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The Shift From The Shift From

The Shift From - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Shift From - PPT Presentation

Protest to Separation Level 2 Essential Questions How did colonial protests against Britain escalate What specific British policies incited public opinion in the colonies Vocabulary Zenger Case ID: 287637

colonies british tea colonists british colonies colonists tea act tax policies acts boston antagonized americans parliament money britain paper

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Slide1

The Shift From Protest to Separation

Level 2Slide2

Essential QuestionsHow did colonial protests against Britain escalate?What specific British policies incited public opinion in the colonies?Slide3

VocabularyZenger Case: Court case that promoted the freedom of the pressProclamation of 1763

: forbade the settlement west of the Appalachian MountainsSugar Act: tax on sugarCurrency Reform: didn’t allow colonist to use paper money and had to pay taxes in hard currency

Stamp Act

:

tax on paper

Declaratory Act

:

declared Parliament in control of colonies and could tax them

Townshend Acts

:

import tax on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea and gave the ability to search property

Boston Massacre

:

British soldiers killed five people that were part of the hostile crowd around them.

Tea Act

:

tax on tea

Intolerable Acts

:

closed the port of Boston, one town meeting a year, British officials charged with a crime would be tried in Britain, British officials could quarter troops wherever they chose in a town, allowed Catholicism and French civil law in Canada

Sons of Liberty

:

organization of rebels set on rebelling against British laws

Rebels

:

(Patriots) wanted to rebel against Britain and start their own country

Loyalists

:

loyal to the King and wanted to stay with Britain

Common Sense

:

pamphlet by Thomas Paine that called for the creation of an American independent republicSlide4

New British Attitude Toward Colonies Following Victory Over FranceThe British thought that the:

colonies could not protect themselvescolonies were not paying a fair amount toward their supportSlide5

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansZenger Case 1735

Zenger was the editor of the New York Weekly Journal and was sympathetic to the colonist’s position. Zenger was put on trial for charges of printing false and seditious statements about colonial officials.Andrew Hamilton, his lawyer, used the defense that Zenger's statements,

even if slanderous, were not wrong because they were true.

Even though the judge tried to persuade the jury to find him guilty,

the jury found Zenger innocent.

Importance of the Case:

Promoted the idea that freedom of the press was a right.Slide6

New British Policies Antagonized Many Americans

Proclamation of 1763: forbade the settlement west of the Appalachian MountainsWhy did the British make the Proclamation of 1763? After Pontiac’s rebellion in May of 1763, in which several Indian tribes joined together and attacked settlements and forts on the frontier, the British realized that they could not defend the frontier

and didn’t want more conflicts in it.

Why did the Proclamation of 1763 anger colonists?

They saw the French and Indian War as a way to open the Mississippi Valley and Ohio Valley for settlement.Slide7

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansIntroducing the Tax ActsSlide8

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansThe Sugar Act: (1764) replaced the Molasses Act; lowered duty on imported molasses to stop the smuggling of it by colonists and placed a tax on sugar, indigo, coffee, wines and linens.

Purpose: help pay for the protection of the coloniesImportance: raised the question of Britain’s right to tax the colonies without their actual representation in Parliament. Effect: colonists were upset about the tax since the money collected from it was revenue to pay for colonial expenses, instead of a tax to regulate tradeSlide9

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansCurrency Reform (1764): forbade colonists from issuing paper money. It had already been a requirement for New England since 1751 but it now applied to all colonies. It also made colonists pay taxes in hard money; silver and gold. Hard money was scarce in the colonies. Purpose: hard money is more secure than paper money. Slide10

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansThe Stamp Act: (1765) required certain documents be written or printed on paper carrying a stamp from the British treasury office

Purpose: raise money to protect the colonies What and who did this affect? commercial and industrial life in the colonies; lawyers, merchants and editors. These people had the ability to voice their objections to the tax. Effects: Due to Patrick Henry’s speech in the Virginia House of Burgesses they adopted the Virginia Resolves

which stated that

Parliament had no right to tax the colonies without their consent

and that only the House of Burgesses had the right to tax the Virginia colonists.

9 Colonies sent representatives to NY to attend the

Stamp Act Congress

. It denied “virtual representation

”. It claimed that only colonial legislatures could tax the colonists.

They agreed to not purchase the goods through the use of nonimportation agreements.

This showed that the colonies could work together.

The Sons of Liberty

coordinated the colonies resistance to British policy.

