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Drinking Water Treatment Drinking Water Treatment

Drinking Water Treatment - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-03-08

Drinking Water Treatment - PPT Presentation

Holly ShorneyDarby PE PhD Drinking Water How important is it Can you live without water Drinking Water How important is it Can you live without water Without food three weeks Without water one week ID: 643396

jar water symptoms caused water jar caused symptoms include diarrhea canal abdominal fever fresh discomfort bacteria treatment observations people vomiting experimental body

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Slide1

Drinking Water Treatment

Holly Shorney-Darby, PE, PhDSlide2

Drinking Water – How important is it?Can you live without water?Slide3

Drinking Water – How important is it?Can you live without water?

Without food, three weeksWithout water, one week

65% of body is waterSlide4

Drinking Water – How important is it?Can you live without water?

Without food, three weeksWithout water, one weekWhat do we do with water?Drink (hydrate)CookCleanWash

Others?

65% of body is waterSlide5

Where do we get water?Slide6

Where do we get water?What is the biggest body of water?

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanwater.htmlSlide7

Where do we get water?What is the biggest body of water?

Earth’s WaterOceans make up 97 percent

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanwater.htmlSlide8

Where do we get water?What is the biggest body of water?

Earth’s WaterOceans make up 97 percentIce caps hold about 2 percent

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanwater.htmlSlide9

Where do we get water?What is the biggest body of water?

Earth’s WaterOceans make up 97 percentIce caps hold about 2 percent Less than 1 percent is fresh water

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanwater.htmlSlide10

Poetic words from a thirsty man in a boat on the ocean in 1797Slide11

“Water, water, everywhere,And all the boards did shrink;Water, water, everywhere,Nor any drop to drink.”

― Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Poetic words from a thirsty man

in a boat

on the ocean

in 1797Slide12

Seawater as a sourceRemoving salt from water is difficult and expensiveDistillation takes a lot of energy!

Only done in areas where fresh water is not availableWhere would desalination be used?Desert communitiesAlong a coastOn a islandSlide13

Fresh water sourcesSlide14

Fresh water sourcesRivers, lakes, streams, dammed reservoirsSlide15

Fresh water sourcesRivers, lakes, streams, dammed reservoirsGroundwater can also be fresh water

Pumped up to surfaceSlide16

Cities are always near fresh water

LondonSlide17

Cities are always near fresh water

London

ParisSlide18

Cities are always near fresh water

London

Paris

Kansas CitySlide19

Cities are always near fresh water

And when there is no more water nearby, we pump it to them

London

Paris

Kansas CitySlide20

San Francisco, CaliforniaSlide21

Water is not inherently cleanSlide22

ExperimentCanal waterFull of colour (organics)

Coagulation is used to capture colour in flocsFlocculation makes flocs big enough to settleSedimentation removes them from waterNeed to start experiment to show coagulation and flocculationSlide23

ExperimentCoagulant = ferric chlorideFeCl

3 + H2O---> Fe(OH)3 + Cl3

While coagulating and flocculating, colour sticks to the solids and is removed from the water

Solid, built up with mixing (flocculation)Slide24
Slide25
Slide26
Slide27

Experimental set upThree jars tested with ferric chlorideAdd 1 mL, 2 mL, and 3 mL

One jar – brewed teaAdd 6 mL – (this is an experiment!! Might not work)Mixing is importantAbout one minute rapid mixing10 minutes at medium speed10 minutes at lower speed

10 minutes at lowest speedSettle for 10 or more minutesSlide28

Experimental Observations

Jar 1

Jar 2

Jar 3

Jar 4Slide29

Experimental Observations

Jar 1

Jar 2

Jar 3

Jar 4

Water

Canal

Canal

Canal

TeaSlide30

Experimental Observations

Jar 1

Jar 2

Jar 3

Jar 4

Water

Canal

Canal

Canal

Tea

FeCl3

1mL

2mL

3mL

6mLSlide31

Experimental Observations

Jar 1

Jar 2

Jar 3

Jar 4

Water

Canal

Canal

Canal

Tea

FeCl3

1mL

2mL

3mL

6mL

Observations

Visible floc?

Color floc?

