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Gerais,Brazil,29October2001,collectedbyA.S.Guimaraes-NetoandJ.B.Isaac,Jr.Paratypes.—Collectedinthetypelocality:MNRJ27539,adultfemale,22October2001,byR.N.FeioandA.S.Guimaraes-Neto;MNRJ30608,adultfemale,12–13December2002,byA.S.Guimaraes-Neto,C.A.G.Cruz,R.N.Feio,L.B.Nascimento,andJ.P.Pombal,Jr.Diagnosis.—AspeciesressemblingP.de-imaticusP.rupestriswasdiagnosedbythefollowingcharacters:(1)relativelysmallsize(SVL23.2mminmale,26.2–26.6mminfemales);(2)snoutroundedindorsalviewandprotrudinginprole;(3)vomerine,premaxil-lary,andmaxillaryteethabsent;(4)relativelengthsofngersIIIII;(5)dorsalskinslightlyrugose,ventralskinsmooth,andproximalundersurfacesofthighsgranular;(6)parotoidglandsabsent;(7)inguinalglandslarge,ovoid,lightbrownwithablack,whiteoutlinedocellusontheirposteriorhalf;(8)dorsumlightgrayishbrownwithelongatelongitudinalgrayishdarkbrownstripesandblotches;(9)venterwhitewithgraymottling;(10)ventralsurfacesofarms,hands,thighs,tibiae,feet,andinguinalregionbrightred.Comparisonswithotherspecies.—Physalae-musdeimaticusP.erythros,andP.rupestrisareexcludedfromtheP.biligonigerusspeciesgroupofLynch(1970)bythesmallersize(combinedSVLofthethreespecies,15.9–23.2mminmales,17.2–26.6mminfemales;ofthespeciesintheP.biligonigerusgroup,40–45mm),relativelyslenderbuild(chubbyinbiligonigerusgroup),tarsaltubercleabsent(presentinP.biligonigerusgroup),innermetatarsaltubercleovoidandoutermetatarsaltuberclerounded(enlarged,compressedmetatarsaltuberclesinP.biligonigerusgroup),andabsenceofpremaxillaryandmaxillaryteeth(presentinP.biligonigerusgroup,exceptP.nattereri).FromtheP.pustulosusgroup,bythedorsalskinrugose(tuberculateinpustulosusgroup),inguinalglandspresent(absentinP.pustulosusgroup),absenceofparotoidandankglands(presentinpustulosusgroup),andtarsaltubercleabsent(presentinP.pustulosusgroup,exceptandP.pustulatus).Fromthegroup,bythedorsalskinrugose(smoothinP.signifergroup),snoutroundedindorsalview(acuminateinP.signifergroup),noblacklateral,denedbandfromeyetogroin(presentinP.signifergroup),concealedtympanum(evidentinP.signifergroup,exceptP.maculiventrisandP.olfersi),andinnermetatarsaltuberclepresent(absentingroup).FromtheP.cuvieribytheabsenceoftarsaltubercle(innertarsal .1.—DorsalandventralviewsofPhysalaemuserythrossp.nov.(MNRJ27986,holotype,SVL23.2mm). 522HERPETOLOGICA[Vol.59,No.4 tuberclepresentinP.cuvierigroup),presenceoflargeinguinalglands(lackorsmallinguinalglandsinP.cuvierigroup),andabsenceofpremaxillaryandmaxillaryteeth(presentinP.cuvierigroup).PhysalaemuserythrosisdistinguishedfromP.deimaticusandP.rupestris(seeCaramaschietal.,1991;Nascimentoetal.,2001;SazimaandCaramaschi,1988)bythegreatersize(SVL21.4mminmale,24.2–24.4mminfemalesofP.deimaticus;15.9–18.3mminmales,17.2–17.9mminfemalesofP.rupest-)andtheshapeofthesnout,whichismoreelongate,roundindorsalviewandprotrudinginprole(short,slightlyacuminateindorsalviewandtruncateinproleinP.deimaticusseegures2–3inSazimaandCaramaschi,1988;short,roundedindorsalandlateralviewsinP.rupestris,seegures2A–BinCaramaschietal.,1991).Thecolorpatternoftheinguinalglandsislightbrownwithablack,whiteoutlinedocellusontheposteriorhalf(inguinalglandsdarkbrowntoblackwithanelightbrowntowhiteborderinP.deimaticusP.rupestris).Thereisalsoabrightredcolorontheventralsurfacesofthearms,hands,thighs,tibiae,feet,andinguinalregion(hands,feet,andinguinalregionpinktolightredinP.deimaticus;palmsandsolesreddishwithscatteredblackdotsinP.rupestrisDescriptionofholotype.