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Opinion Writing  Introduction to Public Opinion Opinion Writing  Introduction to Public Opinion

Opinion Writing Introduction to Public Opinion - PowerPoint Presentation

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Opinion Writing Introduction to Public Opinion - PPT Presentation

Important Link http worldpublicopinionorg Feature Writing by Sally Adams Art of Column Writing edited by Suzette Martinez Standring Introduction to Opinion Writing Media have been playing crucial role in molding public opinion Media play a leading role in the formation of public o ID: 655927

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Slide1

Opinion Writing

Introduction to Public Opinion

Important Link: http://

worldpublicopinion.org

Feature Writing by Sally Adams

Art of Column Writing edited by Suzette Martinez

Standring

Slide2

Introduction to Opinion Writing

Media have been playing crucial role in molding public opinion, Media play a leading role in the formation of public opinion.

Public Opinion is a collective expression and representation of Public feelings, wants and attitude towards a certain issue, incident, policy or event.

People who have interest in an issue or who can be affected by the outcome of the issue form public opinion about that particular issue.

Opinions are highly sensitive to the events, opinions, don’t anticipate event but react to them. Events trigger formation of the public opinion. Slide3

Why Public Opinion Matters?

Public Opinion is a great source of:

Determining current image of an individual/organization

Reveals need for the social change

Predicts developmental future of an organization or state

Proposes agendas

Policy formulation and Planning Slide4

Formation of Public Opinion

Sources of formation of Public Opinion:

Media

Interpersonal and Group Communication

Pressure Groups

Opinion Leaders

Political Lobby

Symposia, lectures, seminars and conferences: Brainstorming, sharing, constructing idea in a conducive environment, refine public opinion. Educates public opinion.Slide5

Difference between Fact, Argument and Opinion

Opinion is combination of facts, arguments and opinion. Arguments are statements backed by reasons, facts and examples. Arguments are logically organized.

Examples:

School teachers are hostile as there are number of cases reported in the India about increasing violence against children in school, local officials has 31 registered cases against primary teachers in nearby villages.

Interiors Ministry has issued strict orders against unregistered NGOs and Welfare organization in Pakistan so far 67 un registered NGOs are closed down in this week only. This is an important step to curb foreign aid and intervention but government should not over look the suspicious

activities going inside the registered organizations. Slide6

Introduction to Editorial Writing

Definition and Overview

Function of Editorial

Types of Editorial

Sources for Writing Editorials Slide7

Definition and Overview

Corporate voice or position of Media organization on any given issue of Public Interest.

A comment or an argument in support of a particular policy, action, idea. It can be an argument exhibiting logical reasoning of the newspaper using the thoughts of proprietor for the purpose of persuading the readers to take decision in favor or against an idea, policy or an action based on facts available. Slide8

Characteristics of Editorial

Editorial must be on the topical issue that has been reported in Mass Media

Issues must attract public attention and must engage masses in the debates

Reflections of different journalistic approaches (investigative, interpretative)

Editorial should reflect objectivity, precision, advocacy Slide9

Functions of Editorial

Criticize social, political, cultural and economic dilemmas of the society.

Critically assess exploitative and autocratic government policies can be attached by editorials.

Explain and analyze complex issues for public understanding

Bring debatable issues and provide intellectual compass for the society to discuss and resolve current issues.

I

nfluence policy formulation or decision making on certain issues. Set proactive agendas for good governance of the society.

Provide people with socio-political judgements

Preserve nations sacred institutions

Participate in meaningful developmental projects of the state.

Initiates pathway for lawmakers, initiates bills that eventually becomes laws

Mobilize populace to support good cause

Uncover inefficiency and mal administration Slide10

Types of Editorial

Explanatory:

Open and explain thought provoking issues of socio-political economic interest

Develop and build public interest in various issues.

Such editorial identify a problem, explain it and the allow the reader to find solution and draw conclusions.

Interpretative:

Interpretation

of given issue from various aspects

Leading the audience judgment in the certain way

Writer can take negative, positive or neutral stance while interpreting the issue.

