Practice Pedigrees! Try them out! - PowerPoint Presentation

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Practice Pedigrees! Try them out!

A shape with a dot in the center denotes a ‘carrier’Slide2

Cartoons of the Day!Slide3

Cartoons of the Day!Slide4

Cartoons of the Day!Slide5

Cartoons of the Day!Slide6

Cartoons of the Day!Slide7

Are you ready for some Pedigrees?!?!

Before we move on any questions regarding Punnett Squares?Slide8

What are Pedigrees?

A pedigree is a diagram of family relationships that uses symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships.

Pedigrees are often used to determine the mode of inheritance (dominant, recessive, etc.) of genetic diseases.Autosomal: Refers to chromosomes that are NOT sex chromosomes (xx or xy). Slide9

Anatomy of a Pedigree

Circle= Female

Square= MaleA line connecting a square and a circle implies they “mated.” Probably in the early afternoon. If a circle or square is darkened, that means has a particular trait or suffers from a disease/disorder.

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Different Modes of Inheritance:

1.) Autosomal Dominant

Diseases or traits that exhibit an Autosomal Dominant inheritance pattern follow the following rule:A = the trait (a genetic disease or abnormality, dominant)
a = normal (recessive)Examples of autosomal dominant

disorders:

A

chondroplasia

, pseudoachondroplasia, the multiple epiphyseal dysplasias, chondrodysplasias, osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, polydactyly, hereditary motor sensory neuropathies I and II (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), myotonic dystrophy, and neurofibromatosis. Slide11

Are these both examples of Autosomal Dominant Pedigrees?

A

B

Explain your answer!

What are the genotypes in pedigree B?Slide12

Quick Review Question! You know you love it!

What

can you conclude from these two examples about the parents of a person that has a dominant characteristic? A.)If a person has a dominant trait, the parents will not have the trait.
B.)If a person has a dominant trait, the parents might have the trait or they might not have it.
C.) If

a person has a dominant trait, at least one of the parents will have the trait

.


D.)If

a person has a dominant trait, both of the parents will have the trait.Slide13

Another Example: Aww

Yea!!

What are the genotypes in this pedigree?Slide14

Quick Review Questions: The Adventure Continues!

1.) Is it possible that this pedigree is for an autosomal dominant trait?

2.) Can two individuals that have an autosomal dominant trait have unaffected children? A.)If two individuals have a dominant trait, none of their offspring will have the trait.


B.)If

two individuals have a dominant trait, their offspring might or might not have the trait

.


C.)If

two individuals have a dominant trait, their offspring will have the trait.Slide15

Different Modes of Inheritance:

2.) Autosomal Recessive

Diseases or traits that follow Autosomal Recessive inheritance patterns:A = normal
a = the trait (a genetic disease or abnormality)Examples of Autosomal Recessive diseases: Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia (

We will study this very soon),

and

Tay

Sachs disease. Slide16

Guess what: More Pedigrees!

Assuming that the trait is recessive, write the genotype of each individual next to the symbol.

Is this an example of an Autosomal Recessive Pedigree?Slide17

What About this one?

Assuming the disorder is recessive, is this an example of an Autosomal Recessive pedigree?

Write in the Genotypes for each individual.Slide18

Quick Review Question:

Great things come in 3’s  1.) If

a trait is autosomal recessive, what can you conclude about the children if both parents are affected? A.) If both parents are affected, none of the children will be affected.B.)If both parents are affected, the children might or might not be affected.


C.)If

both parents are affected, all of the children will be affected.Slide19

Hmm, what about this one?

Is it possible that this pedigree is for an autosomal recessive trait?

What are the Genotypes for these individuals?Slide20

Quick Review Question:

If a trait is autosomal recessive, what can you conclude about the children of two parents that are not affected?

A.) If two parents have a dominant trait, the children will not have the trait.
B.) If two parents have a dominant trait, the children might or might not have the trait.
C.) If two parents have a dominant trait, the children will have the trait.Slide21

Challenge Question 1

Can this pedigree possible represent an Autosomal Recessive disease?

What does this pedigree infer about recessive traits?