—Generalaspectrobust;headslightlylongerthanwide;headwidthapproximatelyone-thirdSVL;snoutroundedindorsalview(Fig.2A),protrudinginprole(Fig.2B);nostrilsslightlyprotuber-ant,directedanterolaterally,nearertotipofsnoutthantoeyes;internarialdistanceslightlysmallerthaneye–nostrildistance,equaltouppereyelidwidth;canthusrostralisrounded,slightlyconcave;lorealregionconcave;eyelateral,slightlyprotuberant;eyediameterlargerthaninternarialandinterorbitaldis-tances;tympanumconcealed;supratympanicfoldindistinct;vocalsacpoorlydeveloped,subgular;vocalslitspresent;choanaelarge,rounded,widelyseparated;tonguenarrow,long,notnotchedposteriorly;vomerine,pre-maxillary,andmaxillaryteethabsent;asingle,verysmallodontoidprocessprotrudesdorsallyfromthesymphysisofthementomeckeliancartilage.Armsrobust,forearmsslightlyhy-pertrophied;foldandcrestonforearmabsent;ngerslong,slender,lackingwebbing(Fig.2C);lateralsidesofngersweaklyfringed;nuptialpadlarge,subdividedamongprepoll-icalregionanddorsalsurfaceofngerI;subarticulartuberclessingle,round;innermetacarpaltubercleabsent;outermetacarpaltuberclelarge,ovoid;supernumerarytuber-clespresent;tipofngersslightlyexpanded;relativelengthsofngersIIIII.Legsrobust;tibialengthshorterthanthighlength;sumoftibiaandthighlengthslessthanSVL;footlengthlongerthanlengthsofbothtibiaandthigh;toeslong,free,weaklyfringed(Fig.2D);tarsaltubercleabsent;innermeta-tarsaltuberclelarge,ovoid,protruding;outermetatarsaltuberclesmall,conical,protuber-ant;subarticulartuberclessingle,round,pro-truding;supernumerarytuberclesabsent;tipoftoesslightlyexpanded;relativelengthsoftoesIIV;tarsalfold,crest,andtuberclesabsent.Inguinalglandslarge,ovoid,withanocellusonposteriorhalf.Dorsalskinslightlyrugose,ventralskinsmooth;proximalundersurfacesofthighsgranular.Inlife,groundcolorofdorsumgrayishlightbrownwithirregular,longitudinalgrayishdarkbrownstripes;anirregulargrayishdarkbrownblotchoneachuppereyelid;adarkbrown,whiteoutlined,longitudinalandsemidividedmarkfromshouldertoregionofurostyle;dorsalsurfacesofarmsandlimbsgrayishlightbrownwithgrayishdarkbrowntransversestripesandbars.Lorealregiongraydorsallyandgrayishbrownventrally.Adistinctlateralblackstripefromposteriorcornerofeyetogroin,dorsallyoutlinedbyawhiteline;smallwhitedotsscatteredwithinthislateralblackstripe.Inguinalglandslightbrownwithablack,whiteoutlinedocellusontheposteriorhalf.Gularregiongray,venterwhitewithgraymottling.Redblotchextendingfromlateralregionsofchestandproximalundersurfacesofarmstoelbow.Ventralsurfacesofhandsandngersred.DorsalsurfacesofhandsandngersIIIandIVgrayishred,ngersIandIIred.Alargeredblotchextendingfrominguinalregiontomiddleofventralsurfaceofthighsandimmediatelybelowanalregion.UndersurfacesoftibiaeandinternalareaoffeettotoesI,II,andIII,red;toesIVandVgrayishredwithsubarticulartuberclesred;metatarsaltuberclesred.Irisyellowwithintenseblackvermiculation.Inpreservative,generalcolorbecomesgraywithdarkgray December2003]HERPETOLOGICA523 marksondorsum,grayishcreamonarmsandlimbs;redcolorfadestocream.Measurementsofholotype.—SVL23.2;HL7.8;HW7.5;IND1.8;END1.9;ED2.4;UEW1.8;IOD2.2;THL10.3;TL10.0;FLMeasurementsofparatypes.—SVL26.2–26.6;HL7.5–7.9;HW8.1;IND1.8–1.9;END1.9;ED2.4–2.7;UEW1.9–2.0;IOD2.3–2.5;THL10.7–11.2;TL10.6–10.8;FL12.2–12.8.Variation.—Besidesthemeasurementsanddetailsofcolorpatterninvolvingtheshapeofthedorsalmarksandminordifferencesintheextensionofredareas,thereislittlevariationamongthetypespecimens.Thissmallvaria-tionincolorprobablyisnotassociatedwithsexualdimorphism,asalsoreferredtorupestrisbyNascimentoetal.