Example: Reaction to the

Story Published on October 14, 2016 in Dawn News Slide11

Types of Editorial continue…

Critical:

Packaged with critical mission or mandate to propagate a specific view point.

Can include criticism of a policy, action, policy, performance and institution

Example: Abuse of Power

Published on October 14, 2016 in

The Nation

Praise

This type of editorial is written to acknowledge and appreciate an action, service or policy

Example: Peaceful Ashura Published on October 14, 2016 in Dawn News Slide12

Editorial Writing-Sources

Research for Editorial

News Reports

Press Files

Use of secondary research

Online data bases

Gazettes

Biographies

Books

Proceedings

Briefings

Observation and Field Research

Social Forums: Seminars, Conferences, Profound

Experts & Officials

Specialized Resources: Embassies and Bureaus

Slide13

Writing for Editorial

Qualities of good editorial Writer:

Intellectual Curiosity: Ability to probe issues from critical point of view

Mastery of Language

Good knowledge

Rational Reasoning

Analytical Mind

Analyzing pros and cons of an issue

Harmonize both opposing and supportive variables in an editorial structureSlide14

Structure of the Editorial

Title

Introduction/Lead Paragraph

Body Copy

Conclusion Slide15

Title

Should be Active, Catchy, Sharp

Should be able to provide useful hints

Types of title:

Questions: What a country? Can we improve?

Saying or quote: Arise O Compatriots? Bell the Cat!

Rhythmic: Sapped by NAB, Put up or Shut up Slide16

Introduction or Lead Paragraph

Lead paragraph should incorporate:

Brief

background of Issue

Appropriate length

News

peg: Part of the story that contains the main elements or major gist of the content

Should be able to provide a link to the details Slide17

Body Copy

Body of the editorial should

incorporate:

Analysis

and Discussion

Writing Approach

1.1 Problem identification- explanation- solution

1.2 Thesis-Anti thesis- synthesis

Quotes/phrases

Facts/arguments/opinionsSlide18

Conclusion

Last paragraph of the editorial, usually conclusion may be a re affirmation of earlier position/idea advocated by the editorial writer in the body of editorial.

It can have following formats:

Straight-Away summary

Quotable ending

Appeal for action Slide19

FINAL TERM EXAM Slide20

1. Distinctive characteristics of different opinion forms

Editorials

 

No byline

No illustrations

Result of group effort, topics assigned by editorial board.

Has a specific place and subject to limited space in newspaper regularly.

Corporate voice/Corporate concern

NO reporting speech

All glories, blames and credits may be go to the media establishment.

Features

 

Byline

Have photographic illustration

Usually individual effort

Usually appears in magazines, 2 spread sheet, is not subject to specific place.

Column

 

Carries personality, style and identity of writer.

Reporting speech I

Byline, style, positions, stance are manifest in write-ups.

Appears regularly on opinion page, regular feature.Slide21

Feature Writing

Feature: A

story/ article about people, event, place, life. It is written in an interesting and creative manner with info drawn from people involved, eye witnesses, experts on the subject and those affected by the subject.Slide22

Types of Features

News

feature:

It

can be defined as an in-depth examination of a current issue or event.

In-built advantage: There is already public interest in the subject matters.

Interpretative treatment of issues beyond the boundaries of straight forward reporting. These are human-interest features on victims, hospital staff, police and witnesses

Backgrounder:

About Background, context and circumstances

surrounding a news event.

For instance a

news law/bill is

passed. There might be features on history of law in state, lobbying efforts to push, halt legislation.

Investigative features:

May

comprise of statements, findings, documentation, detailed analytical

piece

Entails

narrative writing with chronological structures create a story telling format.Slide23

Types of Features

Profile features

Condensing person’s life history on one paper.

A good feature writer will search for the pivotal events/ circumstances that contributed to profile’s success.

Profiles are often someone who is newsworthy because of position, attitudes, beliefs, circumstances or association with a significant even.

Common questions: motivations? Inspirations? How did they get where they are?

Seasonal:

Features

of national day, defense day,

eid

, Christmas.

