3UGGESTED CITATION ENTERS FOR ISEASE ONTROL AND 0REVENTION NTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT CONDUCTING URBAN RODENT SURVEYS TLANTA 53 EPARTMENT OF EALTH AND UMAN 3ERVICES 5SE OF TRADE NAME ID: 159804
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)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 3UGGESTED CITATION #ENTERS FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL AND 0REVENTION )NTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT CONDUCTING URBAN RODENT SURVEYS !TLANTA 53 $EPARTMENT OF (EALTH AND (UMAN 3ERVICES 5SE OF TRADE NAMES IS FOR IDENTIlCATION ONLY AND DOES NOT IMPLY ENDORSEMENT BY THE #ENTERS FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL AND 0RENTION THE 0UBLIC (EALTH 3ERVICE OR THE 53 $EPARTMENT OF (EALTH AND (UMAN 3ERVICES )NTRODUCTION)0- "ASICS$ElNITION AND 0HILOSOPHY0ROGRAM #OMPONENTS#HARACTERISTICS OF 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS"ASIC 5NITS IN THE /PERATIONAL 0ROGRAM3AMPLE 6ERSUS #OMPREHENSIVE 3URVEYS0ERSONNEL 2EQUIREMENTS3URVEY 0ROCEDURES3AMPLE 3URVEY -ETHODOLOGY3URVEY #REWS AND %QUIPMENT0REMISES )NSPECTIONˆ%XTERIOR0REMISES )NSPECTIONˆ)NTERIOR)NSTRUCTIONS FOR #OMPLETING THE "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM0REMISES !DDRESS0REMISES 4YPE 0REMISES $ETAILS&OOD7ATER(ARBORAGE%NTRY AND !CCESS!CTIVE 3IGNS2EMARKS)NTERIOR )NSPECTION 5SING A -ODIlED "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM 0REMISES 4YPE 0REMISES $ETAILS &OOD7ATER (ARBORAGE %NTRY AND !CCESS !CTIVE 3IGNS2EMARKS ')3 AND -APPING)NTERIOR 4OLERANCE ,IMITS3ELECTED 2EFERENCES!PPENDIX !ˆ3URVEY &ORMSORMSORMS)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4HIS MANUAL IS FOR CLASSROOM USE AND FOR lELD TRAINING OF PROGRAM MANAGERS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS INSPECTORS OUTREACH WORKERS AND OTHERS WHO WORK IN COMMUNITY BASED RODENT INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS 4HE MANUAL IS ALSO A REFERENCE FOR SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND FOR THE PREPARATION OF REPORTS )NTRODUCTION&OR CENTURIES PEOPLE HAVE RECOGNIZED THAT RATS AND MICE ARE NOT ONLY A NUISANCE BUT ARE A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM 2ATS AND MICE DAMAGE AND CONTAMINATE FOOD DAMAGE STRUCTURES AND CARRY DISEASES THAT THREATEN HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE AND THEY CAN CAUSE INJURY AND DEATH 4HIS MANUAL DESCRIBES TECHNIQUES TO HELP US PROTECT OURSELVES FROM THESE DISEASE VECTORS BY GATHERING INFORMATION SURVEILLANCE ABOUT INFESTATIONS AND ABOUT THE CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS OF INFESTATION !CCURATE RECORDKEEPING BY PUBLIC HEALTH OFlCIALS PROVIDES THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO MANAGE RODENT AND OTHER PEST PROBLEMS5RBAN RODENT SURVEYS OF EXTERIOR AREAS ARE THE PRIMARY MEANS FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION ON RODENT INFESTATIONS THAT SUPPORT COMMENSAL RODENT POPULATIONS IN HOUSING AND ON PREMISESS 3URVEY AREAS SHOULD INCLUDE RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL AND CIVIC BUILDINGS VACANT LOTS AND PUBLIC AREAS 4HE RODENT SPECIES PRIMARILY TARGETED IN SURVEYS ARE THE .ORWAY RAT 2ATTUS NORVEGICUS ROOF 2ATTUS RATTUS-US MUSCULUS5RBAN RODENT SURVEYS AS WELL AS SURVEYS FOR OTHER PESTS FULlLL AN ESSENTIAL SURVEQUIREMENT FOR EVERY INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT )0- PROGRAM WHICH IS A DElNED COMMUNITY )0- IS A LONG TERM EFFECTIVE AND HOLISTIC APPROACH TO MANAGING PESTS OF ALL KINDS BY CAREFULLY COMBINING VARIOUS INTERVENTIONS EG EDUCATION CODE ENFORCEMENT RODENT PROOlNG POISONING IN WAYS THAT MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND DElCIENCIES THAT AFFECT PEOPLES HEALTH4HE FOCUS OF THIS MANUAL IS ON HOW TO CONDUCT A SURV ALTHOUGH THE OTHER )0- COMPONENTS ARE COVERED BRIEmY TO ESTABLISH THEIR LINK TO THE SURVEY 4HIS MANUAL IS FOR CLASSROOM USE AND FOR THE lELD TRAINING OF PROGRAM MANAGERS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS OUTREACH WORKERS INSPECTORS AND OTHERS WHO WORK IN COMMUNITY BASED RODENT )0- PROGRAMS 4HIS MANUAL IS ALSO A REFERENCE ON SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND ON THE PREPARATION OF R)0- "ASICS$ElNITION AND 0HILOSOPHY)0- REQUIRES A SHIFT FROM THE TYPICAL PEST CONTROL EFFORTS THAT OFTEN EMPHASIZE POISONING AND TRAPPING ITH )0- PESTS AND DISEASE VECTORS ARE MANAGED BY MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT &OR )0- TO SUCCEED ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE PEST IS ACTIVE AND THE PERIODIC CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING THE PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE ENVIRONMENT MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT )N ADDITION THE SAFETY OF THE PEOPLE THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE NONTARGET ANIMALS SUCH AS PETS BIRDS AND LIVESTOCK MUST BE CONSIDERED)0- IS A DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN WHICH ALL INTERVENTIONS ARE FOCUSED ON A PEST PROBLEM AND ON THE GOAL OF PROVIDING THE SAFEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE ECONOMICAL AND SUSTAINED REMEDY )0- IS A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMS APPROACH)0- IS BASED ON AND SHOULD ADHERE TO THE SOUND OF BIRTH RATES MORTALITY RATES AND MOVEMENT RATES !N UNDERSTANDING OF POPULATION DYNAMICS IS IMPORTANT OF RODENT POPULATIONS DEPENDS ON THAT UNDERSTANDING AND ON CONDUCTING APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS BASED ON CONTROL STATES THAT hPOLITICAL MECHANISMS MUST BE ABLE TO ADMINISTER THE CONTROL PROCEDURES THAT ARE DICTATED BY THE PRINCIPLES ;OF POPULATION DYNAMICS= x! COROLLARY OF THE STRATEGY OF WORKING WITH PRINCIPLES IS THAT RESEARCH SHOULD NOT CONTINUE IN CLEAR VIOLATION POLITICALLY ACCEPTABLE SOLUTION WILL BE FOUNDv 0ROGRAM AND POLITICAL SUPPORT ARE ESSENTIAL IN OBTAINING Y RESOURCES FOR AN )0- PROGRAM THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF RODENTS PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 4HE OVERALL GOALS OF )0- ARE TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE HUMAN ENCOUNTERS WITH PESTS AND DISEASE VECTORS AND TO REDUCE PESTICIDE EXPOSUREEE)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 0ROGRAM #OMPONENTS4HE FOUR KEY COMPONENTS OF AN )0- PROGRAM ARE SURV TOLERANCE LIMIT INTERVENTION AND EVALUATION )F A KEY COMPONENT IS OMITTED SUCCESS IN MANAGING OR ELIMINATING PESTS IS REDUCED 3URVEYS INSPECTION AND MONITORING ! MEASURE OF THE MAGNITUDE OF THE PEST PROBLEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES 3URVEY RESULTS DETERMINE THE NEED FOR A RODENT )0- PROGRAM AND THE DIRECTION THE PROGRAM MUST TAKE TO MANAGE THE RODENT PROBLEM !N URBAN RODENT SURVEY HAS FOUR DISTINCT PREMISES INSPECTION COMPREHENSIVE OR SAMPLE OF DElNED AREAS EG GROUPS OF BLOCKS TO RECORD INFESTATIONS AND THEIR CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS PREPARATION OF MAPS GRAPHS AND TABLES TO SUMMARIZE SUREY RESULTS MAY INCLUDE PHOTOGRAPHS OF lELD OBSERVATIONS PREPARATION OF A REPORT THAT INCLUDES AN ANALYSIS OF BLOCK AND PREMISES DATA AND EMISES PREVALENCE RATES FOR INFESTATION AND ITS CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO RESOLVE THE RODENT INFESTATION PROBLEMURVEYS ARE ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS DIRPUBLIC EG 7EB SITES TELEVISION AND RADIO PROGRAMS VIDEOS NEWSPAPER ARTICLES BROCHURES 4OLERANCE LIMIT ACTION THRESHOLD 4HE LEVEL WARRANT PUBLIC HEALTH ATTENTION AND INTERVENTION EAL OR PERCEIVED DAMAGE CAN BE AESTHETIC AND CAN HAVE ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGIC AND MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES )N #$# ESTABLISHED TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR RODENT INFESTATION EXPOSED GARBAGE AND IMPROPERLY STORED REFUSE $ETAILS OF THESE AND OTHER SURVEY BASED CRITERIA ARE DISCUSSED LATER IN THIS MANUAL 4HE SURVEY ESTABLISHES THE BASELINE ON RODENT INFESTATION AND ON THE CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS THAT SUPPORT THE INFESTATION 4HE GOAL IS TO REDUCE BOTH THE INFESTATION AND THE CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS TO A LEVEL AT WHICH THEY NO LONGER HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE COMMUNITY)NTERVENTIONS !CTIONS TAKEN TO PREVENT REDUCE OR ELIMINATE RODENT INFESTATIONS AND UCTIVE EFFECTS 3URVEY DATA DETERMINE WHEN WHERE WHAT AND WHETHER INTERVENTIONS ARE NECESSARY TO PREVENT OR ELIMINATE A PARTICULAR PEST