The ability to cause a change or the capacity to do work is called what ENERGY Lesson 1 What is Energy There are two kinds of energy amp they are what KINETIC amp POTENTIAL ENERGY The energy of motion is called energy it increases when velocity increases Energy that ID: 707086
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Slide1
Chapter 5 “Energy & Energy Resources”Slide2
The ability to cause a change or the capacity to do work is called what?
ENERGY
Lesson 1
:
What is
Energy?Slide3
There are two kinds of energy & they are what?
KINETIC & POTENTIAL ENERGY
The energy of motion is called____________ energy, it increases when velocity increases. Energy that is stored & held in readiness is called ____________ energy.
KINETIC
POTENTIALSlide4
Types of Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
STANDING WITH YOUR ARMS STARIGHT UP
SITTING ON A ROLLAR COASTER AT THE TOP OF HILL
DOING JUMPING JACKS
SITTING IN A CHAIR
HOLDING AN ARROW IN A BOW
DUNKING A BASKETBALL
RUNNING IN A MARATHON
WALKING THROUGH THE HALLS AT SCHOOL
LAYING ON A SOFA WATCHING TVSlide5
The amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic & potential energies usually associated with motion or position of an object is called what?
MECHANICAL ENERGYSlide6
JOULES (J)
If Force is measured in
Newton’s; what is Energy measured in then?
When weight is measured in Newton’s & height is measured in meters, the unit of energy is the Newton-Meter or the Joule (J).Slide7
Energy that is made up small particles, called atoms & molecules; the faster the movement of particles the warmer it becomes; this is what kind of energy?
THERMAL ENERGYSlide8
Energy that is potential energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical bonds together is called what?
CHEMICAL ENERGYSlide9
Kinetic Energy that is moving electric charges that produce electricity is called what?
ELECTRICAL ENERGYSlide10
A disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave & carries energy is called what?
SOUND ENERGY OR A
SOUND WAVE
10Slide11
Energy that travels in waves such as visible light, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves & infrared radiation are called what?
LIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETIC OR
RADIANT) ENERGYSlide12
Energy stored in the nucleus of a atom & released during nuclear reactions is called what?
NUCLEAR ENERGYSlide13
What renewable resource uses thermal energy from Earth’s interior & produces almost no pollution?
GEOTHERMAL ENERGYSlide14
What renewable resource uses
energy from flowing water to produce electricity within a turbine is called what?
HYDROELECTRIC
ENERGYSlide15
Lesson 2: Energy Conversions
A change from one form of energy to another is called what?
ENERGY TRANSORMATION OR CONVERSION
“Most forms of energy can be converted into
other
forms of energy.”Slide16
There are two kinds of Potential Energy and they are what?
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY & GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
ELASTIC ENERGY FROM
THE BOW
GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY FROM LIFTING SOMETHING OFF
THE GROUNDSlide17
There are many ways Energy can be converted…
1. CHEMICAL ENERGY
when you eat (chemical to mechanical)
Photosynthesis (light to chemical)
2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
alarm clock (light & sound energy)
light bulb (light & thermal energy)
3. ENERGY &
MACHINES
Riding a bike (chemical to mechanical &
potential to kinetic)Slide18
Types of Energy
Chemical
Thermal
Electrical
Light
Sound
Nuclear
Energy
can be transferred from one from of energy to an other. How many different energies can be used in each picture? Which one has no energy transformation?
X
(if it’s a gas stove)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XSlide19
Lesson 3: Conversion of Energy
The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each is called what?
FRICTION
The strength of the force of friction depends on two factors:
the types of surfaces & how hard the surfaces push together.Slide20
More Friction =
More Resistance & More Heat
Less Friction =
Less Resistance & Less HeatSlide21
There are four different kinds of friction…
__________ prevents surfaces from sliding past each other. When solid surfaces slide over each other, the kind of friction that occurs is called
___________.
When an object rolls over a surface, the kind of friction that occurs is called
__________.
The force need to overcome this friction is much less than the force needed to overcome sliding friction. The last kind occurs when an object moves through a liquid which is called
_________.
SLIDING
ROLLING
FLUID
STATICSlide22
FLUID FRICTION
SLIDING FRICTION
ROLLING FRICTION
STATIC FRICTIONSlide23
Making Conversions More Efficient…
ENERGY CONVERSIONS THAT ARE MORE EFFICIENT END UP WASTING LESS ENERGY (AERODYNAMICS)Slide24
Chapter 6 “Heat & Heat Technology”Slide25
25
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material is called what?
TEMPERATURE
Scientists use Kelvins (K),
Fahrenheit (°F) &
Celsius (°C).
Lesson 1: TemperatureSlide26
An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance is known as what?
26
THERMAL EXPANSIONSlide27Slide28
The temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 on the Kelvin scale or -273.16°C on the Celsius scale) is known as what?
28
ABSOLUTE ZEROSlide29
The movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature is called what?
29
Lesson 3: What
is Heat?Slide30
Energy that is made up small particles, called atoms & molecules; the faster the movement of particles the warmer it becomes; this is what kind of energy?
THERMAL ENERGYSlide31
The transfer of energy as heat through material is known as what?
31
THERMAL CONDUCTIONSlide32Slide33
A material through which energy can be transferred as heat is what?
33
THERMAL CONDUCTOR
METALS (COPPER & IRON)Slide34
A material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat is called what?
34
THERMAL INSULATORSlide35
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another is called what?
35
CONVECTIONSlide36
What is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter?
36
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is called what?
CONDUCTION
RADIATIONSlide37
The quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material (the same) 1 K or 1°C in a specified way given constant pressure and volume is what?
SPECIFIC HEATSlide38
The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. They are Solids, Liquids or Gases.
38
Lesson 3: Matter
& HeatSlide39
There are Three States of Matter…
Solids, Liquids & Gas
A ________ has a definite volume & definite shape. Unlike a solid, a ________ has no shape of its own.
Not at all like solids & liquids, a
_____ can change volume very easily because it has neither shape or volume.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
39Slide40
Another State of Matter is
called __________.
Electricity,
fire
& lightning
are an
examples.
40
PLASMASlide41
The change of a substance from one physical state to another is called?
41
A CHANGE IN STATE
(Examples include: freezing, melting, boiling & condensing)Slide42
The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called what?
The change of a state from a liquid to a solid is called what?
42
MELTING
FREEZING
“I’M
MELTING!”Slide43
The opposite of vaporization; where
gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid is called?
43
CONDENSATIONSlide44
The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what?
There are two kinds of vaporization and they are what?
44
VAPORIZATION
EVAPORATION &
BOILING (
100°C/212°F
)Slide45
45
This occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas.
SUBLIMATION
Dry Ice is an Example of SublimationSlide46
How do you measure how many Calories of energy are in a certain amount of food? Because the Calorie is a measure of energy, it is also a measure of heat. A calorimeter is a device that measures heat.