I American Struggle to Preserve Liberty Colonial Liberties Why they settled in America Freedom Most of the early settlers came to escape religious persecution Adventure Wealth Colonial Liberties ID: 486517
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Slide1
Chapter 16: Attempts at Liberty
I. American Struggle to Preserve LibertySlide2
Colonial Liberties
Why they settled in America
Freedom
Most of the early settlers came to escape religious persecution
Adventure
WealthSlide3
Colonial Liberties
Pilgrims
Plymouth Colony
Mayflower CompactSlide4
Colonial Liberties
Puritans
Settled near Boston
John Winthrop
View of government and the state
Other settlersSlide5
British Restrictions
Until 1763, colonies enjoyed freedom and prosperity
Between 1763-1774, new laws restricted colonial trade
Objections and resentmentSlide6
British Restrictions
Boston Tea Party
Response of Parliament
George III sent more troops
Quebec Act
Lexington and ConcordSlide7
American Independence
Attitude Toward War
Resistance
Colonists did not seek a rebellion or a war
Some colonists remained loyal to BritainSlide8
American Independence
Attitude Toward War
Perspectives of Christians
Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776Slide9
American Independence
Course of the War
George Washington
Saratoga
French support for colonists
Yorktown
Treaty of ParisSlide10
Constitutional Republic
Articles of Confederation
Ineffective
New Constitution
Republic
Three branches
FederalismSlide11
Constitutional Republic
Popular sovereignty
Bill of Rights
Constitution formally adopted in 1789Slide12
Chapter 16: Attempts at Liberty
II. French Destruction of the Old RegimeSlide13
Reasons for Discontent
Old Regime
Social Inequality
First Estate
Roman Catholic clergy
About ½%
Second Estate
Nobility
About 1½%Slide14
Reasons for Discontent
Social Inequality
Third Estate
About 98%
Lawyers, doctors, bankers, businessmen
Workers in cities and towns
PeasantsSlide15
Reasons for Discontent
Social Inequality
Peasants still had feudal obligationsSlide16
Reasons for Discontent
Political Inefficiency
King Louis XV
King Louis XVI
Indifferent and irresponsibleSlide17
Reasons for Discontent
Economic Irresponsibility
Unbalanced tax system
taille
capitation
vingtième
Some were able to avoid paying taxesSlide18
Reasons for Discontent
Economic Irresponsibility
Virtual bankruptcy
Participation in wars
Extravagant spending
Attempts to reduce national debt made matters worseSlide19
Beginning of the Revolution
Calling of the Estates-General
Dismissal of finance ministers
First meeting of Estates-General since 1614
Representatives chosen
CahiersSlide20
Beginning of the Revolution
Convening of the Estates-General
Third Estate quickly disillusioned
Instructed to vote as estates
Put Third Estate at disadvantageSlide21
Beginning of the Revolution
Forming of the National Assembly
Third Estate proclaimed themselves the National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
Louis ordered First and Second Estates to join themSlide22
Beginning of the Revolution
Storming of the Bastille
Rioting and looting by mobs
Search for weapons
Hôtel
des
Invalides
and Bastille stormed by mobsSlide23
Phases of the Revolution
Destruction of the Old Regime
Feudalism abolished
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Responses of LouisSlide24
Phases of the Revolution
Destruction of the Old Regime
Confiscation of Roman Catholic Church land
Assignats
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Juring
& nonjuring Slide25
Phases of the Revolution
Overthrow of the Monarchy
Louis and his family tried to flee France
ConstitutionSlide26
Phases of the Revolution
Overthrow of the Monarchy
Problems of the Legislative Assembly
Conservatives
Radicals
Moderates
Little public supportSlide27
Phases of the Revolution
Overthrow of the Monarchy
Problems of the Legislative Assembly
Jacobins
Jean-Paul Marat
George-Jacques Danton
Maximilien
de RobespierreSlide28
Phases of the Revolution
Overthrow of the Monarchy
Problems of the Legislative Assembly
Sans-culottesSlide29
Phases of the Revolution
Overthrow of the Monarchy
War with Austria and Prussia
Various reasons for war
Brunswick ManifestoSlide30
Phases of the Revolution
Overthrow of the Monarchy
Execution of the King
Danton became a virtual dictator
Widespread mobs
Louis XVI tried and found guilty of treasonSlide31
Phases of the Revolution
The Reign of Terror
The Committee of Public Safety
Twelve men
Led by Robespierre
Revolutionary Tribunal
Thousand of executionsSlide32
Phases of the Revolution
The Reign of Terror
The Committee of Public Safety
Levée
en masse
Successes against European coalition
Robespierre has Danton arrested and guillotinedSlide33
Phases of the Revolution
The Reign of Terror
The End of the National Convention
Directory
Council of Five Hundred
Council of Ancients
Inherited problems
Napoleon BonaparteSlide34
Chapter 16: Attempts at Liberty
III. The Napoleonic EraSlide35
Napoleon Bonaparte
Chosen by Directory
“New rules”
Peace with Austria
Invasion of Egypt
Blockaded by Lord Nelson
Abandoned his armySlide36
Overthrow of the Directory
Coup d’état
Three-man Consulate
First consul
Peace treaties with Austria and Britain
Domestic reforms
Code NapoleonSlide37
Overthrow of the Directory
Agreements with the Catholic churchSlide38
Creation of Napoleon’s Empire
Napoleon’s Crowning
Made First Consul for life
Proclaimed emperor of France
Crowned by the pope
Official end of the RepublicSlide39
Creation of Napoleon’s Empire
Napoleon’s Conquests
Could not defeat British navy
Defeated Austria and Russia at Austerlitz
Dissolved Holy Roman Empire
Defeated Prussia
Continental SystemSlide40
Napoleon’s Downfall
Treatment of defeated nations
Nationalistic pride
GuerrillasSlide41
Napoleon’s Downfall
Disaster in Russia
Napoleon declared war
Grand Army of 600,000
Invasion
Scorched-earth policy
Reached Moscow
Decimated as they retreatedSlide42
Napoleon’s Downfall
Defeat and Exile
Defeat at the Battle of Nations
Napoleon forced to abdicate
Sent to Elba
Escaped from Elba and returned to ParisSlide43
Napoleon’s Downfall
Defeat and Exile
Battle of Waterloo
Duke of Wellington
Banished to St. Helena
Died there six years later