PROBLEM )NTERVENTIONS ARE CLASSIlED AS EDUCATIONAL LEGAL OR REGULATORY HABITAT MODIlCATION HORTICULTURAL BIOLOGIC MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL 4HESE INTERVENTION CATEGORIES TYPICALLY FORM AN )0- STRATEGY -OST COMMENSAL RODENT )0- PROGRAMS EMPHASIZE EDUCATIONAL AND LEGAL OR REGULATORY INTERVENTIONS AND HABITAT 4HE KEY TO A SUCCESSFUL )0- PROGRAM IS THE FOOD WATER AND HARBORAGE EFUL USE OF PESTICIDES INCLUDING TOXICANTS TO MANAGE PESTS IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR SUCCESS ! VITAL )0- hRULEv FOR SELECTING RODENTICIDES OR OTHER PESTICIDES IS THAT THE PRODUCT CHOSEN SHOULD BE THE LEAST TOXIC PRODUCT THAT WILL BE EFFECTIVE ON A TARGET PEST 4HE PRODUCT ALSO MUST HAVE A HIGHLY EFlCACIOUS AND READILY AVAILABLE ANTIDOTE THAT CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN A TIMELY MANNER FOR BOTH HUMANS AND PETS IF A RODENTICIDE IS INADVERTENTLY INGESTED 7IDESPREAD AND INDISCRIMINATE USE OF PESTICIDES A PROBLEM 2ACHEL #ARSON WARNED 3ILENT 3PRINGENVIRONMENT %VALUATION4HE EVALUATION PROCESS COMPOSED VEYS DETERMINES WHETHER )0- INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN EFFECTIVE OR WHETHER THEY NEED TO BE REPEATED OR MODIlED 4HE INITIAL SURVEY OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BLOCKS AND THE PERIODIC RESURVEYS MONITORING OF A TARGET COMMUNITY PROVIDES THE BASIS FOR THE EVALUATION OF A PROGRAMS PROGRESS #HARACTERISTICS OF 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS! HEALTH RELATED GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR DEPARTMENT TYPICALLY MANAGES A COMMUNITY BASED VECTOR CONTROL PROGRAM &OR THE PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL SUCH AGENCIES OR ORGANIZATIONS WILL BE REFERRED TO AS THE h)0- AUTHORITYv 4HE RESPONSIBLE ADULT WHETHER A HOMEOWNER OR A RENTER WHO GRANTS PERMISSION TO INSPECT A PREMISES OR DWELLING WILL BE CALLED THE hHOUSEHOLDERv v v )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4HE INITIAL URBAN RODENT SURVEY IS THE DATA GATHERING PHASE OF )0- PROGRAM PLANNING #ONDUCTING THE SURVEY PROVIDES THE )0- AUTHORITY WITH AN OPPORTUNITY TO INFORM RESIDENTS ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND TO ENCOURAGE THEIR SUPPORT WHEN SURVEY TEAMS INSPECT THEIR PREMISES !N ANALYSIS OF SURVEY RESULTS WILL SHOW THE EXTENT AND SEVERITY OF RODENT INFESTATIONS AND THEIR CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS AND WILL DELINEATE )0- PROGRAM NEEDS AS WELL AS THE PROGRESS MADE IN COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS SURVEYS 4O DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE OF THE RODENT PROBLEM DETERMINE PRIORITIES AND EVALUATE PRPROGRAM MUST MAINTAIN A PREMISES AND BLOCK RECORDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 4HE SYSTEM SHOULD PROVIDE FOR SEQUENTIALLY REPORTING SURVEY lNDINGS USING STANDARDIZED REPORTING FORMS4HE URBAN RODENT SURVEY INVOLVES AN EXTERIOR INSPECTION OF PREMISES TO RAS ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS RODENT ENTRIES TO BUILDINGS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DElCIENCIES THAT PROVIDE FOOD WATER AND HARBORAGE !LTHOUGH THE .ORWAY RAT AND THE ROOF RAT GENERALLY LIVE OUTDOORS THEY DO ENTER BUILDINGS THAT ARE NOT RODENT PROOFED 4HE HOUSE MOUSE CAN SURVIVE OUTDOORS BUT IT PREFERS INDOOR AREAS IN AN URBAN HABITAT 7HENEVER RODENTS lND SUITABLE FOOD WATER AND HARBORAGE THEY BECOME ESTABLISHED AND REPRODUCE RAPIDLY )NTERIOR INSPECTIONS OF DWELLINGS AND BUILDINGS MAY BE REQUIRED IF SIGNS OF INFESTATION ARE OBVIOUS 'AINING ACCESS TO INTERIORS OF PREMISES IS HOWEVER GENERALLY MORE DIFlCULT AND THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF INTERIOR INFESTATIONS ARE GREATER .EVERTHELESS INTERIOR INSPECTION IS CONSIDERED AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF AN )0- PROGRAM IF CLEAR EVIDENCE EXISTS OF SIGNIlCANT INTERIOR 4WO FORMS ARE REQUIRED FOR AN EXTERIOR URBAN RODENT SURVFOR OFlCE TABULATIONS !PPENDIX ! &IGURES n &IGURES AND ARE BLANK FORMS AND &IGURES AND ARE COMPLETED EXAMPLES 4HESE FORMS CAN BE MODIlED TO SERVE THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF LOCAL PROGRAMS !LTHOUGH THE USE OF CHECK MARKS ON A FORM MAY SUFlCE TO INDICATE THE PRESENCE OF DElCIENCIES ON PREMISES SOME PROGRAMS USE A CODING SYSTEM EG LETTERS NUMBERS COLORS TO RECORD MORE DETAILED INFORMATION %XAMPLES OF SUCH CODES ARE FURNISHED THROUGHOUT THIS MANUAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE CHECKMARK SYSTEM4HE SURVEY FORMS PROVIDE THE NECESSARY DATA TO PLAN AND CONDUCT A RODENT )0- PRDATA IDENTIFY THE NEED FOR RODENT PROOlNG CODE ENFORCEMENT REFUSE MANAGEMENT CLEANUP OF VACANT LOTS REMOVAL OF ABANDONED AUTOMOBILES AND APPLIANCES AND OTHER NECESSARY INTERVENTIONS 4HE )0- APPROACH EMPHASIZES SITE SPECIlC COMBINATIONS OF INTERVENTIONS TO CONTROL OR ELIMINATE RODENT POPULATIONS)N A MORE DETAILED VERSION OF THE SURVEY A THIRD FORM CAN BE ADDED FOR INTERIOR INSPECTIONS 4HIS FORM CAN BE MODIlED FROM THE EXTERIOR INSPECTION FORM TO PROVIDE DETAILED DATA FOR EACH AREA OR ROOM WITHIN RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL PREMISES 4HIS DETAILED INFORMATION IS USEFUL IN TWO WAYS IN DETERMINING WHERE RODENTS MAY FREQUENT AND NEST IN PARTICULAR AREAS OF A PREMISES OR DWELLING AND IN ASSESSING RODENT RELATED RISKS SUCH AS "ASIC 5NITS IN THE /PERATIONAL 0ROGRAM&OR PLANNING OPERATING AND REPORTING PURPOSES ALL RODENT )0- PROGRAMS USE BASIC GEOGRAPHIC UNITS SUCH AS THE FOLLOWING0REMISES TO RECORD EXISTING CONDITIONS ! PREMISES IS A PLOT OF LAND WITH OR WITHOUT A WHICH SURVEY ITEMS CAN BE OBSERVED AND RECORDED EG ENVIRONMENTAL DElCIENCIES ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS -AINTENANCE OF A PREMISES IS USUALLY THE RESPONSIBILITY OF A HOUSEHOLDER UNLESS MULTIPLE DWELLING UNITS ARE ON A PREMISES SUPERINTENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF THE PREMISES &OR SURVEY PURPOSES ALL PREMISES ARE CLASSIlED AS RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL OR VACANT LOT 3CHOOLS PARKS CHURCHES AND PARKING AREAS ARE DElNED AS COMMERCIAL ! PREMISES MAY CONSIST OF AN INDIVIDUAL RESIDENCE AND ITS SURROUNDINGSˆWHETHER ATTACHED EG ROHOME ! DUPLEX HOUSE OR A LARGE APARTMENT BUILDING AND ITS SURROUNDINGS ARE CONSIDERED A SINGLE PREMISES BECAUSE THEY ARE USUALLY UNDER ONE OWNERSHIP AND ARE SITUATED ON ONE PLOT OF LAND 4HE SAME CRITERIA APPLY TO A COMMERCIAL PREMISES WITH A MAJOR BUILDING AND OTHER STRUCTURES &OR LARGER AGGREGATIONS OF BUILDINGS SUCH AS SEVERAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS UNDER ONE TMENT BUILDINGS UNDER ONE TMENT BUILDINGS UNDER ONE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS OR SEVERAL OWNERSHIPS EACH NUMBERED BUILDING AND ITS SURROUNDINGS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE A SEPARATE PREMISES 2EVIEWING MUNICIPAL TAX PARCEL MAPS MAY BE HELPFUL TO CLARIFY THE PHYSICAL EG PROPERTY LINES AND ADMINISTRATIVE EG OWNERSHIP DATA RELATED TO A PARTICULAR PROPERTY 7HERE AVAILABLE USE OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM ')3 TO MAP PROPERTIES CAN BE HELPFUL"LOCK TO CLASSIFY CONDITIONS 4HE BLOCK IS A CONVENIENT UNIT FOR REPORTING INFESTATIONS AND E CONDITIONS RECORDING INTERVENTIONS AND DETERMINING PROGRESS )N A TARGET COMMUNITY PREMISES INFORMATION SHOULD BE AGGREGATED FOR EACH BLOCK AND lLED ACCORDING TO ASSIGNED BLOCK NUMBERS ! BLOCK IS REPORTED AS INFESTED AS LONG AS ANY ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS EXIST ON A SINGLE PREMISES ! BLOCK IS ORDINARILY BOUNDED BY FOUR STREETS BUT SOME BLOCKS ARE BOUNDED BY THRWER OR MAY BE IRREGULAR IN FORM )N SOME CASES IMAGINARY BOUNDARIES CONFORMING TO PREVAILING BLOCK SIZES MAY BE SET TO DElNE A BLOCK#ENSUS 4RACT MULTIPLE CONTIGUOUS BLOCKS 4HE CENSUS TRACT IS AN EXCELLENT UNIT FOR LARGE SCALE PLANNING AND REPORTING PURPOSES 3AUTHORITIES USE ZONES WARDS OR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OR HEALTH DISTRICTS FOR REPORTING PURPOSES 4ARGET !REA ENTIRE OPERATIONAL AREA OF AN )0- PROGRAM ,ARGE CITIES MAY HAVE SEVERAL TARGET 3AMPLE 6ERSUS #OMPREHENSIVE 3URVEYS4HE BLOCK SURVEY IS CONSIDERED COMPREHENSIVE IF ALL PREMISES IN ALL BLOCKS IN A DElNED TARGET AREA ARE SURVEYED )N A SAMPLE SURVEY ALL PREMISES ON A BLOCK ARE INSPECTED IN A SMALL BUT STATISTICALLY VALID NUMBER OF BLOCKS IN A DElNED TARGET AREA #OMPREHENSIVE SURVEYS PROVIDE COMPLETE INFORMATION ON RODENT INFESTATION AND SANITARY CONDITIONS IN A DElNED TARGET AREA 3AMPLE SURVEYS ARE APPROPRIATE FOR DElNING