(2001).Themaleholotypehasslightlyhypertrophiedarms;therstngerhasanuptialpad;thevocalsacispoorlydeveloped;andtheventerhasanermottling.ThefemaleparatypeMNRJ27539hasaslimaspectandtheventeriswithered,whichsuggestsrecentegglaying.Etymology.—Thespecicname‘‘erythrosmeaning‘‘red,’’isaGreekadjectiveusedinreferencetotheremarkablybrightventralcolorpatternofthespecies.ThespecimenswerecollectedattheSerradoItacolomi,intheEspinhac¸oMountainRange,inanephemeralpondatapproximately1600mabovesealevel.Thispondconsistsofarain-oodeddepressionofapproximately800mlocatedinarockyeldcalled‘‘camporupestre,’’withbushesandsmalltreesonasandysoilpredominantlycoveredwithgrasses.Somescatteredmassifsofquartziticrocksemergeintheeld.Thesparsebushesandsmalltreesemergingfromthecontinuousherbaceouslayeraretypicalelementsalsofoundinotherregionsof‘‘camposrupestres,’’suchasVelloziaceae,Orchidaceae,Bromelia-ceae,andEryocaulaceae(mainlyPaepalan-),andisolatedMelastomataceae.TheperimeteroftheoodedareaisdenselycoveredbyJuncaceae(mainlymicrocephalus),Cyperaceae,andgrasses,leav-ingonlyasmallcentralportionofstandingwater,whichisatypicalephemeralpondinanopenarea.Duringthedrymonths(April–September),thepondbecomestotallydry,andpeatsandlichenscovertheexposedareasbetweengrasses.TheregionalclimateisofCwBtype(Koppen),thatis,wettemperatewithdrywintersandhotandrainysummers.Theannualrainmeanis1450–1900mm(Pedrallietal.,2001).Thesite,despiteitslocationinaconservationarea,undergoesanthropogenicpressures,includingfrequentvisitationsbyhorses(feceswereobservedinthepondwherethefrogswerecollected).Inaddition,theareawasaccidentallyburned.SpecimensofP.erythroswereoccasionallycollectedinOctoberandDecember,intherainyseason.Theadvertisementcallandtadpoleofthisspeciesareunknown.InamoreextensivesurveyofanuranspeciesoftheParqueEstadualdoItacolomi,con-ductedbetweenJanuary1998andApril1999intwoareascoveredbyciliaryandseasonalforestsandponds,Pedrallietal.(2001)registered24species.TheseincludedbufonidsBufocrucifer),hylids(HylaalbopunctataarildaeH.cavicolaH.decipiensH.elegansH.faberH.martinsiH.minutaH.pardalisH.polytaeniaH.semilineatasp.ofthecircumdataScinaxeurydiceS.avogut-tatusS.longilineusS.luizotavioi,andS.rizi-),andleptodactylids(Eleutherodactylus .2.—Physalaemuserythrossp.nov.(MNRJ27986,holotype).(A)Dorsalviewofhead;(B)lateralviewofhead;(C)ventralviewofhand;(D)ventralviewoffoot. 524HERPETOLOGICA[Vol.59,No.4 izecksohniHylodessp.ofthelateristrigatusLeptodactylusfuscusL.labyrinthicusL.ocellatus,andPhysalaemuscuvieriISCUSSIONThepeculiarareasofopenvegetationoccurringabove1000mhighinmontaneregionsofsoutheasternBrazil,mainlyassoci-atedwiththeCerradosandAtlanticRainForestMorphoclimaticDomains(Ab’Saber,1977),arecalled‘‘camposrupestres’’(seeRizzini,1979fordenition).Theseisolatedhighlandareascommonlycontainfaunisticandoristicendemics(seeHeyer,1999forcom-ments),asexempliedbythethreespeciesofPhysalaemus,respectivelyassociatedwiththeSerradoCipoP.deimaticus,seeSazimaandCaramaschi,1988),totheSerradoIbitipocaP.rupestris,seeCaramaschietal.,1991;Nascimentoetal.,2001),andtotheSerradoItacolomi(P.erythros,presentstudy).Inadditiontosharingsimilarhabitats,thethreespeciessharemorphologicaltraitssuchasrelativelysmallsizeforthegenus,poorlydevelopedvocalsacs,largeinguinalglands,andthepresenceofredorreddishareasonforeandhindlimbs.Deimaticbehavior,asreportedforP.deimaticusbySazimaandCaramaschi(1988),wasnotobservedforrupestris(Nascimentoetal.,2001)orforerythros.TheadvertisementcallandtadpoleareknownonlyforP.rupestris(Nascimentoetal.,2001).Itispossiblethat,asknowledgeofthemorphologicalrelationshipsofthespe-ciesofthegenusPhysalaemusgrows,adis-tinctgroupwillberecognizedforthesethreespecies.UmanovaespeciedePhysalaemuscoloridovistoso,relacionadaaP.deimaticusP.rupestrisdescritadoParqueEstadualdoItacolomi,MunicpiodeOuroPreto,EstadodeMinasGerais,sudestedoBrasil.Anovacieecaracterizadapelotamanhopequeno(comprimentorostro–anal23,2mmnomacho,26,2–26,6mmnasfemeas),focinhoarredon-dadoemvistadorsalesalienteemperl,ndulasingu¨inaisgrandes,ovoides,marromclaroecomumocelopretodelineadoporumalinhabrancanasuametadeposterior,dorsomarromclaroacinzentadocomlinhasemanchaslongitudinaismarromescuroacin-zentado,ventrebrancocommarmoreadocinzaefortecoloridovermelhonassuperfventraisdosbrac¸os,maos,coxas,tbias,peoingu¨inal.Acknowledgments.—WethankC.A.G.Cruz,J.B.Isaac,Jr.,J.P.Pombal,Jr.,andL.B.Nascimentoforhelpintheeldwork,H.C.Souzaforbotanicalinformationonthesurveyedarea,P.R.Nascimentoforthelinedrawings,andC.A.G.CruzandJ.P.Pombal,Jr.forcriticallyreviewingthemanuscript.WeacknowledgetheInstitutoEstadualdeFlorestasdeMinasGeraisforpermissiontocollectintheParqueEstadualdoItacolomi;U.Carama-schithankstheConselhoNacionaldeDesenvolvimentocoeTecnologico(CNPq)forthefellowship.,A.N.1977.OsdomniosmorfoclimaticosnaricadoSul.Primeiraaproximaco.Geomorfologia52:1–21,1map.,D.C.,W.E.D.1984.LeptodactylidfrogsofthePhysalaemuspustulosusgroup.Copeia1984:902–921.,U.,L.C.CR.N.F.1991.AnewspeciesofPhysalaemus(Anura:Leptodactylidae)fromMinasGerais,SoutheasternBrazil.Herpetologica,D.R.2002.AmphibianSpeciesoftheWorld:AnOnlineReference,Version2.21.http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html,W.R.1999.AnewgenusandspeciesoffrogfromBahia,Brazil(Amphibia:Anura:Leptodactylidae)withcommentsonthezoogeographyoftheBraziliancamposrupestres.ProceedingsoftheBiologicalSocietyofWashington112:19–39.,W.R.,A.J.W.1989.Physalaemus(Amphibia:Leptodactylidae),anewfrogspeciesfromEspritoSanto,BrazilwithcommentsonP.signifergroup.ProceedingsoftheBiologicalSocietyofWashington102:500–506.,J.D.1970.SystematicstatusoftheAmericanleptodactylidfroggeneraEngystomopsEupemphixPhysalaemus.Copeia1970:488–496.,L.B.,R.R.C.,H.W,D.S.R.N.F.2001.ReproducodogirinodePhysalaemusrupestrisschi,Carcerelli&Feio,1991(Amphibia,Anura,Leptodactylidae).BoletimdoMuseuNacional,Novarie,Zoologia450:1–10.,G.,A.S.GM.C.B..2001.DiversidadedeanfbiosnaregiaodeOuroPreto.CienciaHoje30:70–73.,C.T.1979.TratadodeFitogeograadoBrasil.EditoraHucitecandEditoradaUniversidadedeSaPaulo,Brazil.,I.,U.C.1988[1986].DescricodePhysalaemusdeimaticus,sp.n.,eobservacoessobreocomportamentodeimaticoemP.nattereriAnura,Leptodactylidae.RevistadeBiologia13:4June2003AssociateEditor:JosephMendelsonIII December2003]HERPETOLOGICA525 SpecimensExaminedPhysalaemusdeimaticusMinasGeraisSerradoCipo,Jaboticatubas(JJ6057,holotype;JJ6058,PhysalaemuserythrosMinasGerais:Par-queEstadualdoItacolomi,OuroPreto(MNRJ27539,holotype;MNRJ27986,30608,paratypes).PhysalaemusrupestrisMinasGerais:Par-queEstadualdoIbitipoca,LimaDuarte(MNRJ10551,holotype;MNRJ10552–53,paratypes;MNRJ28812–24;MZUFV4083–84). 526HERPETOLOGICA[Vol.59,No.4 Herpetologica,59(4),2003,521–5262003byTheHerpetologists’League,Inc.ANEW,BRIGHTLYCOLOREDSPECIESOF(ANURA:LEPTODACTYLIDAE)FROMMINASGERAIS,SOUTHEASTERNBRAZILN.FS.G ORRESPONDENCE:e-mail,ulisses@acd.ufrj.br