Brought to light the issues between Britain and the colonies:

Status of colonists in the British Empire

Taxation powers of Parliament over the colonies

Parliament

repealed the Stamp Act in 1766.Slide11

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansDeclaratory Act: (1766) stated Parliament held absolute power over the colonies in “all cases whatsoever.” This meant it had the right to tax the colonies.Slide12

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansThe Townshend Acts: (1767-1770) import

tax on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea. They were passed to regulate trade so they were the right of Parliament to do so as well as enforce. Established a Board of Commissioners in the colonies to enforce the Navigation Acts and enforce the collection of duties. Writs of Assistance: search warrants by British custom officials allowed them to search businesses, homes and ships for smuggled goods.Slide13

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansThe Townshend Acts (1767-1770) (Continued)

What was the purpose of the Townshend Acts? Raise money to defend the coloniesWhy did the colonists oppose them? They were taxes to raise revenue and not a commercial regulation.They were not represented in Parliament so they shouldn’t be taxed by them.Searching and seizing without probable cause was against natural law and should be void

.

How did the colonists resist the Townshend Acts?

Tarred and feathered custom agents

Harassed troops that had tried to keep peace and order

.Slide14

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansThe Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770): the same day the Townshend Acts were repealed by Parliament,

British soldiers killed five people that were part of the hostile crowd around them. Effects:published in newspapers in all of the colonies as a massacre against unarmed colonists in the form of engravings by Paul Revere and pamphlets by Samuel Adams anti-British feeling increasedFollowing the link below to view a short Video

http

://

www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/boston-massacre

Slide15

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansThe Tea Act (1773): Britain tried to help the British East India Company by allowing them to have direct shipment of tea from India to the colonies without having the tea go to London first in order to reduce the price of tea for the colonists and stop the smuggling of Dutch tea. This made British tea cost ½ of what the smuggled tea cost.

Why were the colonists against it? It was just another tax passed by Parliament on the colonistsEffect: The Boston Tea PartyAbout 60 men dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded 3 ships in Boston Harbor and threw 342 chests of tea worth about $15,000 into the harbor.

Following the link below to view a short Video

http

://

www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party

Slide16

New British Policies Antagonized Many AmericansIntolerable Acts: (1774) also known as the Coercive Acts

was a response to the Boston Tea Party and consisted of 5 acts. The Boston Port Act: closed the port of Boston until the colonists repaid the British East India Company for the tea that was destroyed

The Massachusetts Government Act

: only allowed one town meeting a year; colonists couldn’t elect representatives to the upper house of their legislature; they would be appointed by the Crown.

The Administration of Justice Act

: if officials of the Crown committed a crime while enforcing British laws, the trial could be moved to Great Britain.

The Quartering Act

(1774):

British officials could quarter troops wherever they chose in a town,

instead of in barracks provided by the colonies.

The Quebec Act

: to keep the loyalty of the French; allowed Catholicism and French civil law in Canada and

created the boundaries of Quebec as the Ohio River on the south, the Mississippi River on the west, and the Proclamation Line of 1763 on the east.

The colonists had two problems with this act:

Protestants hated the Catholics

Changed colonial charters claims to lands west of the Appalachian MountainsSlide17

Public Opinion was Shaped in Different ForumsPolitical bodiesSons of Liberty: was formed by a group of artisans and shop keepers in response to the Stamp Act

Loyalists: colonists who stayed loyal to the Crown throughout and after the American RevolutionRebels (Patriots): colonists that resisted British policies and eventually wanted independence which many of them fought forSlide18

Public Opinion was Shaped in Different ForumsPublic display and demonstrationBoston Tea PartyHarassment of the soldiers before the Boston Massacre

Tar and feathering of custom agentsSlide19

Public Opinion was Shaped in Different ForumsPrint media “Common Sense

”: pamphlet by Thomas Paine that called for the creation of an American independent republicWritten with emotional common languageSuggested the abolition of the Crown and nobilityWanted a republic to get its power only from the people it governedInfluenced the writers of the US Constitution and they prohibited grants of titles and nobility

Paul Revere: Engraving of the Boston Massacre

Thomas PaineSlide20

Public Opinion was Shaped in Different Forums“Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, 'tis time to part.” Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

“The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind.” Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776Slide21

Wide Variety of Viewpoints EvolvedComplete separationMore autonomy for the coloniesNo change in status quo: the Loyalist positionSlide22

Essential QuestionsHow did colonial protests against Britain escalate?What specific British policies galvanized public opinion in the colonies?