Adding Some Zing Remember from Before Listener interest Listener retention Adapting to the audience Sensitivity to different identities Augmenting delivery Language Choices Languages power ID: 468995
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Slide1
Stylistic Devices & Language
Adding Some ZingSlide2
Remember from Before…
Listener interest
Listener retention
Adapting to the audience
Sensitivity to different identities
Augmenting deliverySlide3
Language Choices
Language’s power
In the
beginning there was…
Denotation vs. connotation
(H. p. 265-268)
Be appropriate to
(H. 281-287):
Context
Topic
Audience expectations and identities
For example, gender-inclusion
Speaker identity and
ethicsSlide4
Use Don’t (over)Use
Accurate
Clear
Simple/Concise
Familiar
Concrete
Specific/Precise
See Hogan 268-275
Jargon
“Scale”
Abbreviations/acronyms
MMORPG
Clichés
Too many cooks in the kitchen…
Modifiers
Likely, generally, sometimesSlide5
Stylistic Devices/Figures
Engages audience
interest
Crafts mental
pictures
Increases persuasion
Makes more memorable
Emphasizes important points
Can
combine
devices
No fear here – it’s NOT awkward!Slide6
Metaphor
Definition: implied comparison achieved through a figurative use of words; a word is used not in its literal sense, but in one analogous to it. The two things are of unlike nature yet have something in common.
Example: But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. --
Martin Luther King, Jr., “I Have a Dream”
Example: My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.
-- William Sharp, The Lonely HunterSlide7
Image from Dinosaur Comics, at Qwantz.comSlide8
Conceptual Metaphors
Life
/
Journey
Going places
Getting a head start
Being at a crossroads
Violent Metaphors
Shoot (meaning: talk)Dying toWar on PovertyShot down (love, argument)Battle forBombshell (for pretty)Cut like a knifeCome charging in
Desire
/
Fire
Burning with desire
Warming up to someone
Looking hotSlide9
Memory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food. --
Austin O'Malley
Love is a snowmobile racing across the tundra and then suddenly it flips over, pinning you underneath. At night, the ice weasels come. --
Matt Groening
Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage. --
Shakespeare, Macbeth
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. -- Winston Churchill
Metaphor Practice:Slide10
Simile
Defined:
A comparison between two things that are not alike but have similarities. Unlike metaphors, similes employ
like
or
as
.
Example: He looked about as inconspicuous as a tarantula on a slice of angel food. -- Raymond ChandlerExample: The harpsichord sounds like two skeletons copulating on a corrugated tin roof. -- Sir Thomas Beecham Slide11
Her eyes are as blue as a robin's egg.
Let us go then, you and I,
While the evening is spread out against the sky,
Like a patient etherized upon a table...
-- T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred
Prufrock
Memories strike home, like slaps in the face;
Raised on elbow, I stare at the pale fog beyond the window. So many things I had thought forgotten Return to my mind with stranger pain:
Like letters that arrive addressed to someone Who left the house so many years ago.-- Philip Larkin, Why Did I Dream of You Last Night?Simile PracticeSlide12
Synecdoche
Defined:
the use of a part for the whole, or the whole for the part
Example: Give us this day our daily bread. --
Bible, Matthew 6
Example:
England won three gold medals. Slide13
Tom just bought a fancy new set of wheels.
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.
--
T. S. Eliot's the Love Song of J. Alfred
Prufrock
All hands on deck.Take thy face hence. -- Shakespeare, Macbeth V.iiiSynecdoche PracticeSlide14
Syllepsis
Defined:
use of a word with two others, with each understood differently, applying the same single word to convey multiple meanings
Example: We must all hang together or assuredly we will all hang separately. --
Benjamin Franklin
Example: His boat and his dreams sank. Slide15
You held your breath and the door for me —
Alanis
Morissette
Fix the problem, not the blame. — Dave Weinbaum
He lost the bet and his temper.
Bryant Gumble's well-publicized memo ticked off the Today show's troubles -- and other personalities on the top-rated show.
Syllepsis PracticeSlide16
Alliteration
Defined:
repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence.
