Plant Characteristics and Adaptions PLANT CHARACTERISTICS Multicellular eukaryotes Photosynthetic autotrophs Nonmotile fixed to one spot Cell walls made of cellulose Responds ID: 742200
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Slide1
Plant Diversity
Copy into your colored Notes FoldableSlide2
Plant Characteristics and Adaptions Slide3
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Multicellular eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
autotrophs
Non-motile
(fixed to one spot)Cell walls made of celluloseResponds to environment and grows through the use of hormonesSlide4
Plants are classified based on whether or not they have
Vascular System (transport)Seeds Flowers (enclosed seeds)Slide5
Early Plants
Came from the waterFirst plants evolved from multicellular green algaeSlide6
Some Adaptations (solutions)
- Parts extending into both air and soilDevelop a vascular system to transport resources in plant
Have a protective outer layer –
cuticle
(waxy) keeps from drying out
Specialized structures for reproduction (
spores & seeds)Slide7
Plant Life CycleSlide8
Plant Life Cycle- Alternation of Generations
diploid phase
haploid phase
(produce sperm) (produce egg) Slide9
Bryophytes (Nonvascular plants)Slide10
Bryophytes-nonvascular
Most primitive plants
Found in
moist, shady areas
NO
vascular (transport) systemSmall size due to no vascular tissue No true roots, stems, or leavesNeeds water for reproduction.Reproduces using
spores
, (a water-proof single cell that can grow into a new organism)
Most common example:
Mosses, liverworts, hornwortsSlide11
Bryophytes
Mosses
liverworts
hornwortsSlide12
Tracheophytes and Vascular TissueSlide13
Tracheophytes
-Vascular Plants-Contains two types of specialized vascular tissues for transport within the plant: xylem and phloem
Allowed plants to become tall.
Has specialized organs:
roots, stems, and leaves.
Divided into 2 groups:
seedless vs. seedsSlide14
Vascular tissue
Conducts water & nutrients throughout the plant.Moves fluids through plant body even against gravity
Xylem
: transports water and minerals from roots to every part of plant (zip up the xylem)
Phloem
: transports nutrients & carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis (phloem= food)Slide15
Plant parts…
Roots- absorb water & mineralsLeaves- photosynthetic organs that contain vascular tissue
Veins (vascular tissue)
- xylem & phloem
Stems
Support structure
connects roots & leaves carrying waterSlide16
Ferns (Seedless Tracheophytes)Slide17
Ferns and relatives
Seedless vascular plantHave true roots, stems, and large leaves (fronds)Examples: Ferns, Club Mosses, HorsetailsReproduce using spores; still need waterSlide18
Gymnosperms (Seeded Cone Tracheophytes
)Slide19
Gymnosperms (Naked Seed)
ExamplesCycad (Sago palm) GinkgoConifer
(pine)
Sago Palm
Ginkgo
GinkgoSlide20
Gymnosperms (Naked Seed)
Adaptations –reproduce water freeTransfer of sperm by pollination Protection of embryos in seedsCones and pollenSeeds can remain dormant for yearsSlide21
Gymnosperms
Most common are ConifersConifers have leaves called needles or
scales
Reduce water loss and prevents freezing
Sequoia
Juniper
PineSlide22
Conifer Reproduction
Male cones produce pollen and the female cone produces eggs and
seeds
.
Pollen
is inefficiently transferred by the wind.
Once mature, the scales on the female cone dry out and open scattering the seeds by the wind.
Pollen
Pollen Cone
Seed ConeSlide23
Angiosperms (Seeded flowering tracheophytes
)Slide24
Angiosperms- Enclosed seeds
Flowers are reproductive organsEncourage direct and efficient pollen transferFruit: pollinated ovariesDiversity: Monocots and dicotsWoody and Herbacious stemsTrees vs. sunflowersAnnuals, Biennials, and PerennialsSlide25
fibrous roots taprootSlide26
Fruit can aid in dispersal of seed to reduce competition with parent plant.
Winged fruit
–
gliding
(maple fruit)
Floating fruit
– floats (coconut)Fleshy fruit - survive the digestive system of animals that eat the fruit (apple)Spiny fruit-
Velcro like projections attach to
animal fur
(cockleburs)
Maple seeds: Winged fruit
Burdock: Spiny fruit