AN INFESTATION PROBLEM AND ITS CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS FOR A TARGET AREA BUT THEY ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR INTERVENTION PURPOSES 4HE SAMPLE SURVEY IS QUICKER TO DO THAN A COMPREHENSIVE VEY BECAUSE ALL PREMISES ARE INSPECTED THE PROPOSED OR ACTUAL TARGET AREA 4HIS TYPE OF SURVEY IS TYPICALLY USED TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR A RODENT )0- PROGRAM TO DElNE PROGRAM NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS EVALUATE PROGRAM PROGRESS 3AMPLE SURVEYS ARE NOT INTENDED FOR CITYWIDE APPLICATION ALTHOUGH EXCEPTIONS EXIST 3AMPLE SURVARE VALUABLE FOR DETERMINING POTENTIAL TARGET AREAS !FTER A SAMPLE SURVEY IS COMPLETED A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY NEEDS TO BE CONDUCTED 0OTENTIAL TARGET AREAS OFTEN ARE IDENTIlED BY NUMBER AND LOCATION OF RODENT COMPLAINTS REPORTED RODENT BITES DETERIORATING HOUSING CONDITIONS AND OTHER RELATED INDICATORS INCLUDING CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS OF INFESTATION ! COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY REQUIRES SIGNIlCANTLY MORE PERSONNEL THAN A SAMPLE SURVEYEATER IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY BECAUSE ALL PREMISES IN THE TARGET AREA ARE INSPECTED #OMPREHENSIVE SURVEYS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED CONCURRENTLY WITH PUBLIC EDUCATION COMMUNITY OUTREACH CODE ENFORCEMENT NEIGHBORHOOD CLEANUP CAMPAIGNS AND OTHER )0- ACTIVITIES 4WO COMPREHENSIVE SURVEYS ARE RECOMMENDED PER TARGET AREA PER YEAR -ORE FREQUENT SURVEYS ARE DESIRABLE BUT RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS CAN BE A LIMITING FACTOR0ERSONNEL 2EQUIREMENTS)DEALLY URBAN RODENT SURVEYS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY TWO PERSON TEAMS WITH THE MOST QUALIlED PERSON RECORDING THE DATA AND MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT QUESTIONABLE lNDINGS 3AFETY IS ALSO A FACTOR IN A TEAM APPROACH3URVEY TEAMS WHERE POSSIBLE SHOULD BE COMPOSED OF EXPERIENCED RODENT CONTROL SPECIALISTS ENVIRONMENTAL WLEDGE OF THE AREA TO BE SURVEYED WHEN PRACTICAL CAN ALSO BE HELPFUL ESPECIALLY IF A MEMBER OF THE SURVEY TEAM LIVES IN THE AREA TO BE SURVEYED 4HE SURVEY TEAMS SHOULD BE GUIDED BY THE EXTERIOR INSPECTION FORM !T LEAST TO DAYS OF CLASSROOM AND lELD TRAINING ARE RECOMMENDED FOR INSPECTORS TO ENSURE THAT THEIR VATIONAL AND RECORDKEEPING SKILLS ARE SATISFACTORY 4O CONDUCT INTERIOR INSPECTIONS ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM AND lELD TRAINING IS NECESSARY )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS )0- SURVEYS ARE A DETAIL DEPENDENT PROCESS 4HE NUMBER OF PREMISES INSPECTED PER TEAM PER DAY WILL VARY WITH EXPERIENCE COMPLEXITY OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND OTHER VARIABLES &OR EXAMPLE LARGE LOTS MULTIPLE DWELLINGS ON A PREMISES DIFlCULT TOED IN DETERMINING THE TIME REQUIRVEY )N MOST COMMUNITIES PERMISSION FOR ENTRY ONTO PREMISES MUST BE OBTAINED BEFORE CONDUCTING AN ESENT THE INTRUSION ONTO THEIR PROPERTIES UNLESS THEY UNDERSTAND AND ACCEPT THE PURPOSE OF THE INSPECTIONS #OMMUNITY SUPPORT SHOULD BE SOUGHT TO ENHANCE PROGRAM SUCCESS 4HIS SUPPORT CAN BE GAINED BY MEETING WITH COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES CHURCH GROUPS AND OTHERS IN ADVANCE OF THE SURVEY3URVEY 0ROCEDURES#ONDUCTING AN URBAN RODENT SURVEY INVOLVES FOUR PHASES PREPARATION PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 0REPARATION0LANNING THE OPERATION AND RECRUITING AND TR 0ROVISION SHOULD BE MADE TO SECURE OFlCIAL PHOTO IDENTIlCATION CARDS AND DISTINCTIVE UNIFORMS TO IDENTIFY lELD STAFF 6EHICLES THAT ARE CLEARLY MARKED WITH THE )0- OR DEPARTMENT LOGO WILL ENHANCE THE COMMUNITYS PERCEPTION OF THE PROGRAM 6EHICLES ARE USED TO TRANSPORT INSPECTION STAFF MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES FOR INTERVENTION PURPOSES0UBLIC )NFORMATION AND %DUCATION5SING COMMUNICATION MATERIALS TO PROMOTE THE )0- PROGR!GENCIES OR DEPARTMENT OFlCIALS SHOULD USE NEWS MEDIA 7EB SITES EXHIBITS AND BROCHURES AND POSTERS AS WELL AS VISIT THE TARGET AREA TO INFORM RESIDENTS IN ADVANCE OF THE SURVEY AND EXPLAIN ITS IMPORTANCE 4HERE SHOULD BE OUTREACH TO COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS CHURCHES BUILDING GROUPS TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR THE PROGRAM #ONTACT AGENCIES EG HOUSING SANITATION SEWER UTILITIES AND OTHERS WHO MAY HAVE INTEREST IN OR RESPONSIBILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM 4HESE CONTACTS CAN BE INVALUABLE IN THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS )N ADDITION THE DAY NEEDS TO BE BUILT INTO THE PROGRAMS WORK SCHEDULE 4HIS ACCOMMODATION MAY SOMETIMES REQUIRE THAT THOSE WORKING IN PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES WILL HAVE TO WORK IN THE EARLY EVENINGS OR ON WEEKENDS )NSPECTION)NSPECTING PREMISES FOR ACTIVE RODENT EG DROPPINGS RUB MARKS OPEN BURROWS AND CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS EG IMPROPER REFUSE STORAGE PET FOOD IN TARGET AREAS AND RECORDING DATA ON THE EXTERIOR INSPECTION FORM !PPENDIX ! &IGURE %VALUATION IS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF THE SURVEY PROCESS 4AKING PHOTOGRAPHS CAN BE HELPFUL IN UNDERSTANDING PARTICULAR INFESTATION PROBLEMS AND CAN BE USED FOR TRAINING PURPOSES IS PART OF THE EVALUATION PROCESS !LTHOUGH INSPECTIONS ARE GENERALLY CONDUCTED DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS WE RECOMMEND THAT SENIOR STAFF OCCASIONALLY VISIT THE TARGET AREA AT NIGHT TO VIEW CONDITIONS DURING THE RODENTS ACTIVE PERIOD RELATION BETWEEN THE RODENTS AND THEIR BUILT ENVIRONMENT 4HEY WILL ALSO PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPACT OF POOR REFUSE MANAGEMENT )NFRARED VIDEO CAMERAS CAN BE USED TO DOCUMENT RODENT ACTIVITY AT NIGHT4ABULATING lNDINGS ANALYZING DATA AND COMPARING ACHIEVEMENTSPROVIDES THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPING WORK PLANS AND FOR PREPARING REPORTS WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ELIMINATING INFESTATIONS 3UCH REPORTS OFTEN ARE SUPPLEMENTED BY TABLES GRAPHS MAPS AND 3AMPLE 3URVEY -ETHODOLOGY)NITIATING A SAMPLE SURVEY REQUIRES MAPS SURVEY FORMS AND COMPLETE LISTS OF BLOCKS OR PREMISES OF THE TARGET AREA %ACH PRON THE MAP "ECAUSE OF EXPECTED VARIATIONS IN BLOCK SURVEY PURPOSES !LL lELD PERSONNEL MUST BE AWARE OF E OF E OF )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4HE PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING THE SAMPLE NUMBER OF BLOCKS FOR A RANDOM BLOCK SURVEY FOLLOWS$ETERMINE AS CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE THE NUMBER OF BLOCKS AND PREMISES WITHIN THE TARGET AREAS TO BE SURVEYED$ETERMINE THE NUMBER OF PREMISES THAT WILL HAVE TO BE INSPECTED TO ENSURE STATISTICAL V4ABLE .OTE 3AMPLE SIZES MUST ADHERE TO THE MINIMUM STANDARDS THE RELIABILITY OF THE SURVEY RESULTS DEPENDS ON ADHERENCE TO THE STANDARDS$IVIDE THE NUMBER OF BLOCKS IN A TARGET AREA INTO THE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PREMISES W REPRESENTS THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF PREMISES PER BLOCK IN THE TARGET AREA PREMISES%XAMPLE nnnnnnnnnnnnn PREMISES PER BLOCK$ETERMINE THE NUMBER OF BLOCKS SO THAT A SUFlCIENT NUMBER OF PREMISES AS OBTAINED FRABLE WILL BE SURVEYED%XAMPLE )F AT LEAST PREMISES NEED TO BE INSPECTED AND THE TARGET AREA CONTAINS AN AVPER BLOCK THEN ALL PREMISES ON BLOCKS WILL NEED TO BE SURVEYED PREMISES NEEDED ˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆ BLOCKS AVERAGE PREMISES PER BLOCK 3ELECT THE BLOCKS BY USING A TABLE OF RANDOM NUMBERS !PPENDIX " NUMBER REPRESENTING A SPECIlC NUMBERED BLOCK .OTE 7HEN USING THIS METHOD EVERY PREMISES ON A SELECTED BLOCK SHOULD BE INSPECTED EVEN IF RE REQUIRED !NOTHER SURVEY METHOD IS TO RANDOMLY SELECT A SAMPLE OF PREMISES IN THE TARGET ARMETHOD A COMPLETE LIST OF PREMISES IS NEEDED BUT SUCH A LIST CAN BE DIFlCULT TO OBTAIN 4HIS PARTICULAR METHOD REQUIRES ASSIGNING EVERY PREMISES A NUMBER AND IDENTIFYING EACH PREMISES ON A MAP 3URVEY #REWS AND %QUIPMENT4WO PERSON TEAMS ARE MORE EFlCIENT TO CONDUCT BLOCK SURVEYS %ACH TEAM SHOULD CARRY THE FOLLOWING ITEMS A SUPPLY OF lELD FORMS EXTERIOR INTERIOR OR BOTH DEPENDING ON THE NEEDS OF THE PROGRAM CLIPBOARDS mASHLIGHTS RECHARGEABLE TYPE IS RECOMMENDED GLOVES FORCEPS BLACK LIGHT TO DETECT RODENT URINE STAINS DOG REPELLENT BETWEEN SUPERABLE -INIMUM .UMBER OF 0REMISES )NSPECTED TO %NSURE 3TATISTICAL 6ALIDITY .UMBER OF 