Woods; Classifications and Examples - PowerPoint Presentation

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Woods; Classifications and Examples

Natural Woods

·

 Hardwoods: beech, oak, ash, mahogany, teak

·

 Softwoods: Scots pine, spruce, Douglas fir,

·

 the availability of stock forms, including: rough sawn and P.S.E,

·

 ‘FSC’ marked softwood

·

 Applications for natural woods e.g. furniture, decorative products, jewellery/craft, construction

Man Made Boards

·

 Man-made boards: plywood, aero ply,

flexiply

, marine ply, chipboard, MDF and hardboard

·

 Applications; furniture, work surfaces and exterior projects

Laminates

and veneers

·

 Veneers such as beech, ash, oak, walnut, paper and foil backed Laminates such as ‘Formica’ (coated printed paper or foil laminates)

·

 Applications for veneers and laminates e.g. decorative surfaces, laminate flooring, jewellery furniture

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NATURAL WOODS

HARDWOODS

these are

deciduous

(lose their leaves), have a closer cellular structure which means they are slower growing and therefore often more expensive.

SOFTWOODS

These are

coniferous trees (keep their leaves/needles), have a more open cellular structure which means they grow quicker than hardwoods and as a result are less expensive.Slide4

HARDWOODS

MAHOGANY

A:

reddy

/brown in colour.P: fairly strong and durable.

Ap:

used to make expensive furniture.TEAK

A: almost grey/brown – oily in appearance.P: durable, resists decay due to oils.Ap: used to make outdoor furniture.OAKA: deep brown with knots and clear grain.

P:

durable, knots are often an attractive feature.

Ap

:

used to make furniture.

BEECH

A:

light golden yellow.

P: hard and strong, but can warp.Ap: tool handles.Slide5

SOFTWOODS

SCOTS PINE

A:

yellowy, long grain.

P: fairly strong and durable – easy to work with hand tools.Ap:

construction.

SPRUCEA: paler yellow, wide grain, small knots.

P: easy to work.Ap: paper and construction.DOUGLAS FIRA: more light brown, long grain.P:

machines well, blunts tools.

Ap

:

veneer, plywood and construction.Slide6

STOCK FORMS

ROUGH SAWN

T

his

is Through and Through sawn with a circular saw and left as it is.

PSE

Planned Square Edge—this has one perfectly straight edge.

MOULDINGSDecoratively planed pieces.SHEETWith man made boards these come in sheet sizes of 1220 x 2440mm but can be any width or length.DOWELR

ound

, rod shaped pieces.Slide7

FSC

AKA: Forestry Stewardship Council

Found

on Softwood

.Watch a video about the FSC. Basically they are committed to making sure Forests are used sustainably, for example the replanting of trees after trees are used.Slide8

MAN MADE BOARDS

PLYWOOD

A:

made of thin veneers laid at 90 degree angles in odd layers.

P

: fairly strong and durable.

Ap: used to make furniture

.MDFA: made of sawdust and resin.P: durable, resists decay due to oils.Ap:

used to

furniture

.

CHIPBOARD

A:

made of wood chippings and resin.

P:

durable,

low cost, strong.Ap:

used to make

cupboards.

HARDBOARD

A:

made of sawdust and resin.

P:

very cheap, fairly strong.

Ap

:

often used in furniture backs.Slide9

MAN MADE BOARD: PLYWOOD TYPES

FLEXIPLY

D

:

very flexible plywood.

P:

can be flexed along an edge, this can then be glued and clamped in place.Ap: curved edge furniture.

MARINE PLYD: water resistant plywood.P: has a thermoset plastic resin between the layers to keep it water tight.

Ap

:

exteriors and boats.

AEROPLY

A:

very lightweight, thin flexible plywood.

P:

lightweight.

Ap:

small

products or crafts.Slide10

LAMINATES & VENEERS

Watch the video

about how Lathes are used to peel

Veneers

Common wood veneers are beech, ash, oak and walnut.Laminates are plastic versions that can be paper or foil backed – these are then stuck onto cheaper materials e.g. man made boards. For example Formica.These are useful for making products look more expensive, for jewellery making or decorative surfaces. Slide11

Woods; Forming, Fabrication and Finishing

Product components

· Knock Down fittings including: Barrel nut and bolt, corner plates, block connectors and dowels

· Common applications e.g. Flat Pack furniture Fastenings including: wood screws, self tapping screws and bolts

· Common applications such as temporary joining methods Fabrication methods· Traditional joining methods including: mortise and tenon, dowel, dovetail and comb ·  Knock Down Fittings and fastenings Finishing

· Common forms of wood preservatives including: water based, exterior, stains, yacht varnish and polyurethane varnish

· Finishes to enhance aesthetics e.g. gloss paints, stains and colour wash and wax finishes · Methods of application including: spray, dip and pressure treating · Laminate coverings for sheet materials Forming

·  including steam bending and laminating Slide12

FORMING

STEAM BENDINGThis is where the wood is placed in a steam chamber and heated.

Watch a video about

Steam Bending

LAMINATINGThis is where layers of wood are glued together and clamped into place until dry.Watch a video about Laminating Woods.Slide13

FABRICATION

DOWEL

Strong joint – held by dowel and glue. Used to make structure.

MOTISE & TENON

Used to make frames for furniture e.g. undersides of tables.

DOVETAIL

Strong joint – used for the edges of drawers, very decorative.

COMBStrong joint – often used in drawers or edges.Slide14

PRODUCT COMPONENTS (FLAT PACK)

BARREL NUT & BOLT

Secures corners, shelves

etc

in furniture. Fairly hidden.

DOWEL

Used to create dowel joints.

CORNER PLATETo secure corners of furniture.FIXING BLOCKSHidden joints, secures corners.

WOOD SCREW

Used to create dowel joints.

SELF TAPPING

Self tapping screws cut their own thread.Slide15

FINISHING

WOOD PRESERVATIVES

water

based, exterior, stains, yacht varnish and polyurethane

varnishFINISHES TO ENHANCE AESTHETICS Gloss paints, stains and colour wash and wax finishes Laminate coverings for sheet materials Methods of application including: spray, dip and pressure treating Slide16

EXAM PRACTISE

Find the woods section at the start of your booklet.