Older Adults in Sharper Focus US PIAAC 20122014 Peggy Carr PhD Acting Commissioner National Center for Education Statistics NCES Washington DC March 10 2016 Results Embargoed Until ID: 678028
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Skills of U.S. Unemployed, Young, and Older Adults in Sharper Focus:U.S. PIAAC 2012/2014
Peggy Carr, Ph.D.Acting CommissionerNational Center for Education Statistics (NCES)Washington, DCMarch 10, 2016
Results Embargoed Until March 10, 2016
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Updated International ComparisonsThe U.S. average score in literacy was not measurably different than the international average, but in numeracy and digital problem solving it was below the international average.Unemployed
adults (16-65): Over 75 percent of U.S. unemployed adults have a high school diploma or less education. About half of these adults performed at the bottom proficiency levels in numeracy.Young adults (16-34): A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a college degree or higher education performed at the top proficiency levels in literacy than their international peers.Older adults (66-74): A
larger percentage of U.S. older adults who reported fair health performed at the bottom levels in literacy than those who reported good, very good, or excellent health.New U.S. results for 3 subgroupsWhat’s New in this Release
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What is PIAAC?
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What is PIAAC? – cont.
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2012 SampleNationally Representative5,010 adults16-65 years old
2014 Sample
3,660 adultsOversampledUnemployedYoung adultsOlder adults
Combined 2012/2014
SampleNationally Representative8,670 adults16-74 years old
2012/2014 U.S. PIAAC Sample
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What Does PIAAC Measure?PIAAC’s cognitive assessment measures:Literacy Numeracy Problem solving in technology-rich environments (“digital problem solving”)
Literacy and numeracy are given either on a computer or in paper-and-pencil format
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What Other Information Does PIAAC Collect?
Background questionnaire collects information on:Work experience, education, training, health, and attitudesDetails on types and frequency of skill use for:Reading- and numeracy-related activitiesIT at work and in everyday lifeA range of generic skills required of individuals in their work e.g., public-speaking,
collaborating, selling, organizing7Slide8
How Results are ReportedAs Average scores on a 0-500 scaleAs Proficiency levels anchored by a specific set of concrete skills 6 levels for Literacy and Numeracy4 levels for Digital Problem Solving
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Literacy example item: Below level 1CandidateVotesCandidate A4,857Candidate B5,423Candidate C3,563
Results of Union Election
Note: Not an actual replica of test item
9
So which
candidate received the fewest
votes?
The test-taker is presented with a report on the results of a union election.
The test-taker is
asked to compare the number of votes.
The test-taker
needs to identify 3,563 as the lowest number of votes.
90%
of U.S. test-takers got this item correctSlide10
Search ResultsSorted by RelevanceLiteracy example item: Level 4
10
Note: Not an actual replica of test item
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vero
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et
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iusto
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ducimus
qui
blanditiis
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corrupti
quos
dolores
et
quas
molestias
excepturi
sint
Nobis
est
eligendi
optio
:
cumque
nihil
impedit
quo minus id quod
maxime
placeat
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,
omnis
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est
,
omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem Hic occaecati cupiditate: non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta Quibusdam et aut officiis: debitis aut rerum
necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapienteWhich book suggests that the claims made both for and against genetically modified foods are unreliable?The test-taker is presented with the results of a bibliographic search from a simulated library website. The answer must be inferred from the search result that says book D “describes how both sides in this hotly contested debate have manufactured propaganda...”
The test-taker is
asked to identify a book that meets specific criteria.
Book A
Book B
Book C
Book D
24% of U.S. test-takers got this item correctSlide11
Below Level 1Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5
Descriptions of the PIAAC proficiency levels for literacy defining what adults can do at each level
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Outline of FindingsUpdated International comparisons International workforce population (16-65 year-olds)New U.S. Findings Unemployed Adults (16-65)Young Adults (16-34)
Older Adults (66-74)Overall population (16-74)
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Outline of FindingsUpdated International comparisons International workforce population (16-65 year-olds)New U.S. Findings Unemployed Adults (16-65)Young Adults (16-34)
Older Adults (66-74)Overall population (16-74)
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Literacy: U.S. average score was not measurably different than the international average
7
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Literacy: Compared to the international average, larger percentage of U.S. adults performed at both the top level (4/5) and the bottom levels (1 and below)
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Numeracy: U.S. average score was lower than the international average
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Numeracy: Compared to the international average, the U.S. had a smaller percentage (10 vs 12 percent) at the top level (4/5) and a larger percentage at the bottom levels (27 vs 19 percent)
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Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments(PS-TRE): U.S. average score was below the international average
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Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments (PR-TRE): Compared to the international average, the U.S. had a smaller percentage (5 vs 8 percent) at the top level (3) and a larger percentage at the bottom levels (64 vs 55 percent)
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Outline of FindingsUpdated International comparisons International workforce population (16-65 year-olds)New U.S. Findings Unemployed Adults (16-65)Young Adults (16-34)
Older Adults (66-74)Overall population (16-74)
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Employment and Literacy Skills of the Unemployed: A larger percentage of U.S. adults who were unemployed or out of the labor force performed at the bottom levels in literacy than those employed
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Employment and Literacy Skills of the Unemployed: A larger percentage of U.S. adults who were unemployed or out of the labor force performed at the bottom levels in literacy than those employed