0REMISES IN 4ARGET !REA-INIMUM .UMBER OF 0REMISES TO )NSPECT OR MORE #ENTER FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL 5RBAN RAT SURVEYS !TLANTA 53 $EPARTMENT OF (EALTH AND (UMAN 3ERVICES CES CES )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS .OTE THAT A PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT 0$! CAN BE USED INSTEAD OF THE lELD FORMS LEAD PENCILS AND CLIPBOARDS !LSO NOTE THAT INFRARED VIDEO CAMERAS CAN BE A VALUABLE TOOL FOR lLMING RODENTS AT NIGHT &OR INDOOR INSPECTIONS ADD THE FOLLOWING ITEMS DUST MASKS OR RESPIRATORS HARD HATS PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANERS WITH HIGH EFlCIENCY TICULATE AIR (%0! lLTERS AND )F A RECORDING CODE INSTEAD OF A CHECK MARK IS TO BE USED ON THE FORMS FOR MORE PRD FOR EASY REFERENCE 4HE INSPECTION FORMS CAN BE RELATIVELY SIMPLE OR CAN BE GREATLY DETAILED DEPENDING ON THE NEEDS OF THE SURVEY )NSPECTION FORMS CAN BE COMPLETED USING 0$!S AND OTHER PORTABLE COMPUTER EQUIPMENT %ACH TEAM SHOULD HAVE A SUPPLY OF OUTREACH LITERATURE ON THE PROGRAM TO DISTRIBUTE TO LANDLORDS AND VEYS 0REMISES )NSPECTIONˆ%XTERIOR3UPERVISORS SHOULD HAND OUT THE BLOCK ASSIGNMENTS BEFORE THE TEAMS LEAVE THE OFlCE &THE SUPERVISOR SHOULD REMAIN IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA TO MONITOR THE WORK OF THE TEAMS AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORT ! STANDARDIZED SURVEY PROCESS IS MORE EFFECTIVE FOR EXAMPLE BEGIN THE SURVEY OF EACH BLOCK AT THE THEAST CORNER AND MOVE CLOCKWISE &ROM THIS CORNER THE INSPECTORS PROCEED AROUND THE BLOCK INSPECTING EACH PREMISES IN THE ORDER ESTABLISHED FOR THE SURVEY 4HE TWO MEMBER TEAMS MAY WORK TOGETHER ON AN INSPECTION OR IF BOTH ARE EXPERIENCED THEY MAY INSPECT ALTERNATE PRIMESES AND BE AVAILABLE TO ASSIST EACH OTHER AS NEEDED 0LACING A CHALK MARK ON THE CURB SUPERVISOR NEEDS TO LOCATE THE TEAM HOWEVER INSPECTORS MAY USE PORTABLE PHONES TO MAINTAIN CONTACT %ACH PREMISES SHOULD BE APPROACHED FROM ITS MAIN ENTRANCE AREA AND SHOULD NOT BE ENTERY CROSSING YARDS 4HE INSPECTOR SHOULD REQUEST PERMISSION FROM A RESPONSIBLE ADULT TO CONDUCT AN INSPECTION ! BROCHURE THAT EXPLAINS THE PROGRAM CAN SUPPLEMENT THE EXPLANATION OF THE PROGRAM AND THE PURPOSE OF THE INSPECTION 5SUALLY ONLY A FEW MINUTES ARE REQUIRED TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY WITH HOUSEHOLDERS /CCUPANTS OF THE PREMISES SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO JOIN IN THE SURVEY OF THE PREMISES 4HIS PARTICIPATION ALLOWS INSPECTORS AN OPPORTUNITY TO PRAISE OCCUPANTS FOR THE WELL MAINTAINED ASPECTS OF THE PRIMESES SUCH AS A CLEAN YARD AND TO TACTFULLY CALL ATTENTION TO ACTIVE RODENT )NSPECTORS SHOULD WEAR CLEAR IDENTIlCATION THAT IDENTIlES THEM AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE RODENT )0- PROGRAM 7EARING DISTINCTIVE OFlCIAL UNIFORMS ALSO CAN BE HELPFUL IN ESTABLISHING IDENTITY WITH THE PROGRAM"EFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE EXTERIOR INSPECTION OF A PREMISES WRITE THE NUMBER OF DWPPENDIX ! &IGURE COLUMN 3EE THE )NSTRUCTIONS FOR #OMPLETING THE "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM SECTION ON PAGES &),, 4HE TEAM SHOULD THEN PROCEED IN A CLOCKWISE DIRECTION AROUND THE PREMISES INSPECTING THE BUILDINGS YARD AND PASSAGEWAYS OR OTHER SPACES AND RECORDING ALL DElCIENCIES ON THE SURVEY FORM 4HE INSPECTION PATTERN IS AS FOLLOWS FRONT THE FACADE OR SURFACE OF THE BUILDING THAT YARD OR OTHER SPACES ASSOCIATED YARD OR OTHER SPACES EAR THE REAR WALL SURFACE OF THE BUILDING AND ITS ASSOCIATED YARD OR OTHER SPACES AND AND ITS ASSOCIATED YARD OR OTHER SPACES 3YMBOLS CAN BE USED INSTEAD OF CHECK MARKS TO RECORD INFORMATION 4HESE SYMBOLS CAN ALSO BE USED AS A REFERENCE IN THE 2EMARKS SECTION OR IN THE PREMISES EMISES EMISES )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS !DDRESS COLUMN OF THE FORM FOR EXAMPLE & FRONT OR REAR AND 2 RIGHT SIDE 2ODENT SIGNS SHOULD BE OBSERVED AT CLOSE RANGE TO DETERMINE INFESTATION )NSPECTORS SHOULD LOOK FOR ACTIVE RODENT RUNS OR BURROWS IN THE YARD ENTRY ROUTES INTO BUILDINGS BURROWS UNDER WALLS OR IN DITCH BANKS RODENT DAMAGE FRESH FECAL DROPPINGS ALONG "EFORE LEAVING A PREMISES INSPECTORS SHOULD CHECK THE INSPECTION FORM TO MAKE CERTAIN THAT ALL ITEMS HAVE INSPECTOR RECHECK THE SURVEY lNDINGS ON A SUBSEQUENT DAY TO VERIFY RESULTS CAN BE HELPFUL EG TAKING A SAMPLE OF THE SURVEYED PREMISES TO ENSURE THE RECORDED )N SOME INSTANCES HOUSEHOLDERS MAY REFUSE PERMISSION FOR )0- STAFF TO INSPECT THEIR PREMISES OR DWELLING EPORT FORM AND REFERRED TO THE SUPERVISOR )N OTHER INSTANCES NO RESPONSIBLE ADULT MAY BE AT HOME TO GRANT PERMISSION FOR INSPECTION )N SUCH CASES THE POLICY OF THE )0- 0REMISES )NSPECTIONˆ)NTERIOR4HE TERM hINTERIOR INSPECTIONv GENERALLY APPLIES TO THE MAIN BUILDINGS ON A PREMISES AND NOT TO SHEDS OR THE NEEDS OF THE LOCAL )0- AUTHORITY 4E RECOMMENDED FOR INTERIOR INSPECTIONS 4HE WORK IS DETAIL ORIENTED TEDIOUS AND OFTEN DIFlCULT TO ACCOMPLISH BECAUSE OF CLUTTER FURNITURE AND CROWDED )NSPECTORS SHOULD CHECK ALL ROOMS IN THE BUILDING FOR RODENT SIGNS AND SANITATION DElCIENCIES +ITCHENS CLOSETS BATHROOMS ATTICS AND BASEMENTS ARE ESPECIALLY E TO COMMENSAL RODENTS !LL mOOR LEVELS OF THE BUILDING SHOULD BE INSPECTED REGARDLESS OF THE SUSPECTED SPECIES .ORWAY RATS ARE USUALLY FOUND IN BASEMENTS AND ON LOWER mOORS UPPER mOORS AND ATTIC AREAS ARE ESPECIALLY ATTRACTIVE TO ROOF RATS AND HOUSE MICE CAN BE FOUND NEARLY ANYWHERE INCLUDING IN CABINET DRAWERS AND ABOVE DROP CEILINGS (OUSEHOLDERS OFTEN CAN BE HELPFUL IN PROVIDING SPECIlC INFORMATION ON A RODENT )N SOME COMMUNITIES THE INTERIOR RODENT POPULATION MAY BE MORE DIFlCULT TO MANAGE OR CONTROL THAN THE EXTERIOR POPULATION 4HE EXTERIOR INSPECTION FORM PPENDIX ! &IGURE CAN BE MODIlED FOR INTERIOR INSPECTIONS 7HEN DOING SO INFORMATION SUCH AS LEVELmOOR ROOM TYPE AND NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS AS WELL AS INFORMATION ON ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS DROPPINGS HOLES GNAWED MATERIALS AND RUB MARKS SHOULD BE INCLUDED ON THE MODIlED FORM )NFORMATION ABOUT RODENT BITES )NFESTATION RATES IE PERCENT OF APARTMENTS IN A BUILDING WITH ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS AROGRESS OVER )NSPECTION TEAMS SHOULD FOLLOW STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES FOR INTERIOR INSPECTIONS &OR EXAMPLE IN A MULTIFAMILY APARTMENT BUILDING STARUPWARD INSPECTING APARTMENTS IN NUMERICAL ORDER THEN INSPECT THE ATTIC OR CRAWLSPACE AND lNALLY THE ROOF IF ACCESSIBLE %NTER EACH APARTMENT THROUGH THE FRONT MAIN DOOR AND INSPECT THE WALL THAT CONTAINS THE MAIN DOOR AS WELL AS EVERYTHING ON OR TOUCHING THAT WALL FOR SIGNS OF RODENTS AND POTENTIAL RODENT ENTRIES -OVE ARE INSPECTED .EXT INSPECT THE mOOR AREA INCLUDING ANYTHING ON OR TOUCHING THE mOOR ,AST INSPECT THE CEILING AREA INCLUDING ANYTHING ON OR TOUCHING THE CEILING %ACH ROOM SHOULD BE INSPECTED IN THE SAME MANNER #LOSETS SHOULD BE INSPECTED IN ASSOCIATION WITH PARTICULAR WALLS OF A ROOM4HIS STANDARDIZED INSPECTION METHOD PROVIDES VERY SPECIlC DATA ON RODENT LOCATIONS FOR INTERVCHANGES OVER TIME AND PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR OTHER )NSTRUCTIONS FOR #OMPLETING THE "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM4HE "LOCK 2ECORDˆ%XTERIOR 2ODENT )NSPECTION AND 3ANITATION &ORM !PPENDIX ! &IGURE IS USED TO RECORD INFORMATION ON RODENT INFESTATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DElCIENCIES FOR EACH PREMISES ON A BLOCK 4HE FORM HAS SPACE FOR RECORDING INFORMATION FOR PREMISES ADDITIONAL FORMS CAN BE USED AS NECESSARY %NTER THE PAGE NUMBER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED v )F ONLY ONE FORM IS REQUIRED FOR A BLOCK USE THE ED FOR A BLOCK USE THE ED FOR A BLOCK USE THE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS PAGE IS REQUIRED )N ADDITION ENTER THE NAMES OF THE INSPECTORS AT THE TOP OF THE FORM IN THE SPACE PROVIDED /THER ITEMS AT THE TOP OF THE FORM SHOULD BE COMPLETED BY THE SUPERVISOR OR TEAM LEADER BEFORE THE TEAMS ENTER ENTERING THE lELD 4HE LOCATION OF A BLOCK SHOULD BE INDICATED BY WRITING THE NAMES OF THE STREETS THAT FORM PORTION OF THE FORM ! COPY OF THE ASSIGNMENT CHART SHOULD BE KEPT IN THE INSPECTORVISORS OFlCE #OMPLETED INSPECTION FORMS !PPENDIX ! &IGURE SHOULD BE CHECKED AND INITIALED BY THE INSPECTORS RECORDED ON THE APPROPRIATE LINE OF THE SUMMARY FORM !PPENDIX ! &IGURE IS A COMPLETED EXAMPLE 4HE SUMMARY FORM SHOULD BE USED TO PREPARE PROGRESS REPORTS