How-to-do-it:

Has

considerable practical importance. Opinion pieces for gardening, how to file taxation return.

Historical

:

Put

current events , individuals or circumstances into perspective. They remind the community where it has been where it might be going.Slide24

Feature Writing

Parts of Introduction:

Hook:

A hook is usually a comment/quotation/question that inspires an emotional response from the reader

Comment/Background/Topic Statement:

Add some information regarding the topic

Establish Final statement:

Open declaration of the topics

Example topic

: "Living in big city"

Hook

: Can you imagine how much a single day can cost if you live in Shibuya, Tokyo?

Comments and background

: Tokyo is one of the most expensive cities in the world. The prices of things in Tokyo are much higher than in other parts of Japan. Many people living in Tokyo have a difficult time paying for their lifestyles.

Thesis Statement

: Tokyo definitely is one of the most expensive cities for many reasons.Slide25

Types of Introduction

Historical

review

Anecdotal

Surprising

statement

Famous

person

D

eclarativeSlide26

Strategies for Writing a Conclusion

Conclusion should:

stress

the importance of the thesis statement,

give the essay a sense of completeness, and

Leave a final impression on the reader.Slide27

Suggestions

Answer

the question "So What?"

Show your readers why this paper was important. Show them that your paper was meaningful and useful.

Synthesize, don't summarize

Don't simply repeat things that were in your paper. They have read it. Show them how the points you made and the support and examples you used were not random, but fit together

.

Redirect your readers

Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use your paper in the "real" world. If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally.

Create a new meaning

You don't have to give new information to create a new meaning. By demonstrating how your ideas work together, you can create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts.Slide28

Strategies for Writing conclusions

1. Echoing

the introduction:

 Echoing your introduction can be a good strategy if it is meant to bring the reader full-circle. If you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay was helpful in creating a new understanding.

Example

Introduction

: From

the parking lot, I could see the towers of the castle of the Magic Kingdom standing stately against the blue sky. To the right, the tall peak of The Matterhorn rose even higher. From the left, I could hear the jungle sounds of Adventureland. As I entered the gate, Main Street stretched before me with its quaint shops evoking an old-fashioned small town so charming it could never have existed. I was entranced. Disneyland may have been built for children, but it brings out the child in adults.

Conclusion

: I

thought I would spend a few hours at Disneyland, but here I was at 1:00 A.M., closing time, leaving the front gates with the now dark towers of the Magic Kingdom behind me. I could see tired children, toddling along and struggling to keep their eyes open as best they could. Others slept in their parents' arms as we waited for the parking lot tram that would take us to our cars. My forty-year-old feet ached, and I felt a bit sad to think that in a couple of days I would be leaving California, my vacation over, to go back to my desk. But then I smiled to think that for at least a day I felt ten years old again.Slide29

Strategies for Writing conclusions

2. Challenging

the reader:

 By issuing a challenge to your readers, you are helping them to redirect the information in the paper, and they may apply it to their own lives.

Example

: Though

serving on a jury is not only a civic responsibility but also an interesting experience, many people still view jury duty as a chore that interrupts their jobs and the routine of their daily lives. However, juries are part of America's attempt to be a free and just society. Thus, jury duty challenges us to be interested and responsible citizens.Slide30

Strategies for Writing conclusions

3. Looking

to the future:

 Looking to the future can emphasize the importance of your paper or redirect the readers' thought process. It may help them apply the new information to their lives or see things more globally.

Example

: Without

well-qualified teachers, schools are little more than buildings and equipment. If higher-paying careers continue to attract the best and the brightest students, there will not only be a shortage of teachers, but the teachers available may not have the best qualifications. Our youth will suffer. And when youth suffers, the future suffers.Slide31

Strategies for Writing conclusions

4. Posing

questions:

 Posing questions, either to your readers or in general, may help your readers gain a new perspective on the topic, which they may not have held before reading your conclusion. It may also bring your main ideas together to create a new meaning

.

