants completed the study what does this say about human nature?
Wolves (are we inherently evil?)Sheep (are we naturally good and/or obedient?)Wolves SheepEvil GoodSlide14
Final ThoughtsIn a few sentences, explain your position concerning the question: Are humans naturally evil or naturally obedient?You must use
psychological evidence from social psychology (research study findings and/or vocabulary terms) to support your answer.