IDENTIFY PROBLEMS AND TARGET RESOURCES 0REMISES !DDRESS!S INSPECTORS PROCEED CLOCKWISE AROUND A BLOCK THEY SHOULD WRITE EACH STREET ADDRBEEN CONDUCTED AT A PARTICULAR ADDRESS THE LINE NUMBER TO IN THE h.Ov COLUMN SHOULD BE CIRCLED 0REMISES 4YPE ! PREMISES MUST BE CLASSIlED IN ONE OF FOUR CATEGORIES COLUMNS n RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL AND RCOMMERCIAL OR VACANT LOT /NLY ONE OF THE lRST FOUR #OLUMN 2ESIDENTIAL 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF THE UNIT IS A HOME OR DWELLING DElNED AS AN ENCLOSED SPACE USED FOR NTER THE NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS IN COLUMN .O OF $WELLING 5NITS #OLUMN #OMMERCIAL AND 2ESIDENTIAL 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF A PREMISES IS USED FOR BOTH COMMERCIAL SEE COLUMN DESCRIPTION AND #OLUMN #OMMERCIAL 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF THE PREMISES IS USED ONLY FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES INCLUDING PARKING LOTS OR FOR ESIDENTIAL PURPOSES SUCH AS OFlCES CHURCHES CLUBHOUSES OR SCHOOLS 4HE TYPE OF PREMISES EG SCHOOL MAY ALSO BE WRITTEN IN THE ADDRESS COLUMN 3OME )0- PROGRAMS MAY DECIDE TO USE A CODE FOR RECORDING PUBLIC PROPERTIES CLUBS CHURCHES OR OTHER TYPES OF NONRESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES#OLUMN 6ACANT ,OT 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN FOR A LOT WITH NO STRUCTURE ON IT .OTE THAT A PARCOMMERCIALv0REMISES $ETAILS5SE THESE FOUR COLUMNS OF THE INSPECTION FORM TO RECORD INFORMATION THAT MAY BE HELPFUL IN ESTIMATING ESOURCE NEEDS FOR INTERVENTION PURPOSES #OLUMN &OOD #OMMERCIAL0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF A REGULAR PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE PREMISES IS TO PREPARE SELL SERVE OR DISPENSE OR STORE FOOD MATERIALS INCLUDING ANIMAL FOODS 4HUS RESTAURANTS DELICATESSENS SOUP KITCHENS BAKERIES GROCERY STORES NURSING HOMES AND HOSPITALS WHERE DAILY MEALS ARE SERVED PET STORES AND GRAIN WAREHOUSES SHOULD BE INCLUDED HERE "OTH THIS COLUMN #OLUMN 6ACANT0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF THE MAIN BUILDING ON THE PREMISES IS NOT IN USE WHETHER TEMPORARILY VFOR DEMOLITION !BANDONED BUILDINGS GENERALLY ARE NOT CONSIDERED HABITABLE BECAUSE OF DETERIORATION EG BROKEN WINDOWS MISSING DOORS VANDALISM lRE DAMAGE )F MORE PRECISE INFORMATION IS DESIRED THREE MARK 6 VACANT AND HABITABLE !/ ABANDONED AND #OLUMN .O OF $WELLING 5NITS %NTER THE NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS HERE $ETERMINING THE NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS ON A PREMISES SHOULD BE EMISES SHOULD BE EMISES SHOULD BE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS ! DWELLING UNIT IS A ROOM OR GROUP OF ROOMS LOCATED WITHIN A BUILDING OR STRUCTURE THAT -ULTIPLE DWELLING UNITS EG APARTMENTS CAN EXIST ON A PREMISES 4HE NUMBER OF MAILBOXES METERS OR DOORBELLS IS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS ON A PREMISES /NLY THE NUMBER OF HABITABLE DWELLING UNITS ON A PREMISES SHOULD BE MARKED NON INHABITABLE DWELLING UNITS SHOULD NOT BE MARKED#OLUMN 3EWERS ON 0REMISES0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN TO RECORD THE PRESENCE OF A SEWER PIPES OR STORM WATER DRAINS ON THE PR3EWERS CAN PROVIDE HARBORAGE AND RATS OFTEN TRAVEL BETWEEN A PREMISES SEWER AND THE EXTERIOR PORTIONS OF THE PREMISES %VIDENCE OF HARBORAGE INCLUDES ACTIVE BURROWS NEAR MANHOLES CATCH BASINS OR BROKEN SEWER PIPES AND FRESH RUB MARKS ON BROKEN DOWNSPOUTS THAT EMPTY INTO SEWERS )F OTHER SEWER DElCIENCIES ARE FOOTNOTE UNDER THE 2EMARKS SECTION OF THE FORM &OOD4HESE COLUMNS NUMBERS n PROVIDE INFORMATION ON FOOD SOURCES THAT MUST BE ELIMINATED OPER STORAGE OF REFUSE ALSO CALLED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OR -37 REQUIRES THE USE OF RODENT PROOF CONTAINERS OF ADEQUATE CONSTRUCTION SIZE AND NUMBER 2EFUSE IS DElNED AS A MIXTURE OF GARBAGE AND RUBBISH 'ARBAGE CONSISTS LARGELY OF HUMAN FOOD WASTE ORGANIC PUTRESCIBLE BUT IT INCLUDES OFFAL CARRION AND ANIMAL FECES EG DOG OR HORSE 2UBBISH IS CONSIDERED NONFOOD SOLID WASTES COMBUSTIBLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE NONPUTRESCIBLE SUCH AS METAL GLASS FURNITURE CARPETING PAPER AND CARDBOARD 2UBBISH ALSO INCLUDES WOOD CHIPS AND YARD WASTES )N CONDUCTING RODENT SURVEYS THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA FOR REFUSE STORAGE ARE R!PPROVED 2EFUSE 3TORAGE2EFUSE CONTAINERS SHOULD BE WATER TIGHT RUST RUCTURALLY STRONG AND EASILY lLLED EMPTIED AND CLEANED 3TANDARD REFUSE CONTAINERS ARE n GALLONS n LITERS (INGED CONTAINERS WITH WHEELS CAN HOLD UP TO "ULK STORAGE CONTAINERS ARE GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE AND ARE OFTEN USED IN MULTIHOUSING BUILDINGS SITES 3UCH CONTAINERS OFTEN HAVE A DRAIN HOLE TO FACILITATE CLEANING 4HESE DRAIN HOLES ARE AND ARE lTTED WITH A REMOVABLE HARDWARE CLOTH SCREEN OR SCREW ON PLUG TO PREVENT ENTRY BY RODENTS 'ALVANIZED METAL OR HEAVY HIGH GRADE PLASTIC #ARDBOARD BOXES USED FOR YARD TRASH ESSENTIALLY 0LASTIC OR MOISTURE RESISTANT PAPER BAGS USED FOR REFUSE PROPERLY TIED AND INTACT PLACED AT THE 0LASTIC "AGS0LASTIC REFUSE BAGS ARE WIDELY USED AS LINERS IN STANDARD n GALLON n LITERS AND LARGER REFUSE E REQUIRED BY MANY BUILDING MANAGERS FOR REFUSE PLACED IN BULK CONTAINERS AND ARE USED BY MANY RESIDENTS FOR YARD TRASH 4O JUDGE WHETHER PLASTIC BAGS ARE MANAGED PROPERLY+NOW THE SCHEDULED REFUSE COLLECTION DAYS IN THE BLOCK BEING SURV/BSERVE WHETHER THE STORAGE SITE CONTAINS BOTH ACCEPTABLE BAGS AND REFUSE CONTAINERS OR WHETHER STORING REFUSE0LASTIC BAGS ARE NOT CONSIDERED APPROPRIATE FOR OVRODENTS AND OTHER ANIMALS EG CATS DOGS CAN EASILY ODENTS AND OTHER ANIMALS EG CATS DOGS CAN EASILY ODENTS AND OTHER ANIMALS EG CATS DOGS CAN EASILY )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS GAIN ACCESS TO THEIR CONTENTS 0LASTIC BAGS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ACCEPTABLE ONLY WHEN PLACED OUTSIDE DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS FOR COLLECTION THE SAME DAY !PPROVED 2ECYCLABLE 3TORAGE/UTDOOR CONTAINERS FOR RECYCLABLE ITEMS PAPER CARDBOARD PLASTIC GLASS OR METAL CANS SHOULD ONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT THE WEIGHT OF ITEMS CONTAINED AND EASY FOR SANITATION CREWS TO HANDLE#ONTAINERS SIMILAR TO THOSE FOR REFUSE STORAGE ARE GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FOR HOUSEHOLD RECYCLABLES E LARGE PLASTIC BAGS PROPERLY TIED AND INTACT DAYLIGHT HOURS ON COLLECTION DAY )N ALL CASES ITEMS STORED SHOULD BE FREE OF FOOD PARTICLES OR OTHER FOOD RESIDUE4O JUDGE WHETHER RECYCLABLES ARE MANAGED PROPERLY+NOW THE SCHEDULED RECYCLABLE COLLECTION DAYS FOR THE BLOCK BEING SURV/BSERVE WHETHER THE RECYCLABLE ITEMS HAVE BEEN CLEANED OR RINSED OR ARE OTHERWISE FRFOOD RESIDUE AND THAT THE PLASTIC BAGS OR OTHER CONTAINERS HOLDING THE RECYCLABLES ARE INTACT#OLUMN 5NAPPROVED 2EFUSE 3TORAGE0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF GARBAGE RUBBISH OTHER REFUSE OR RCLABLE ITEMS ARE NOT STORED IN APPROVED CONTAINERS WITH TIGHT lTTING LIDS OR ARE NOT IN TIGHTLY TIED BAGSˆWHERE ACCEPTABLEˆDURING DAYTIME ONLY !PPROVED CONTAINERS SHOULD BE OF THE DESIGN DESCRIBED IN THE !PPROVED 2EFUSE 3TORAGE SECTION 7HEN PROPERLY PLACED IN PLASTIC OR PAPER BAGS SECURELY TIED AND REGULARLY COLLECTED YARD TRASH AND OTHER INEDIBLE MATERIALS ARE APPROVED 9ARD TRASH IS ACCEPTABLE WHEN PLACED IN CARDBOARD BOXES OR PAPER BAGS AND REGULARLY 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE OBSERV#ONTAINER THAT IS NOT RODENT AND mY TIGHT3CREW ON PLUG OR RODENT EXCLUDING SCREEN OF AN OTHERWISE APPROVED BULK CONTAINER IS NOT IN GALLON LITER DRUM 3UCH CONTAINERS ARE OFTEN OBSERVED WITHOUT A TIGHT lTTING COVER 7HEN lLLED THEY ARE TOO HEAVY AND BULKY TO .ONSTANDARD METAL OR CARDBOARD CONTAINERS THAT ARE NOT BEING USED FOR R"IN OR STATIONARY RECEPTACLE FOR REFUSE STORAGE2ECEPTACLE TOO SMALL OR TOO FEW RECEPTACLES FOR THE AMOUNT OF REFUSE/VERmOWING RECEPTACLE OR ONE WITH THE COVER OFF#ONTAINERS ON A PLATFORM ON THE GROUND OR WITH A SHALLOW SPACE INCHES ; RODENTS AND POSSIBLY HIDES SCRAPS OF FOOD SPILLED OM THE CONTAINER"URNED REFUSE3CATTERED REFUSE INCLUDING GARBAGE RUBBISH OR RECY-ORE PRECISE INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED BY USING SYMBOLS INSTEAD OF CHECK MARKS TO RECOR#OLUMN %XPOSED 'ARBAGE0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF OBSERVED REFUSE STORAGE PRACTICES MAKE GARBAGE AVAILABLE TO RODENTS )CASES A PREMISES