China before Confucius Zhou Dynasty 1027 BCE 256 BCE Western Zhou 1046771 Feudal system of lords vassals amp fiefs Eastern Zhou Warring States Period 771221 No unified political system ID: 464636
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ConfuciusSlide2
China before Confucius
Zhou Dynasty – 1027 BCE - 256 BCEWestern Zhou (1046-771)Feudal system of lords, vassals & fiefs Eastern Zhou
/Warring States Period (771-221) No unified political systemSlide3
Confucius
551 BCE - 479 BCESlide4
Confucianism
Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and orderWhat is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order?
“only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed”a system of social and ethical philosophySlide5
Confucianism
Secular, humanist3 Confucian values:
xiao - filial pietyli - ritualren - humanenessSlide6
xiaoSlide7
Li
rites, ceremonies, proper behaviorSlide8
RenSlide9
Five relationships
father-childruler-subjecthusband-wifeelder brother-younger brotherfriend-friend
What are the 3 organizing principles of these relationships? Status, age, genderSlide10
Women & Confucianism
“Woman's greatest duty is to produce a son."Slide11
Sayings from the Analects
Knowing what he knows and knowing what he doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person who knows.
Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake. The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others.
To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.Slide12
Confucianism in Ancient China
persecuted in Qin Dynasty221 B.C. - 206 B.C.promoted during the Han dynasty and beyondSlide13
Confucianism in Ancient China
became key to orthodox state ideologyreinforced by the civil examination system“keju”: civil examination
from 605 CE to 1905 CESlide14
Taoism
Tao Te Ching or Daodejing
(The Way & the Power) establishes Taoist (Daoist) philosophy in China Tao – a force that flows through all life (nature); goal is to become one with Tao (follow the way) Te – one’s natural ability to peak by following the ‘way’Slide15
Philosophy emphasizes:
Naturalness –let nature guide youSpontaneityIndividual FreedomSimplicity Wu-wei – active non-action; use least amount of effort to get things done;
go with the flow!Slide16
Man is unhappy because he lives according to man-made laws,
customs & traditions that are contrary to the ways of nature
So…Reject formal knowledge and learning
Rely on the senses and instincts
Discover the nature and “rhythm” of the universeIgnore political and social lawsSlide17
Legalism
Legalists: advisers to rulers looking to strengthen their statescould be achieved by regulating every aspect of people’s lives through laws & punishments
legalist advisers were most influential in state of QinSlide18
Shi
Huangdi & LegalismA prince in Qin, became the 1st emperor
Many things achieved under Qin rule, but it was short-livedLesson learned? Force can unify but it is limited;
need to emphasize morality over law for stabilitySlide19
How is a
person to
live in a world dominated by chaos, suffering, and absurdity??
Confucianism
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Moral order in
society
Legalism
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Rule by harsh law &
order
Daoism
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Freedom for individuals and
less govt. to avoid
uniformity and
conformity
What's Your Philosophy of Life?