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Education & Numeracy Skills of the Unemployed: Over 75 percent of U.S. unemployed adults have a high school diploma or less education. About half of these adults performed at the bottom proficiency levels in numeracy
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Education & Numeracy Skills of the Unemployed: Over 75 percent of U.S. unemployed adults have a high school diploma or less education. About half of these adults performed at the bottom proficiency levels in numeracy
v
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Outline of FindingsUpdated International comparisons International workforce population (16-65 year-olds)New U.S. Findings Unemployed Adults (16-65)Young Adults (16-34)
Older Adults (66-74)Overall population (16-74)
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Education & Numeracy Skills of Young Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a high school diploma or below performed at the bottom levels in numeracy than their international peers
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Education & Numeracy Skills of Young Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a high school diploma or below performed at the bottom levels in numeracy than their international peers
v
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Education & PS-TRE Skills of Young Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a high school diploma or below performed at the bottom levels than their international peers in problem solving in technology-rich environments
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Education & PS-TRE Skills of Young Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a high school diploma or below performed at the bottom levels than their international peers in problem solving in technology-rich environments
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Education & Literacy Skills of Young Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a higher education degree performed at the top levels (4/5) in literacy than their international peers
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Education & Literacy Skills of Young Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. young adults with a higher education degree performed at the top levels (4/5) in literacy than their international peers
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Outline of FindingsUpdated International comparisons International workforce population (16-65 year-olds)New U.S. Findings Unemployed Adults (16-65)Young Adults (16-34)
Older Adults (66-74)Overall population (16-74)
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Education & Literacy Skills of Older Adults: At the two highest education levels, there was no measurable difference in the percentage of older adults age 66-74 who performed at the top level (4/5)
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Education & Literacy Skills of Older Adults: At the two highest education levels, there was no measurable difference in the percentage of older adults age 66-74 who performed at the top level (4/5)
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Health & Literacy Skills of Older Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. older adults (66-74) who reported fair health performed at the bottom levels in literacy than those who reported good, very good, or excellent health
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Health & Literacy Skills of Older Adults: A larger percentage of U.S. older adults (66-74) who reported fair health performed at the bottom levels in literacy than those who reported good, very good, or excellent health
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Outline of FindingsUpdated International comparisons International workforce population (16-65 year-olds)New U.S. Findings Unemployed Adults (16-65)Young Adults (16-34)
Older Adults (66-74)Overall population (16-74)
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Age & Literacy Skills: Larger percentages of adults age 25-34 and 35-44 performed at the top level (4/5) in literacy than adults at all the other age intervals
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Age & Literacy Skills: Larger percentages of adults age 25-34 and 35-44 performed at the top level (4/5) in literacy than adults at all the other age intervals
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Highlighted FindingsThe U.S. average score in literacy was not measurably different than the international average, but in numeracy and digital problem solving it was below the international average.The U.S. has a higher proportion of low performers in literacy, numeracy, and digital problem solving than other OECD countries
.Among young adults with a bachelor’s degree or more education, the U.S. has a larger proportion of high performers in literacy than the international average.
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For more information on PIAAC
PIAAC Home Page--http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/PIAAC Gateway--http
://piaacgateway.com/NCES Contacts: Stephen Provasnik df Holly Xiedfdfd Stephen.Provasnik@ed.gov Holly.Xie@ed.govdf
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Numeracy example item: Level 3
Running Shoes
SALE! Buy one pair – get the second
(of equal or lesser value) for half price!
$
How much would you pay if you bought both pairs on sale?
The test-taker is
asked to calculate total amount
one
would need to pay for both shoes during th
e sale.
48.95
The
test-taker needs to calculate and enter the correct dollar amount for the two pairs of shoes on sale.
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Note: Not an actual replica of test item
The test-taker is presented with
information about
a
shoe sale.
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Automotive FactoryThe test-taker is presented with factory data for two years and a bar graph.
Numeracy example item: Level 2Which two bars are incorrect?
Month
Year 1
Year 2
Jan
20
17
Feb
21
22
Mar
34
31
Apr
30
36
May
35
33
Jun
28
23
Jul
24
21
Aug
25
19
Sep
19
14
Oct
23
18
Nov
22
19
Dec
19
22
Total
300
273
Number of workers absent
In Year 2
The
test-taker needs to compare the table to the bars in the chart and find two bars that do not match the data table.
43
Note: Not an actual replica of test item
The test-taker is
asked to find two mistakes in the bar graph.Slide44
Numeracy example item: Below Level 1
Which product was packed first?
The test-taker is
asked to determine which grocery item was packed first
.
The
test-taker needs to compare the date on each label to determine the earliest date.
44
Note: Not an actual replica of test item
The test-taker is presented with
four
labels
from common
grocery items.
PEANUT BUTTER
$3.36
Weight: 28
oz
Packaged on:
3/24/12
TOMATO SOUP
$1.15
Weight: 3.5
oz
Packaged on:
5/17/12
ORANGE JUICE
$2.99
Weight: 64
oz
Packaged on:
11/8/12
BEEF JERKY
$6.29
Weight: 16
oz
Packaged on:
2/14/12
86% of U.S. test-takers got this item correctSlide45
International Data Explorer (IDE)https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/ide/
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2012 – Initial results (U.S. and 23 other countries)2014 – U.S. National Supplement2017 – U.S. National 5-year updateState and county level estimates for 2012-17 period2021 - U.S. and more than 30 other countries
2012 2014 2017 2021
PIAAC
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U.S. Participation in PIAAC