MAY BE NOTED FOR 5NAPPROVED 2EFUSE 3TORAGE BUT NO GARBAGE AVAILABLE TO RODENTS IS OBSERVED %XPOSED GARBAGE SHOULD BE NOTED ON THE BASIS OF THE FOLLOWING'ARBAGE CONTAINER IS NOT RODENT TIGHT THE SPACE BETWEEN THE CONTAINER AND LID IS GR'ARBAGE IN AN OPEN CONTAINER IS AVAILABLE TO RAILABLE TO RAILABLE TO R)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 'ARBAGE IS SCATTERED ON THE GROUND 0LASTIC BAGS CONTAINING GARBAGE ARE RIPPED PRESENT AFTER K NOT PROPERLY TIED OR HAVE OBVIOUSLY NOT BEEN COLLECTED FOR LONGER THAN DAY #LEAN CANS AND JARS ARE NOT CONSIDERED A RODENT FOOD SOURCE .OTE 6EGETABLE AND FRUIT PLANTS ARE RECORDED UNDER /THER &OOD AND 0LANTS NOT AS %XPOSED 'ARBAGE!NY PREMISES MARKED FOR %XPOSED 'ARBAGE SHOULD ALSO BE MARKED FOR 5NAPPROVED 2EFUSE 3TORAGE#OLUMN !NIMAL &OOD0UT A CHECK HERE IF UNEATEN ANIMAL FOOD EG FOOD FOR PETS SUCH AS DOGS OR CATS BIRDS OR LIVESTOCK IS EXPOSED ODENTS %XPOSED PET FOOD OTHER THAN FOR IMMEDIATE FEEDING SHOULD BE RECORDED )N THE CASE OF BIRDFEEDERS CHECK ONLY IF UNEATEN BIRDSEED IS OBSERVED ON THE GROUND AND IS READILY AVAILABLE TO RODENTS (OWEVER SOME COMMENSAL RODENTS ARE EXCELLENT CLIMBERS SO CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED IN ASSESSING BIRDFEEDERS !NIMAL FOOD SHOULD NOT BE RECORDED AS EXPOSED #OLUMN /THER &OOD AND 0LANTS0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF VEGETABLES FRUIT AND NUT TREES OR ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND VINES WITH FRBERRIES ARE ACCESSIBLE TO RODENTS 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF EXPOSED FOOD ITEMS IN THE DWELLINGS INTERIOR ARE OBSERVED BUT ARE NOT EASILY CLASSIlED IN THE OTHER FOUR COLUMNS )TEMS FOR THIS COLUMN INCLUDE SOILED DISHES EXPOSED OVERNIGHT FOOD WASTE ON THE STOVE OR IN THE OVEN AND SOLID OR LIQUID FOODS ON THE mOOR 7ATER!LTHOUGH COMMENSAL RODENT DEPENDENCY ON WATER VARIES WITH DIET AND SPECIES WATER SOURIGH PROTEIN DIETS INCREASE A RODENTS NEED FOR WATER BUT HOUSE MICE ARE CAPABLE OF LIVING WITH LITTLE WATER !LL THREE SPECIES .ORWAY RAT ROOF RAT AND HOUSE MOUSE HOWEVER ARE ATTRACTED TO WATER WHEN IT IS AVAILABLE .ATURAL BODIES OF WATER SUCH AS STREAMS LAKES AND PONDS ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE SURVEY 4HE THREE SURVEY CATEGORIES IN THE 7ATER SECTION COLUMNS n ARE OBSERVABLE WATER RESOURCES THAT NEED TO BE MANAGED AS PART OF )0- HABITAT MODIlCATION INTERVENTIONS /NLY ONE OF THE THREE COLUMNS SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR WATER AVAILABLE TO RODENTS7ATER AND MOISTURE REDUCTION CAN ALSO ENHANCE )0- PRACTICES TO CONTROL MOSQUITOES COCKROLUMN 3TANDING 7ATER0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF WATER ACCUMULATIONS THAT ARE ACCESSIBLE TO RODENTS ARAS BUCKETS PANS DISCARDED TIRES WATER BOWLS FOR PETS WINDOW PITS OF BASEMENTS AND CLOGGED RAIN GUTTERS &OR INDOOR INSPECTIONS CHECK FOR WATER AND OTHER CONSUMABLE LIQUIDS THAT ARE AVAILABLE OVERNIGHT IN OPEN #OLUMN #ONDENSATE0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF CONDENSATE IS AVAILABLE TO RODENTS IN FOR EXAMPLE COLLECTION PANS UNDER OR RUNNING WATER FROM A PIPE ONTO THE GROUND OR PAVEMENT OR ONTO A BASEMENT mOOR INDOORS OR DIRECTLY FROM THE SURFACE OF OR DRIPPING FROM COLD #OLUMN ,EAKS0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF WATER IS REGULARLY LEAKING FROM FOR EXAMPLE A RTHE GROUND PAVEMENT OR mOOR INDOORS &OR OBSERVED LEAKS DO NOT CHECK THE 3TANDING 7ATER CATEGORY EVEN IF (ARBORAGE4HE SEVEN SURVEY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION COLUMNS n PERTAIN TO THE PRVIDING OF HARBORAGE FOR RODENTS 0UT A SIGNIlCANT RODENT HARBORAGE CONDITION IS EVIDENT &OR SOME SURVEYS QUANTIFYING THE HARBORAGE PRESENT IS HELPFUL EG USING lGURES TO INDICATE THE NUMBER OF ABANDONED VEHICLES AND APPLIANCES OR TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF CUBIC YARDS OR CUBIC METERS OF LARGE PILES OF RUBBISH LUMBER OR CLUTTER THAT IS ON THE GROUND OR ON THE mOOR INDOORS 4HESE lGURES CAN BE USEFUL IN ESTIMATING THE RESOURCES NEEDED FOR CLEANUP AND FOR MEASURING PROGRESS IN REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF HARBORAGE PRESENTESENTESENT)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS #OLUMN !BANDONED 6EHICLES 0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF ABANDONED VEHICLES ARE IN THE YARD STREET OR ALLEY ! VEHICLE IS CONSIDERED ABANDONED IF THE LICENSE TAG IS NOT CURRENT IF MAJOR PARTS ARE MISSING OR IF HIGH GRASS AND WEEDS ARE GROWING AROUND IT !BANDONED VEHICLES OBSERVED IN RODENT ACCESSIBLE GARAGES SHOULD ALSO BE RECORDED 4HE SUMMARY LINE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE FORM SHOULD NOTE THE NUMBER OF PREMISES WITH ABANDONED VEHICLES 4HE TOTAL NUMBER OF VEHICLES MAY BE ENTERED DIRECTLY BELOW THE COLUMN TOTAL IF VEHICLES ARE COUNTED FOR EACH PREMISES#OLUMN !BANDONED !PPLIANCES0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF APPLIANCES SUCH AS REFRIGERATORS STOVES OR WASHING MACHINES ARE STORED IN THE YARD IN A DILAPIDATED OUTBUILDING OR AT THE EDGE OF AN ADJOINING STREET OR ALLEY 0UT ONLY ONE CHECK MARK REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF ITEMS OBSERVED HOWEVER THE NUMBER OF APPLIANCES MAY BE ENTERED IN THE COLUMN INSTEAD OF A CHECK MARK 4HE SURVEY SUMMARY LINE SHOULD SHOW THE NUMBER OF PREMISES WITH 4HE TOTAL NUMBER OF APPLIANCES MAY BE ENTERED DIRECTLY BELOW THE COLUMN TOTAL IF APPLIANCES ARE COUNTED FOR EACH PREMISES #OLUMN ,UMBER OR #LUTTER ON THE 'ROUND0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF A SIGNIlCANT AMOUNT COVERING AT LEAST SQUARE YARD OR SQUARE METER OF LUMBER lREWOOD OR CLUTTER IS ON THE GROUND 4HESE MATERIALS PROVIDE HARBORAGE FOR RODENTS #LUTTER EITHER OUTDOORS OR INDOORS IS DElNED AS DISORGANIZED STORAGE OF USABLE MATERIALS NOT RUBBISH THAT IS NOT BEING USED AND WHICH IMPEDES INSPECTIONS FOR ACTIVE RODENT INFESTATION ! FEW SCATTERED PIECES OF LUMBER OR OTHER MATERIALS SHOULD NOT BE RECORDED NOR SHOULD LUMBER LEFT ON THE GROUND AS A RESULT OF RECENT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION AND IS SUBJECT TO EARLY REMOVAL )F THE AMOUNT IS TO BE QUANTIlED ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF CUBIC YARDS OR CUBIC METERS TO THE NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER 4HE NUMBER RECORDED IN THE 4OTAL ROW AT THE BOTTOM OF THE COLUMN HOWEVER IS ALWAYS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PREMISES WITH A DElCIENCY 4HE TOTAL NUMBER OF CUBIC YARDS OR CUBIC METERS OF LUMBER OR CLUTTER MAY BE ENTERED DIRECTLY BELOW THE COLUMN TOTAL FOR PREMISES #OLUMN /THER ,ARGE 2UBBISH)N BOTH EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR INSPECTIONS PUT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF THERE ARE DISCARDED ITEMS OF RUBBISH THAT ARE TOO LARGE OR OTHERWISE NOT SUITABLE FOR STORAGE IN APPROVED REFUSE CONTAINERS 4HESE ITEMS INCLUDE TIRES AUTOMOBILE ENGINES LARGE CANS AND DRUMS TREE LIMBS RUBBLE DOORS MATTRESSES FURNITURE AND OTHER LARGE ITEMS NOT LISTED IN OTHER COLUMNS )F THE AMOUNT IS TO BE QUANTIlED ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF CUBIC YARDS OR CUBIC METERS TO THE NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER AND ENTER THE NUMBER DIRECTLY BELOW THE COLUMN TOTAL#OLUMN /UTBUILDINGS OR 0RIVIES0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN ONLY IF THE BUILDINGS ON THE PREMISES ARWISE PROVIDE SIGNIlCANT RODENT HARBORAGE ! TIGHT WELL MAINTAINED BUILDING OR AN OPEN CLEAN SHED SHOULD NOT BE RECORDED !PPLIANCES LUMBER CLUTTER OR LARGE RUBBISH IN AN OPEN SHED SHOULD BE REPORTED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE COLUMNS WHEN PRIVIES OR OUTHOUSES ARE FOUND #OLUMN "OARD &ENCES AND 7ALLS0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF DILAPIDATED BOARD FENCES WALLS OR CONCRETE SLABS EG PATIO SLABS BROKEN SIDEWALKS ARE FOUND BECAUSE THEY CAN PROVIDE HARBORAGE FOR RODENTS#OLUMN 0LANT 2ELATED0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF WEEDS OR GRASS ARE MORE THAN INCHES METERS HIGH AND ARE SUFlCIENTLY OVIDE HARBORAGE FOR RODENTS "USHES AND OVERGROWN SHRUBBERY THAT PROVIDE RODENT HARBORAGE ARE ALSO DElCIENCIES THAT SHOULD BE RECORDED .OTE THAT ROOF RATS ARE CLIMBERS AND PREFER TO NEST IN TREES BUSHES AND ATTICS OF DWELLINGS AND OUTBUILDINGS 0UT A CHECK MARK IN THIS COLUMN IF DENSE GROWTH SUCH AS IVY HONEYSUCKLE PYRACANTHA GROUND COVER DENSE SHRUBBERY OR VINES OR PALM TREES PROVIDE HARBORAGE FOR RODENTS ,ARGE PLANTERS INDOORS OR OUTDOORS MAY PROVIDE HARBORAGE