Example: Calvin Klein
Example: Best Buy
Example: Let us go forth to lead the land we love.
--
J
. F. Kennedy, Inaugural Slide17
Veni
,
vidi
,
vici. -- Julius Caesar
Lady lounges luxuriously
Dark deep dread
Father is rather vulgar, my dear. The word Papa, besides, gives a pretty form to the lips. Papa, potatoes, poultry, prunes, and prism, are all very good words for the lips: especially prunes and prism. -- Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit
Alliteration PracticeSlide18
Chiasmus
Defined:
Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order and/or the reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses.
Example: Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
-- John F. Kennedy,
Inaugural
Your Country
You
Your Country
You
Subject
Object
Subject
ObjectSlide19
Your manuscript is both good and original; but the part that is good is not original, and the part that is original is not good.
-- Samuel Johnson
Don't sweat the petty things and don't pet the sweaty things.
Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done.
--
George W. Bush
I flee who chases me, and chases who flees me.
OvidFair is foul, and foul is fair. -- Shakespeare, Macbeth I.i
If black men have no rights in the eyes of the white men, of course the whites can have none in the eyes of the blacks. -- Frederick Douglass, An Appeal to Congress for Impartial Suffrage
Chiasmus PracticeSlide20
Parallelism
Repetition of words/phrases at either the beginning (anaphora) or end of a phrase (
epistrophe
)
Similar endings of adjacent or parallel words (
homioteuleton
)Slide21
Anaphora Example
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. -
- Winston Churchill Slide22
I'm not afraid to die. . . . I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to succeed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone. I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes. --
Kinky Friedman, When the Cat's Away
I think I could turn and live with animals, they are so placid and self-contained, I stand and look at them long and long. They do not sweat and whine about their condition, They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins, They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God, Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of owning things, Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago, Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.
-- Walt Whitman, Song of Myself, part 32
Anaphora PracticeSlide23
Epistrophe
Example: What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us.
— Ralph Waldo Emerson
Example: We are born to sorrow, pass our time in sorrow, end our days in sorrow.
Practice: Take whatever idiot they have at the top of whatever agency and give me a better idiot. Give me a caring idiot. Give me a sensitive idiot. Just don’t give me the same idiot.
-- Aaron Broussard, president of Jefferson Parish near New Orleans, speaking to CBS about FEMA Chief Michael Brown on Sep. 6, 2005Slide24
Homioteuleton
Example: He is esteemed eloquent which can invent wittily, remember perfectly, dispose orderly, figure
diversly
[sic], pronounce aptly, confirm strongly, and conclude directly
--
Peacham
Practice: My mother weeping, my father wailing, my sister crying, our maid howling, our cat wringing her hands.
-- Shakespeare, The Two Gentleman of VeronaSlide25
Paraprosdokian
Defined:
surprise or unexpected ending of a phrase or series
Example: It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried.
-- Winston Churchill
Example: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.
—
Groucho Marx Slide26
Paraprosdokian
Practice
Where there's a will, I want to be in it.
I want to die peacefully in my sleep like my father, not screaming and terrified like his passengers.
— Bob
Monkhouse
I belong to no organized party. I am a Democrat. — Will Rogers I haven't slept for ten days, because that would be too long. — Mitch Hedberg Slide27
Putting it all together…
Some extended examplesSlide28
Harriet.
Harr-i-ette
.
Hard-hearted harbinger of haggis.
Beautiful, bemused, bellicose butcher.
Un-trust...
ing
.
Un-know...
ing
.
Un-love...
ed
?
"He wants you back," he screamed into the night air
like a firefighter going to a window that has no fire...
except the passion of his heart.
I am lonely. It's really hard.
This poem...
sucks.
Alliteration
Homioteuleton
Anaphora
Simile
Paraprosdokian
Alliteration
MetaphorSlide29
And still of a winter's night, they say,
when the wind is in the trees,
When the moon is a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
When the road is a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
A highwayman comes riding
Riding
riding
A highwayman comes riding, up to the old inn door.
-- Alfred Noyes, The HighwaymanSlide30