Week 4 Psych 350 R Chris Fraley http wwwyourpersonalitynetpsych350fall2015 Overall structure in review ltHTMLgt CSS stuff ltFORM ACTIONhttp wwwyourpersonalitynetpsych350fall2015genericsubmitpl ID: 259701
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "A Discussion of the First and Second Maj..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
A Discussion of the First and Second Major ProjectsWeek 4, Psych 350 - R. Chris Fraleyhttp://www.yourpersonality.net/psych350/fall2015/ Slide2
Overall structure in review<HTML>CSS stuff<FORM ACTION='http://www.yourpersonality.net/psych350/fall2015/genericsubmit.pl' METHOD='post'>
Note: This line never changes in this classVarious input fields for collecting data using radio button inputs, select menus, text responsesHidden tag for author of survey
Example: <INPUT TYPE='hidden' NAME='username' VALUE='coffeefan1'>Note: This will become the filename for data file itself. Make note of it and, for
continuity,
make it the same as the name of the HTML file you’re creating.
Submit button
<INPUT TYPE='submit' VALUE='Submit answers'>
</FORM>
</HTML>Slide3
Accessing your DataTry this survey:http://www.yourpersonality.net/psych350/fall2015/example1.htmlTo view your data, visit the following link:http://www.yourpersonality.net/psych350/fall2015/viewsubmit.pl
Enter the data file name in the input field. This is the name that you stored in the “hidden tag” at the end of your form. This will show you a comma-delimited text file.Slide4
Enter your userid or group identifier from the hidden tagSlide5
Your data will be displayed in a comma delimited formatSlide6
Things to note regarding your dataComma delimited text fileEach person’s responses to your questionnaire will be saved as a separate rowSlide7
Each distinct piece of information for a person will be separated by commasSlide8
The first three pieces of information will always be the same:The filename (e.g., group1)The date the data were submitted to the web server (e.g., 9/23/2013)The time the data were submitted (21:57:16 = not necessarily CST).The filename again.Moreover, the last piece of information will always be the same
endlineSlide9
After those three pieces of information, all other information submitted by the user will be listed in alphanumeric order of the variable NAMEs used in your code.Alphanumeric is an ordering system in which each term is sorted, starting with the left-most character, in order, according to the following rules: nothing < 0-9 < A-Z < a-zSlide10
Example0 000 0001 000A 000a 001 1 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 V1 v0 v01 v010One reason why I tend to use variable NAMEs such as v01, v02, … v10 instead of v1, v2, … v10
is that the alphanumeric sorting of the first example is v01, v02, … v10 whereas the sorting of the second example would be
v1, v10, v2.Slide11
username (hidden tag info)
v03
v04
v05
v06
v07
v08
v09
v10
v01
v02Slide12
To export your data, simply select it and copy it to your clipboardSlide13
Paste it into a blank Notepad, EditPlus, or TextWrangler fileSlide14
Save the file with a useful name (e.g., the same as your username) and give it the *.txt extension. (txt = text)Slide15
To import the data into Excel, chose the Open option and change “Files of Type” at the bottom of the dialog box to be “All Files *.*”
Select your file and press OPENSlide16
Text Import Wizard: Step 1
Leave the defaults and press NEXTSlide17
Text Import Wizard: Step 2
Make sure COMMA is the only box checked.
Press NEXTSlide18
Text Import Wizard: Step 3
Click FINISHSlide19
Yay data!Slide20
CaveatsMisaligned cases typically indicate missing data. Given the way things are configured for this class, if you have missing data, you won’t be able to be certain which responses map onto which questions. As such, you’ll have to delete or ignore those cases.SPSS—a data analysis program that we will use in the labs--uses a similar import wizard. You can also import your Excel file, if you wish, into SPSS directly.Be sure to save your imported file so you don’t have to re-import it every time you use it.Slide21
Within-person variation in psychological qualities and their assessmentProject 2Slide22
Personality ProcessesMany of the questions that are asked in psychology are concerned with differences between people.Examples: Are people who were physically abused as children more likely than those who were not to develop symptoms of psychopathology?Are people who have warm and supportive relationships with their parents more likely than those who do not to be viewed as “good friends” among their peers?Are people who play violent video games more likely than those who do not to behave aggressively toward people in real life?Slide23
It is not adequate to merely study people who play violent video games and examine their rate of their aggressive behavior.Why?Slide24
Yes
No
No
Yes
7
3
Plays Violent Video Games
Behaves aggressively
7/10 aggressiveSlide25
Answer: The counterfactual or comparison is missing.Thus, we compare people who do and people who do not play violent video games and study their relative rates of aggressive behavior. [2x2 lasers]Slide26
Between Persons ResearchThis approach is typically referred to as nomothetic or between-persons research.Why? Because the comparisons are made with respect to different people; the differences are between persons. Nonetheless, we often assume that the association in question exists at the individual level too. (If people who play violent video games are more likely than those who do not to behave aggressively, presumably, for a given person, he or she will behave more aggressively on days on which he or she plays violent games compared to those days on which he or she does not.)Slide27
Is this reasonable?Maybe Is it logically and statistically sound? NoEcological fallacy – a logical fallacy, originally discussed in ecology, in which inferences about individuals are based exclusively on aggregate statistics about groups.Slide28
Violent video game playing
Aggressive behavior
Low
High
Low
HighSlide29
Violent video game playing
Low
High
Low
High
Aggressive behaviorSlide30
Violent video game playing
Low
High
Low
High
Aggressive behaviorSlide31
Violent video game playing
Low
High
Low
High
Aggressive behaviorSlide32
Violent video game playing
Low
High
Low
High
Aggressive behaviorSlide33
SummaryTo summarize:The between-persons association between two variables does not necessarily provide evidence for the association between those variables within persons. (And the flipside of this, of course, is that evidence of an association within a person does not provide evidence for that association between people.)Slide34
IdeographicAs a result, many psychologists (especially in personality psychology) attempt to understand associations within individuals.Ideographic or within-persons focus:If it doesn’t work a certain way for you, why should you care?Slide35
Ideographic MethodsThere are many methods for studying the way in which psychological processes work for specific individuals.Various terms: daily diary methods, experience sampling, ambulatory assessment, momentary ecological assessmentAssess two or more psychological variables for a given person and examine the way in which those variables are related to one another within that person’s life.Slide36
On days in which I’m the happiest, what am I doing?Does the quality of my relationship with my girl/boyfriend impact my productivity at work?Do I perform better on exams when I study on a regular basis or when I cram before exams?Does my weight vary as a function of eating X, Y, and Z? How much weight should I expect to gain if I eat a pint of Ben and Jerry’s?My moods vary a lot. What kinds of events predict that variation?What kinds of daily events predict the quality of my sleep and the content of my dreams?Slide37
Major Project 2 - Ideographic Analyses One of the major projects you’ll be completing in this course involves within-person analyses.Specifically, you’ll be responsible for Selecting a research question involving three or more variablesCollecting data on yourself over 15 daysAnalyzing those data to reach conclusions about the association between variables in your own lifeSlide38
Personality ProcessesTo assist in collecting and analyzing the data, we will use a web-based system called yourPersonality.Go to http://www.yourpersonality.net/qs350/ to login.Login using your class alias/ID (first week labs) as your User Name and your corresponding passwordSlide39
Our lab on Friday will focus on using yourPersonality and getting you started on the project.So please think between now and Friday what kind of questions you’d like to answer about yourself.Fri: (Homework due) Exploring yourPersonality and practice making modules. Begin making the modules for your project.