 

Example

: Campaign

advertisements should help us understand the candidate's qualifications and positions on the issues. Instead, most tell us how they present general images of the candidate as a family person or God-fearing American. Do such advertisements contribute to creating an informed electorate or a people who choose political leaders the same way they choose soft drinks and soap?Slide32

Presentation of Feature

Other than text features may also have:

Simple

fact: box

Complex facts: table

Added value boxes:

other relevant and recommended readings

Advice

boxes

Speed-read summary

Statistics

Pictures

Slug Slide33

Column Writing

Elements

of the

Columns:

Voice:

Writing Style of The columnist

POV:

Writing perspective of the columnist

Personal Bias:

Bias is acceptable but with accuracy and fairness

Goal of the Column Writer:

To encourage, To aware, To entertain

Fighting with Homogeneous Style:

Bringing Innovation & Creativity

Central Theme of The Column:

Focal Point of the Column

Story telling technique:

Narrate the issue in form of a story, personalize the issues to create a close connection with readers

Ordering the Writing

: Order the Writing so questions in a reader’s mind are answered in a logical sequence

Make Every word Count:

Use Short sentences, Careful selection of the words, Avoid

Repetition. Slide34

Column Writing Format

Column

Writing

Format:

Theatrical Treatment:

Getting character on stage, Presentation of the Character, Entering the Dilemma of the Story

Types of Introduction:

Express

Outrage, Curiosity, Belonging, Provocation, Humor, Shock, Discomfort

Body Text:

Arrange the Paragraphs Logical: Try to cover all angles of story

Conclusion:

Give the Reminder of the purpose, Leave the final impression on the reader’s mind. Slide35
Slide36
Slide37

Review Writing

Review

Writing:

A

critical assessment of aw art from form or aw entertainment. You have probably been speaking reviews since you first saw a movie.

Difference

between “listing and review”

Listing:

Connection

of fractural

information, only provides information about a movie, drama or book. Lacks critical analysis.

Review:

Describes work,

express

opinion and provides analysis about

about

an art form along with information. Leads Slide38

Difference

between tabloid and broadsheet review

Tabloids

:

: Short and

snappy, has a lot of sensational details, provides exaggerated claims about movies. Generally more concerned about entertainment values of the movie.

Broadsheet

:

Carefully argued reviews observer 1,000 words

; Critically analyses every aspect of movie.

Magazine:

Magazines

prefer short reviews 350 words, designers would not like to pack page with grey columns of words, glossy medium.Slide39

Writing Reviews-Movies

Considerations for review writers:

Must offer a good combination of description, analysis and criticism.

Should compare examples of previous works of an artist, director, writer. Provide an analysis of strengths and weaknesses.

Movie

review writers should

watch a movie from three perspectives:

As critic/reviewer:

To critically assess the over all movie

As

director:

To assess the technicalities of the movie

As Audience:

To assess the entertainment and engagement values of the movie

Develop framework (stance, favorable,

critical)

Arrangement of positive, negative points

Use past tense when writing review Slide40

Criteria for analysis

Cast

and Characters

Direction

Story, Script and Screen Play

Cinematography

Music Direction

Editing

Plot (Intro-Interval-Climax-Post Climax)

As audience

As critic

Big Picture: What movie contributes to cinema and society overall?

Commercial Success

Language analysis: List down terms/adjectives used in review. Slide41

Online Opinion Writing

Forums for publishing opinion online:

Blogs

News Blogs

Online Communities/Groups

Determine

your interest of writing

May

add reviews/commentaries, endorsements, debates, Narrative (personal account)

Blogs

often combine with video/audio, images, websites, and online sources

Catering

wide audience

Adding

values to the readers

Series

of posts Slide42

Features of Writing Online

Facility of user participation

Interactivity

/ Audience Feedback

Increased

Audience Feedback

Crowdsourcing: It allows crowd sourcing where number of participates can contribute at the same time.

Facilitates Online

Story Package – an online news story that uses multiple media (text, photos, video, audio, graphics) working together to tell a

story/opinion piece.

Provides Information

Graphic (Infographic) – a visual representation (graphs, charts, timelines, etc.) used to make facts or concepts easier to understand