Clarity after settlingSlide32

Should you drink fresh, untreated water?Slide33

NO!!Slide34

WHY?Slide35

Even clear water can contain things that will make you very sickSlide36
Slide37

Bad things in that gulp of waterCryptosporidium

and GiardiaCausing cryptosporidiosis and giardiasisFrom mammals ‘ (including people!!) poo in waterSlide38

Amebiasis: caused by protozoa. Symptoms include fatigue, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort and weight loss.Campylobacteriosis: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever.

Cholera: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include muscle cramps, vomiting and diarrhea.Cryptosporidiosis: caused by protozoa. Symptoms include diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.Giardiasis: caused by protozoa. Symptoms include diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.Hepatitis: caused by a virus. Symptoms include fever, chills, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal discomfort.

Shigellosis: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include bloody stool, diarrhea and fever.Typhoid fever: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include fever, headache, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and an abdominal rash.Viral gastroenteritis: caused by a virus. Symptoms include gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, fever and headache.Slide39

Amebiasis: caused by protozoa. Symptoms include fatigue, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort and weight loss.

Campylobacteriosis: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever.Cholera: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include muscle cramps, vomiting and

diarrhea.Cryptosporidiosis: caused by protozoa. Symptoms include diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.

Giardiasis: caused by protozoa. Symptoms include

diarrhea

and abdominal discomfort.

Hepatitis: caused by a virus. Symptoms include fever, chills, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal discomfort.

Shigellosis: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include bloody stool,

diarrhea

and fever.

Typhoid fever: caused by bacteria. Symptoms include fever, headache, constipation,

diarrhea

, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and an abdominal rash.

Viral gastroenteritis: caused by a virus. Symptoms include gastrointestinal discomfort,

diarrhea

, vomiting, fever and headache.Slide40

Waterborne illnessIn USA – average of 6 people a year die Slide41

Waterborne illnessIn USA – average of 6 people a year die

From the World Health Organization3.4 million people, mostly children, die annually from water-related diseasesSlide42

Waterborne illnessIn USA – average of 6 people a year die

From the World Health Organization3.4 million people, mostly children, die annually from water-related diseasesMany places, like India, South and Cental America, Mexico, and some nations in Africa have no ability to treat water, and these deaths occur

We are lucky in Europe, Australia, Russia, USA, Canada – to have the ability to treat water and live virtually waterborne illness free.Slide43

How to treat water for drinkingWe use barriers or treatment steps

The main step is disinfectionTypically chlorineWhere water is not clear, or has a weird taste or smell, other treatment is neededAlgae leave smells and tastes in waterLeaves and dirt leak organics into water (same happens when making a cup of tea)

Coagulation is usedParticles and some microbes removed by filtrationSlide44

Typical treatment steps

in developed areasSlide45

Typical treatment steps

in North HollandSlide46

Typical treatment steps

in poor communitySlide47

Typical treatment steps

in poor communitySlide48
Slide49

Coagulation and flocculationSlide50
Slide51
Slide52

People working with waterEngineersConstruction

BiologyChemistryPublic HealthCity or Community PlannersMarketing and communicationsUniversitiesSlide53

Highly specialized fields...Slide54
Slide55
Slide56

My experienceEnjoyed math/scienceNearly fainted at blood drive – so medical career out

University (4 years) after S7Engineering departmentCivil engineering – water course as specialtyMasters degreeTwo years doing jar tests for different coagulants to remove iron from water (causes stains)Complete focus on water – chemistry, engineering, mixing, hydraulicsSlide57

My experienceJob at engineering companyHelping water companies comply with regulations

Worked all over the USAWon a research project with a universityPhD – 5.5 yearsCompletely specialilzed courses for water and public healthResearch is lab (more jar tests!) for colour removal and reaction with chlorine

Environmental engineering departmentSlide58

Helping othersWater for peopleWater aid

PWN – treatment units to hurricane sitesSlide59
Slide60

Experimental Observations

Jar 1

Jar 2

Jar 3

Jar 4

Water

Canal

Canal

Canal

Tea

FeCl3

1mL

2mL

3mL

6mL

Observations

Visible floc?

Color floc?

Clarity after settlingSlide61

anybody thirsty?