1 Aim How did East Asia experience both tradition and change during the Ming and Qing Dynasties Do Now PairShare 1 What threatened the Ming Dynasty 2 How did they try to protect themselves ID: 305120
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Chapter 27 – Day 1 Aim: How did East Asia experience both tradition and change during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Do Now: Pair/Share 1) What threatened the Ming Dynasty? 2) How did they try to protect themselves?Slide2
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)Ming (“Brilliant”) dynasty comes to power after Mongol Yuan dynasty driven out
Founded by Emperor Hongwu (r. 1368-1398)
Used
traveling officials called
Mandarins & large number of eunuchs to maintain controlEmperor Yongle (r. 1403-1424) experiments with sea expeditions, moves capital north to Beijing – WHY?To deter Mongol attacksSlide3
The Great WallOrigins before 4th century BCE, ruins from Qin dynasty in 3rd century BCERebuilt under Ming rule, 15th-16th centuries1,550 miles, 33-49 feet high
Guard towersRoom for housing soldiersSlide4
Admiral Zheng He - From 1405 to 1433 Emperor sent a Muslim eunuch to lead Ming’s fleets across the Indian OceanIn 1435 court scholars convinced the emperor that voyages wasteful, encouraged foreign ideas, and ruin China
Emperor ended naval explorations and destroyed records of voyages
What if the Chinese had continued exploring??? Result?Slide5
Eradicating the Mongol Past – HOW?Ming emperors encourage abandonment of Mongol names, dress
Support study of Confucian classicsCivil service examinations renewed
Ming Decline
16
th century maritime pirates harm coastal tradeNavy, government unable to respond effectivelyEmperors secluded in Forbidden City, palace compound in BeijingHedonistsEmperor Wanli (r. 1572-1620) abandons imperial activity to eunuchsSlide6
Ming CollapsesFamine, peasant rebellions in early 17th centuryRebels take Beijing in 1644 (from Manchuria)Manchu fighters enter from the north and retake cityManchus refuse to allow reestablishment of Ming dynasty
Establish Qing (“Pure”) DynastySlide7
Qing Empire, 1644-1911 – Observations???Slide8
The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)Manchus originally pastoral nomads, north of Great WallEstablishes control over Korea, Mongolia, China
War with Ming loyalists to 1680Support from many Chinese, fed up with Ming corruptionManchus forbid intermarriage, study of Manchu language by Chinese, force Manchu hairstyles as sign of loyaltySlide9
Emperor Kangxi (r. 1661-1722)
Confucian scholar, poetMilitary conquests: island of Taiwan, Tibet, central Asia
Grandson Emperor Qianlong (r. 1736-1795) expands territory
Height of Qing dynasty
Great prosperity, tax collection cancelled on several occasionsThe “Son of Heaven”Ming, Qing Emperors considered quasi-divine
Hundreds of concubines, thousands of eunuch servants
Clothing designs, name characters forbidden to rest of population
The
kowtow
: three bows, nine head-knocks sign of obedience, respectSlide10
The Scholar-BureaucratsRan government on a day-to-day basisGraduates from intense civil service examinations (see article on Chinese cram schools on website)Open only to men
Curriculum: Confucian classics, calligraphy, poetry, essay writingAlso: history, literatureSlide11
The Civil Service Examinations – Why so important?District, provincial, and metropolitan levelsOnly 300 allowed to pass at highest levelMultiple attempts commonStudents expected to bring bedding, chamber pots for three-day uninterrupted examinations
Students searched for printed materials before entering private cells
Ferocious competition
Qing dynasty: 1 million degree holders compete for 20,000 government positions
Remainder turn to teaching, tutoring positionsSome corruption, cheatingAdvantage for wealthy classes: hiring private tutors, etc.But open to all, tremendous opportunity for social mobility -HOW?Slide12
Assessment1. Which of the following is not true of the Manchus?
A) They were nomads. B
) They came from Manchuria.
C
) They rejected Confucian principles in favor of a Mongol-style tribal council. D) They established the Qing dynasty. E) all of the above are true 2. Which of the following is true of China's civil service system?
A) It was a flexible system that focused on studying cutting edge scientific texts.
B) It was not very competitive.
C) It ensured that the most progressive men available governed China.
D) It guaranteed the central place of Confucianism in Chinese education.
E) It none of the above
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