Dept of VCC BORDETELLOSIS BORDETELLOSIS Bordetella also referred to as tracheobronchitis canine cough in dogs and feline bordetellosis in cats is a highly contagious respiratory disease in cats and ID: 918658
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Slide1
UNIT-5
Dr. Anil KumarAsst. ProfessorDept. of VCC
BORDETELLOSIS
Slide2BORDETELLOSIS
Bordetella (also referred to as tracheobronchitis, canine cough [in dogs], and feline bordetellosis [in cats]) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in cats and dogs/It is
caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica. It causes inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.Transmission:Direct contact (licking, nuzzling)
Through
the air (coughing or sneezing), or
via
contaminated fomites
.
Transmission can occur between dogs and cats.
Slide3Clinical
Signs:Dry, hacking cough (dogs)RetchingSneezingWatery nasal dischargePneumonia, inappetence, fever, and lethargy in severe
caseRisk Factors:Pets that come from shelters, rescue centers, breeding kennels, or pet storesBoarding at a kennelPets that participate in events/competitionsMultiple pet homes
Slide4Treatment:
Cough suppressants containing codeine derivatives, such as hydrocodone (0.25 mg/kg, PO, bid-qid) or butorphanol (0.05–0.1 mg/kg, PO or SC, bid-qid).
Antibiotics are usually not needed except in severe chronic cases; cephalosporins, quinolones, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline are preferable because they reach effective concentrations in the tracheobronchial mucosa.The antibiotic should be selected by culture and sensitivity tests of specimens collected by transtracheal aspiration or bronchoscopy.
Slide5Aerosolization treatment should be preceded by administration of bronchodilators.
Endotracheal injection of antibiotics (eg, gentamicin) is a possible alternative to aerosolization. Corticosteroids may help alleviate clinical signs but should be used concurrently with an antibacterial agent; they are contraindicated in severely ill, coughing dogs
.Antibiotics given PO or IM may not significantly reduce the numbers of B. bronchiseptica in the distal trachea or major bronchi. Thus, in severely affected dogs that are not responsive to parenteral antibiotics, kanamycin sulfate (250 mg) or gentamicin sulfate (50 mg) diluted in 3 mL of saline may be administered by
aerosolization
bid for 3 days
Slide6Prevention
:Immunized with modified-live virus vaccines against distemper, parainfluenza, and CAV-2, which also provides protection against CAV-1.
Commercial products frequently combine these agents and may include modified-live parvovirus and leptospiral antigens. An initial vaccination should be given at 6–8 wk and repeated twice at 3- to 4-wk intervals until the dog is 14–16 wk old. Revaccination should be performed annually.
When the risk of
B
bronchiseptica
infection is significant, a live,
avirulent
, intranasal vaccine or parenteral products containing subunit bacterial extracts should be used. A combination of an
avirulent
B.
bronchiseptica
and a modified-live
parainfluenza
vaccine is available for intranasal use. One inoculation is administered to puppies >3
wk
old.