FOR RODENTS EITHER IN THE SOIL OR AMONG DENSE VEGETATION )F MORE PRECISE INFORMATION IS DESIRED SYMBOLS IDENTIFYING TYPES OF DENSE GROWTH MAY BE USED TO RECORD SUCH DElCIENCIESD SUCH DElCIENCIESD SUCH DElCIENCIES)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS %NTRY AND !CCESS4HE TWO COLUMNS IN THIS SECTION COLUMNS n ARE FOR RECORDING THE NEED FOR RODENT STOPPAGE WORK TO PREVENT RODENTS FROM ENTERING STRUCTURES ! .ORWAY RAT CAN GAIN ACCESS TO A STRUCTURE THROUGH A HOLE THE DIAMETER OF A 53 QUARTER INCHES OR ACCESS THROUGH A HOLE THE DIAMETER OF A 53 DIME 3TRCLUDE ADULT .ORWAY TO EXCLUDE ADULT ROOF RATS AND LESS THAN IN MILLIMETERS IN DIAMETER TO EXCLUDE ADULT MICE )F OPENINGS ARE SEALED TOTALLY CLOSED COCKROACHES AND OTHER INSECTS WILL ALSO BE EXCLUDED&ROM A RUNNING START A HOUSE MOUSE CAN JUMP UP TO FEET METERS HIGH A .ORWAY RAT UP TO FEET HIGH 4HEREFORE OPENINGS UP TO FEET METERS FROM THE GROUND MUST BE SEALED OR COVERED WITH MESH #OLUMN 3TRUCTURAL $ElCIENCIES0UT A CHECK IN THIS COLUMN IF AN ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL RODENT ENTRUCTURAL DEFECTS IS OBSERVED #OMMON DEFECTS INCLUDE HOLES IN CRUMBLING MASONRY FOUNDATIONS DETERIORATED FASCIA BOARDS AT THE EDGE OF ROOFS AND POORLY lTTED DOORS WITH GAPS OF SUFlCIENT SIZE TO PERMIT RODENT ENTRY#OLUMN 0IPE AND 7IRING 'APSASSOCIATED WITH A WIRE PIPE OR OTHER CONDUIT PENETRATES AND IS SUFlCIENTLY LARGE TO PERMIT RODENT ENTRY &OR INTERIOR WALLS mOORS OR CEILINGS ARE FOUND!CTIVE 3IGNS0UT A CHECK IN COLUMN IF ACTIVE OR FRESH RODENT SIGNS ARE OBSERV! PREMISES IS CONSIDERED INFESTED WITH RODENTS ONLY IF ACTIVE SIGNS ARE FOUND EG SIGHTINGS DROPPINGS RUNWAYS RUB MARKS BURROWS OR OPENINGS GNAW MARKS TRACKS 4HE INFESTATION RATE IS CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE NUMBER OF PREMISES ON A BLOCK WITH ACTIVSIGNS DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PREMISES ON A )F ADDITIONAL DETAILS ARE DESIRED SYMBOLS COULD BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO .OR!CTIVE RODENT SIGNS USUALLY WILL BE ONE OR MORE OF THE SIGNS LISTED BELOW -ORE PRECISE INFORMATION CAN BE RECORDED BY USING THE FOLLOWING SYMBOLS INSTEAD OF CHECK MARKS "URROWS ACTIVE BURROW ENTRANCES DO NOT HAVE COBW &ECAL DROPPINGS OR URINE FRESH FECES ARE DARK AND SOFT OLD FECES ARE HARD OR GRAY AND BRITTLE URINE ET GLOSSY OR STICKY OR MAY BE A DRIED STAIN ! BLACK LIGHT CAN HELP SHOW RODENT URINE 'NAWED HOLES GNAW MARKS OR TOOTH MARKS A FRESHLY GNAWED SURFACE IS USUALLY LIGHT IN COLOR 2UB MARKS IF FRESH THEY ARE BLACK SOFT AND GREASY 2UNS WELL TRAVELED PATHS .OTE RUNS USUALLY LEAD TO FOOD SOURCES WATER AND HARBORAGE 44RACKS FRESH FOOT TRACKS OR TAIL DRAG MARKS 2ODENT HAIRS OFTEN FOUND ON RUB MARKS OR AT ENTRY HOLES TO BUILDINGSEMARKS)NTERIOR )NSPECTION 5SING A -ODIlED "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM -UCH OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR COMPLETING AN INTERIOR EXCLUSIVELY ON DElCIENCIES FOUND INDOORS !N INTERIOR FORM SHOULD INCLUDE SPACE FOR THE PREMISES ADDRESS AND THE NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS AT THAT ADDRESS 4HE FORMS DESIGN SHOULD DEPEND ON THE NEEDS OF THE LOCAL S DESIGN SHOULD DEPEND ON THE NEEDS OF THE LOCAL S DESIGN SHOULD DEPEND ON THE NEEDS OF THE LOCAL )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS )0- PROGRAM BUT SUGGESTED CATEGORIES ARE LISTED IN THIS SECTION -ANY OF THESE CATEGORIES ARE EXPLAINED IN THE )NSTRUCTIONS FOR #OMPLETING THE "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM CATEGORIES NOT EXPLAINED IN THAT SECTION ARE EXPLAINED BELOW 0REMISES 4YPE RESIDENTIALCOMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL0REMISES $ETAILS LEVEL OR mOOR WHERE UNIT IS LOCATED ROOM TYPE EG BEDROOM BATHROOM HALLWAY SEWER PIPES OR STORM WATER DRAINS ON PREMISES&OODUNAPPROVED REFUSE STORAGEUNAPPROVED FOOD STORAGE FOOD MATERIAL STORED OTECTED BOXOR OTHER CONTAINERS OR STORED UNDER STORAGE CONDITIONS THAT ARE NOT RODENT PROOF ;EG CEREAL CARTONS= AND 7ATER STANDING WATER(ARBORAGE CLUTTER OR STORAGE ON THE mOOR OTHER LARGE RUBBISH OVIDING %NTRY AND !CCESS STRUCTURAL DElCIENCIES AND!CTIVE 3IGNSFECAL DROPPINGS URINEHOLES GNAWINGS BURROWSTRACKS RUNS RUB MARKS AND RODENT BITES REPORTED 4HIS ITEM IS TO CAPTURE Y A RODENT WITHIN THE MONTH PERIOD BEFORE THE INSPECTION )NFORMATION SHOULD BE COLLECTED ABOUT THE AND THE ACTION TAKEN BY THE HEALTH AUTHORITY )NFORMATION ABOUT THE RODENT INFESTATION BITES CIRCUMSTANCES UNSANITARY CONDITIONS FOOD AND WATER ACCESS AND HARBORAGE WILL BE VALUABLE IN THE EFFORT TO ELIMINATE THE INFESTATION.OTE (AVING THE INSPECTION TEAM CARRY A SMALL PORTABLE (%0! lLTERING VACUUM CLEANER TO REMOVE RODENT SIGNS EG DROPPINGS AND NESTING MATERIAL MAY BE BENElCIAL 4HE VACUUM CLEANER CAN ALSO BE USED TO REMOVE POTENTIALLY ALLERGENIC MATERIAL FROM THE DWELLING 2EMARKS INCLUDE A 2EMARKS SECTION TO RECORD ADDITIONAL INFORMATION EG HEAVY RAT INFESTATION IN AN APARTMENT WITH VERY YOUNG CHILDREN THAT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION OR REFERRAL TO ANOTHER DEPARTMENT TMENT TMENT )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS ')3 AND -APPING')3 IS A HIGHLY VALUED TOOL AS ARE MAPS OF THE TARGET AREA OR COMMUNITY -APS HELP DElNE THE INFESTATION PROBLEM AND ITS CAUSES AS WELL AS MEASURE PROGRESS TOWARD ELIMINATING THE PROBLEM -APS OF THE TARGET AREA ARE OFTEN USED BY PROGRAMS TO MAKE BLOCK INSPECTION ASSIGNMENTS SHOW CHANGING PATTERNS IN INFESTATIONS AND THEIR CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS AND MEASURE PROGRESS IN ADDRESSING THE RODENT PROBLEM 4ABLE SHOWS EXAMPLES OF THE TYPES OF MAJOR DElCIENCIES AND ASSOCIATED MAP COLORS ON A ')3 MAP-APS MAY BE PREPARED FOR OTHER CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS INCLUDING WATER SOURCES AND ENTRPRIORITIES FOR CORRECTIVE ACTIONS4HE GOAL OF AN )0- PROGRAM SHOULD BE TO REDUCE RODENT POPULATIONS AND THEIR CAUSATIVEL THAT THEY NO LONGER HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE COMMUNITY 4HE FOLLOWING SET OF CRITERIA SHOULD BE ACHIEVED FOR A BLOCK OR FOR THE DElNED TARGET AREA OR LESS OF THE PREMISES WITH ACTIVE EXTERIOR R OR LESS OF THE PREMISES WITH UNAPPROVED REFUSE STORAGE4HESE CRITERIA ARE BASED ON THOSE USED BY THE FEDERAL URBAN RAT CONTROL PRECTED BY #$# FROM TO THROUGHOUT THE 5NITED 3TATES !BOUT WITH RATS APPLIED THESE CRITERIA IN THEIR )0- EFFORTS AND ATTAINED AN ESSENTIALLY RAT FREE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPROVED STATUS (ENCE THIS SET OF CRITERIA BECAME AREA OR COMMUNITY ,OCAL RODENT )0- AUTHORITIES MAY AS NEEDED 4OLERANCE LIMITS WILL PROVIDE EVALUATIVE FEEDBACK TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION TO BE TAKEN BY A RODENT )0- PROGRAM 4ABLE 4YPES OF -AJOR %XTERIOR $ElCIENCIES AND !SSOCIATED #OLORS ON A ')3 -AP 2ODENT )NFESTATION!CTIVE 2ODENT 3IGNS.ONE IN BLOCK'REEN9ELLOW2ODENT &OOD5NAPPROVED 2EFUSE 3TORAGE.ONE IN BLOCK'REEN9ELLOW%XPOSED 'ARBAGE.ONE IN BLOCK'REEN9ELLOW 0ERCENTAGES HAVE BEEN ROUNDED TO THE NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER)NFESTATION IS CALCULATED AS THE NUMBER OF PREMISES WITH ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PREMISES ON A BLOCK TIMES EMISES ON A BLOCK TIMES EMISES ON A BLOCK TIMES )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS #OMPREHENSIVE SURVEYS IE PREMISES BY PREMISES TO IDENTIFY ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS AND THEIR CAUSATIVE YEARLY FOR ALL BLOCKS THAT HAVE NOT REACHED THE TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS EXPOSED GARBAGE OR UNAPPROVED REFUSE STORAGE #OMPREHENSIVE INSPECTIONS SHOULD CONTINUE UNTIL OR MORE OF THE BLOCKS IN A TARGET AREA HAVE ACHIEVED THE ESTABLISHED TOLERANCE LIMIT AND HAVE MAINTAINED THAT STATUS FOR AT LEAST YEAR 4HEREAFTER A SAMPLE SURVEY PROCEDURE MAY BE USED TWO OR MORE TIMES A YEAR TO VERIFY THE STATUS OF THE TARGET AREA BLOCKS THAT HAVE ACHIEVED THE TOLERANCE LIMIT FOR THE OTHER BLOCKS COMPREHENSIVE INSPECTIONS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED AT LEAST TWICE YEARLY)F THE SURVEY DATA INDICATE THAT CONDITIONS HAVE DETERIORATED AND THAT RATES OF ACTIVE RODENT SIGNS OVED REFUSE STORAGE HAVE RISEN ABOVE THE TOLERANCE LIMIT APPROPRIATE )0- INTERVENTIONS WILL BE REQUIRED BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF )NTERIOR 4OLERANCE ,IMITS)NTERIOR INSPECTIONS REQUIRE VISITING EVERY ROOM OF EVERY UNIT OR EVERY LOCATION OF A STRUCTURE ON A PREMISES 4HESE VISITS PROVIDE INSPECTORS WITH A DETAILED PROlLE OF