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Slide1
1790s-1838
Indian RemovalSlide2
ADD any extra information to your handy pre-printed notes. The information you ADD should be useful to your book.
We will fill in the systems column as we go along.
This PPT is online at georgiastudies2015.weebly.com
39 SlidesSlide3
Systems Web Connections
Interdependence
Economic ExpansionPolitical Tension
Economic Tension
ReviewSlide4Slide5
And Another Thing….Slide6
"Two gold mines have just been discovered in this county, and preparations are making to bring these hidden treasures of the earth to use."
“The Great Intrusion”
Our neighbors who regard no law and pay no respects to the laws of humanity are now reaping a plentiful harvest. . . We
are an abused people.
Dahlonega Gold Rush, 1829Slide7
Decline by 1840
Just in time for the California Gold Rush!
By then, the damage had been done.Slide8
"Free Trade and Sailors' Rights."
Impressment
Trade restrictionsIndiansBritish encouraged some tribes to attack American settlers (probably didn’t need much encouragement)Some tribes sided with the Americans; some with the BritishThe Creeks had their own civil war
during this one
White House and Capitol BurnedStar Spangled Banner writtenBeginnings of outward, serious American Patriotism
HeroAndrew Jackson, Battle of New OrleansWilliam Henry Harrison, Battle of Tippecanoe
The War of 1812 in One SlideSlide9
John
Gast
, 1872Manifest Destiny…Slide10
THE CREEK AND THE CHEROKEE ARE NOT THE SAME TRIBE!Slide11
War of 1812
American Indian Policy
Manifest DestinyHow did these lead to the removal of the Creek and the Cherokee from Georgia?SystemsSlide12
U.S. Indian Policy involved:
Transition to agriculture
Federal Agents in Indian TerritorySchools operated by Christian MissionsAssimilationSince The Beginning…Slide13
McGillivray
Treaty of New York
1790McIntoshTreaty of Indian Springs18211825
Creek CessionsSlide14Slide15
Video Clip:
The Story of Chief William McIntosh
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/story_of_chief_william_mcintoshSlide16
McGillivray and McIntosh
-operated within a
system of two cultures-they made choices-and those choices led to…Slide17
Thus
, the Native Americans must change, become Europeanized, or become extinct. Even out of office Jefferson held this view. In his plan for the University of Virginia, he devised a scheme to “civilize” the Native
Americans.Uncivilized?Slide18
By the 1820s, some members of tribes were of mixed race
Some Cherokee were very wealthy
and owned slavesSome had been educated in the northeast
Facts…Slide19
Capital of the Cherokee Nation
Resembled bustling New England towns
New EchotaSlide20
Recreated Council Hall Recreated Supreme Court
New EchotaSlide21
SequoyahSlide22
We, the representatives of the people of the Cherokee Nation…in order to establish justice, promote our common welfare, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of liberty…do ordain and establish this Constitution for the government of the Cherokee Nation.
Cherokee ConstitutionSlide23
Sec. 1 -- The power of this Government shall be divided into three distinct departments; the Legislative, the Executive, and Judicial.
Sec. 2 -- ... and the lands therein are, and shall remain, the common property of the Nation; but the improvements made thereon, and in the possession of the citizens of the
Nation
, are the exclusive and indefeasible property of the citizens respectively who made; or may rightfully be in possession of them;
Cherokee ConstitutionSlide24
Assimilate
or not?
Cede land or not?Go west voluntarily or not?Maintain a separate “nation” status or not?
FactionsSlide25
Cherokee governmentCherokee Constitution
Cherokee Media
Cherokee views of property lawSystemsSlide26
President Andrew Jackson
In office, 1829-1837
Indian Removal Act, 1830People to Know
John Ross
Cherokee Chief
Took Office, 1828
Elias Boudinot
Editor of the
Cherokee PhoenixSlide27
They have neither the intelligence, the industry, the moral habits, nor the desire of improvement which are essential to any favorable change in their condition. Established in the midst of another and a superior race, and without appreciating the causes of their inferiority or seeking to control them, they must necessarily yield to the force of circumstances and ere long disappear
.
-5th Annual Message to Congress, 12/3/1833
Andrew JacksonSlide28
Senate Vote: 28-19House Vote: 101-97
Authorized the President to negotiate directly with Indian tribes
Indian Removal Act, 1830Slide29
How did Andrew Jackson (and others, of course, create a systems of prejudice and racism?
Why did this “soften” American opinions about the Indians?
SystemsSlide30
Post-Revolution
“Encourage” Indians to move from hunting to agriculture
1790Treaty of New York (Creek protection; Creek give up some land)1827All Creek removed from Georgia1828First edition of the
Cherokee Phoenix
Gold discovered on Cherokee land in N. Georgia1830
Indian Removal Act Passed
RecapSlide31
Characters?Setting?
Plot:
Conflicts?ResolutionFor the BookSlide32
Video Clip:
The Cherokee and The GeorgiansSlide33
Samuel Worcester, a missionary, was arrested and convicted for violating Georgia law.
Read the “Facts of the Case”
Read the Constitution SegmentsCome to a decision: Will you rule in favor of Samuel Worcester or in favor of the State of Georgia?
Worcester vs. Georgia Slide34
The Cherokee were their own sovereign, separate nation.
States cannot negotiate with other nations.
The State of Georgia had no authority to enforce laws in Cherokee territory.Worcester vs. Georgia-Ruling (1832)
Chief Justice John MarshallSlide35
The ruling is ignored
Jackson refuses to enforce it
Worcester released…but not immediatelyThe Cherokee use this ruling to bolster their land claims and tribal sovereignty.Worcester vs. Georgia-AftermathSlide36
How did the U.S. Government react to the ruling?
How did the Cherokee react to the ruling?
What is the reality of the ruling?PerspectivesSlide37
Cherokee were split in
factions
‘Treaty Party” represented a very small number of CherokeeTreaty: agreed to give up all Cherokee land for $5,000,000Cherokee had two years to moveTreaty of New
Echota
, 1835
Vs.
ASSASSINATED
John Ridge
Major Ridge
Elias
Boudinot
Ordered Assassinations
John RossSlide38
Removal (Trail of Tears)Slide39
Removal (Trail of Tears)Slide40Slide41
6,000(
ish
) deaths1,200(ish) milesWhooping coughTyphusCholera Starvation
Trail of TearsSlide42
An Aside:
Why does Oklahoma have that weird panhandle?Slide43
What impact, if any, did Indian Removal have on present-day tribes?
Question…Slide44
Native Americans number about 1% of the U.S. Population
565 Federally recognized tribes
Poverty Rate: 25% (U.S. 16%)Economic and Health DisparitiesImproving economiesGamingIndustryChoctaw Indians in Mississippi operate automotive and plastic assembly plants
Today…Slide45Slide46
How are the events surrounding the Trail of Tears similar to or different from the Holocaust?
Left Side Writing: Slide47
Treaties of Indian Springs
Treaty of New
EchotaWilliam McIntoshAlexander McGillivrayJohn RossThe RidgesElias Boudinot
Sequoyah
Trail of TearsIndian Removal ActAndrew Jackson
Samuel WorcesterJohn Marshall
For your book…
Dahlonega Gold Rush
Everything on your systems map
George Washington
Town of New
Echota
Cherokee Constitution
Cherokee Phoenix
War of 1812
Treaty of New York, 1790