THE INFESTATION AND ITS CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS /NE DIFlCULTY IN THIS ASPECT OF AN URBAN )0- PROGRAM IS THAT INSPECTORS ARE NOT LIKELY TO GAIN ENTRY TO ALL PREMISES UNITS OR LOCATIONS &ROM THE STANDPOINT OF GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE THE TOLERANCE LIMIT RATS OR MICE IN HUMAN LIVING QUARTERS SHOULD BE ZERO THAT IS RODENTS SHOULD NOT LIVE WITH PEOPLE 4O ACHIEVE AND SUSTAIN A ZERO TOLERANCE LIMIT FOR RODENT INFESTATION FOR ONE OR MORE DWELLING UNITS THE GARBAGE AND UNAPPROVED REFUSE STORAGE&OR INTERIOR SURVEYS THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL BROAD ODENT ENTRY AND ACCESS ROUTES WITHIN FEET METERS OF GRADE OR OTHER LOW HORIZONTAL SURFACES4HIS TOLERANCE LIMIT FOR ENTRY AND ACCESS ROUTES MAY NOT FULLY ADDRESS THE PREXTERIOR PREMISES BUT IT GREATLY INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF ACHIEVING THE ZERO TOLERANCE LIMIT FOR RODENTS IN DWELLING UNITS A KEY QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUE 4HIS LIMIT ALSO PROMOTES THE APPLICATION OF RODENT STOPPAGE INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE ESSENTIAL TO REDUCING INTERIOR 4HE URBAN RODENT SURVEY IS AN ESSENTIAL TOOL IN THE )0- EFFORT TO MANAGE ROBLEMS 4HE SURVEY PROVIDES PRECISE INFORMATION ABOUT INFESTATIONS AND THEIR CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS AND IT MEASURES PROGRESS TOWARD 4HIS MANUAL SHOULD SERVE AS A BASIS FOR DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING VALID SURVMAGNITUDE OF INFESTATION PROBLEMS AND THEIR CAUSES FOR IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTIONS AND FOR MEASURING PROGRESS 4HE SURVEY HOWEVER IS ONLY A FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANY ACTIVITIES OF A RODENT )0- PROGRAM !N )0- PROGRAM CANNOT SUCCEED WITHOUT THE COMMITMENT OF THE LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITY OTHER PROFESSIONALS AND THE OFESSIONALS AND THE OFESSIONALS AND THE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 3ELECTED 2EFERENCES#ENTER FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL .ATIONAL URBAN RAT CONTROL PROJECT DIRECTORS MEETING !PR n-AY !TLANTA 'EORGIA !TLANTA 53 $EPARTMENT OF (EALTH %DUCATION AND 7ELFARE #ENTER FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL 5RBAN RAT SURVEYS !TLANTA 53 $EPAREALTH %DUCATION AND 7ELFARE #ENTER FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL 5RBAN RAT CONTROL PROGRAM SURV !TLANTA 53 $EPARTMENT OF (EALTH %DUCATION AND 7ELFARE #ENTER FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL 5RBAN RAT CONTROL PROGRAM INTERIOR RAT CONTROL DElNITIONS AND CRITERIA !EPARTMENT OF (EALTH %DUCATION AND 7ELFARE #ENTER FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL 5RBAN RAT CONTROL PROGRAM ROOF RAT CONTR$EPARTMENT OF (EALTH %DUCATION AND 7ELFARE #ENTERS FOR $ISEASE #ONTROL 5RBAN RAT SURVEYS !TLANTA 53 $TMENT OF (EALTH AND (UMAN 3ERVICES ((3 PUBLICATION NUMBER #$# $AVIS $% )N (OUK 6. 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,JQRUHDQ\QXPEHURYHUEHFDXVHRQO\EORFNVH[LVWLQWKHWRWDOSRSXODWLRQWREHVXUYH\HG+DPDWWHU&RQWLQXHXQWLOQXPEHUVDUHVHOHFWHG"TTVNJOHCMPDLTXJMMCFDIPTFOGSPNBUPUBMQPQVMBUJPOPGCMPDLT UIFTFMFDUJPOQSPDFTTDBOCFJMMVTUSBUFEBTGPMMPXTJTUIFOVNCFSGPSNFECZWFSUJDBMDPMVNOTPOUBMSPXPGUIFUIJSEQBHFPG XIJDIJTNPSFUIBO TPDPOUJOVFEPXOUIFTBNFDPMVNOTCZIPSJ[POUBMSPSFBDIFE#MPDLXPVMECFUIFmSTUCMPDL7KHRWKHU EORFNVFKRVHQZRXOGEHEHFDXVHLWLVRY PRYHWRWKHWRSRIWKHSDJHYHUWLFDOFROXPQV²IRUWKHUHPDLQLQJQXPEHUV BSFGPVOEJOUIFOVNCFSTGPSNFECZZZ)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4ABLE " 2ANDOM .UMBERS 4ABLE )NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS )NTRODUCTION)0- "ASICS$ElNITION AND 0HILOSOPHY0ROGRAM #OMPONENTS#HARACTERISTICS OF 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS"ASIC 5NITS IN THE /PERATIONAL 0ROGRAM3AMPLE 6ERSUS #OMPREHENSIVE 3URVEYS0ERSONNEL 2EQUIREMENTS3URVEY 0ROCEDURES3AMPLE 3URVEY -ETHODOLOGY3URVEY #REWS AND %QUIPMENT0REMISES )NSPECTIONˆ%XTERIOR0REMISES )NSPECTIONˆ)NTERIOR)NSTRUCTIONS FOR #OMPLETING THE "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM0REMISES !DDRESS0REMISES 4YPE 0REMISES $ETAILS&OOD7ATER(ARBORAGE%NTRY AND !CCESS!CTIVE 3IGNS2EMARKS)NTERIOR )NSPECTION 5SING A -ODIlED "LOCK 2ECORD %XTERIOR )NSPECTION &ORM 0REMISES 4YPE 0REMISES $ETAILS &OOD7ATER (ARBORAGE %NTRY AND !CCESS !CTIVE 3IGNS2EMARKS ')3 AND -APPING)NTERIOR 4OLERANCE ,IMITS3ELECTED 2EFERENCES!PPENDIX !ˆ3URVEY &ORMSORMSORMS)NTEGRATED 0EST -ANAGEMENT #ONDUCTING 5RBAN 2ODENT 3URVEYS 4HIS MANUAL IS FOR CLASSROOM USE AND FOR lELD TRAINING OF PROGRAM MANAGERS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS INSPECTORS OUTREACH WORKERS AND OTHERS WHO WORK IN COMMUNITY BASED RODENT INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS 4HE MANUAL IS ALSO A REFERENCE FOR SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND FOR THE PREPARATION OF REPORTS )NTRODUCTION&OR CENTURIES PEOPLE HAVE RECOGNIZED THAT RATS AND MICE ARE NOT ONLY A NUISANCE BUT ARE A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM 2ATS AND MICE DAMAGE AND CONTAMINATE FOOD DAMAGE STRUCTURES AND CARRY DISEASES THAT THREATEN HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE AND THEY CAN CAUSE INJURY AND DEATH 4HIS MANUAL DESCRIBES TECHNIQUES TO HELP US PROTECT OURSELVES FROM THESE DISEASE VECTORS BY GATHERING INFORMATION SURVEILLANCE ABOUT INFESTATIONS AND ABOUT THE CAUSATIVE CONDITIONS OF INFESTATION !CCURATE RECORDKEEPING BY PUBLIC HEALTH OFlCIALS PROVIDES THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO MANAGE RODENT AND OTHER PEST PROBLEMS5RBAN RODENT SURVEYS OF EXTERIOR AREAS ARE THE PRIMARY MEANS FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION ON RODENT INFESTATIONS AND ON PREMISES WITH ENVIRT COMMENSAL RODENT POPULATIONS IN HOUSING AND ON PREMISESS 3URVEY AREAS SHOULD INCLUDE RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL AND CIVIC BUILDINGS VACANT LOTS AND PUBLIC AREAS 4HE RODENT SPECIES PRIMARILY TARGETED IN SURVEYS ARE THE .ORWAY RAT 2ATTUS NORVEGICUS ROOF 2ATTUS RATTUS-US MUSCULUS5RBAN RODENT SURVEYS AS WELL AS SURVEYS FOR OTHER PESTS FULlLL AN ESSENTIAL SURVEILLANCE REMENT FOR EVERY INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT )0- PROGRAM WHICH IS A DElNED COMMUNITY )0- IS A LONG TERM EFFECTIVE AND HOLISTIC APPROACH TO MANAGING PESTS OF ALL KINDS BY CAREFULLY COMBINING VARIOUS INTERVENTIONS EG EDUCATION CODE ENFORCEMENT RODENT PROOlNG POISONING IN WAYS THAT MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND DElCIENCIES THAT AFFECT PEOPLES HEALTH4HE FOCUS OF THIS MANUAL IS ON HOW TO CONDUCT A SURVEYCOVERED BRIEmY TO ESTABLISH THEIR LINK TO THE SURVEY 4HIS MANUAL IS FOR CLASSROOM USE AND FOR THE lELD TRAINING OF PROGRAM MANAGERS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS OUTREACH WORKERS INSPECTORS AND OTHERS WHO WORK IN COMMUNITY BASED RODENT )0- PROGRAMS 4HIS MANUAL IS ALSO A REFERENCE ON SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND ON THE PREPARATION OF REPOR)0- "ASICS$ElNITION AND 0HILOSOPHY)0- REQUIRES A SHIFT FROM THE TYPICAL PEST CONTROL EFFORTS THAT OFTEN EMPHASIZE POISONING AND TRAPPING 7ITH )0- PESTS AND DISEASE VECTORS ARE MANAGED BY MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT &OR )0- TO SUCCEED ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE PEST IS ACTIVE AND THE PERIODIC CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING THE PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE ENVIRONMENT MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT )N ADDITION THE SAFETY OF THE PEOPLE THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE NONTARGET ANIMALS SUCH AS PETS BIRDS AND LIVESTOCK MUST BE CONSIDERED)0- IS A DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN WHICH ALL INTERVENTIONS ARE FOCUSED ON A PEST PRTHE GOAL OF PROVIDING THE SAFEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE ECONOMICAL AND SUSTAINED REMEDY )0- IS A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMS APPROACH)0- IS BASED ON AND SHOULD ADHERE TO THE SOUND OF BIRTH RATES MORTALITY RATES AND MOVUNDERSTANDING OF POPULATION DYNAMICS IS IMPORTANT OF RODENT POPULATIONS DEPENDS ON THAT UNDERSTANDING AND ON CONDUCTING APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS BASED ON CONTROL STATES THAT hPOLITICAL MECHANISMS MUST BE ABLE TO ADMINISTER THE CONTROL PROCEDURES THAT ARE DICTATED BY THE PRINCIPLES ;OF POPULATION DYNAMICS= x! 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