Assign Genotypes as usual.Slide22

Different Modes of Inheritance:

3.) X-Linked Recessive

The sex of an individual has been linked to certain disorders, we’ll finish by examining these pedigrees.New NomenclatureXA = normal
Xa = the trait (a genetic disease or abnormality)
Y = Y chromosome (males only

)

Examples for a Female:

X

A

X

a

, X

A

X

A

,

X

a

X

a

What would the male sex genotype look like?

Examples for Males

: X

A

Y, X

a

Y

 Slide23

Let’s Practice

Assign the genotypes (Use X and Y’s now).

Is it possible that the pedigree above is  for an X-linked recessive trait?Slide24

Keep Going, almost there!

Assign the genotypes (Use X and Y’s now).

Is it possible that

these pedigrees represent

an X-linked recessive trait?Slide25

Last Quick Review Questions!

What can you conclude about the children of mothers affected with an X-linked recessive

trait: If the mother has an X-linked recessive trait, the children will not have the trait.
A. )If the mother has an X-linked recessive trait, the children might or might not have the trait.
B.) If the mother has an X-linked recessive trait, all of the children will have the trait

.


C.) If

the mother has an X-linked recessive trait, females will have the trait but males will only have the trait if their father also has the trait

.


D.) If

the mother has an X-linked recessive trait, males will have the trait, but females will only have the trait if their father also has the trait.Slide26

Last Quick Review Questions

! A New Hope! What can you conclude about the father of an affected female?

A.)The father of an affected female will not be affected.
B.) The father of an affected female might or might not be affected.
C.)The

father of an affected female will be affected.

Why is this so? Let’s Explore that tomorrow!Slide27

Homework!

Create a simple Pedigree of your own family!Figure out whether a trait (eye color, hair color, a disease) has an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive behavior.2 Generations are required

but 3 would be best.Due Thursday!

ExampleSlide28

Solution!

EHF

EhF

Ehf

eHF

ehF

ehf

EHF

ehf

ehF

eHF

Ehf

EhF

EEHHFF

Fill in the rest of the table and interpret the data!Slide29

Question of the Day!

What makes a family a family? When does a immediate family stop and an ancestry begin?Slide30

We Are Family!

Introduction to Dihybrid Crosses and Pedigree Genetics

Mr. NicholsPHHSSlide31

Cartoon of the Day!Slide32

Cartoon of the Day!Slide33

Cartoon of the Day!Slide34

Introduction Problems

In summer squash, white fruit color (A) is dominant over yellow fruit color (a)

and disk-shaped fruit (D) is dominant over sphere-shaped fruit (d). If a white homozygote squash with Heterozgous disk-shaped fruit  is crossed with a yellow, sphere-shaped fruit,  what will the phenotypic and genotypic ratios be for:Slide35

Try this one on your own!

In the deep rainforests of Brazil lives the Ocamazi tribe, amongst the members of this tribe exists a dominant trait for webbed feet (F), most have this trait, those that don’t have non-webbed feet (f). Additionally most members of this tribe webbed hands(W), a small minority have normal non-webbed fingers (w). Needless to say this tribe is great at swimming.

Problem: An Ocamazi princess Heterozygous for both webbed feet and fingers travels to another tribe to meet her soon to be husband, his tribe also has webbed feet which is also heterozygous for but no webbed hands which he is homozygous for. Draw the cross for the mating of these two people. Slide36

Solution

Princess: FfWw Husband:

Ffww

FFWw

FFWw

FfWw

FfWw

FFww

FfWw

FFww

ffww

ffWw

Ffww

ffww

ffWw

Ffww

Ffww

Ffww

FfWw

FW

fw

Fw

Fw

fw

Fw

fW

fw

F-Webbed Feet, f-Non Webbed Feet

W- Webbed hands, w-Non Webbed hands

Interpret this data!Slide37

Challenge Problem

You are a world-famous breeder of Purple-People Eaters.  Tragically, your entire stock perishes in a fire except for two individuals.  They are both heterozygous for all three traits desired.  The three traits are as follows:

TraitsEE or Ee=Two eyes        ee= One eye

H

H

or

Hh

=

T

wo

horns

hh

= One

horn

FF or

Ff

= Non-flying

ff

= FlyingSlide38

HAPPY FRIDAY, GET YOUR NOTES OUT IN PREPARATION FOR AMAZING THINGS TO COME!!!Slide39

Cartoons of the Day!Slide40
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Cartoons of the Day!Slide43

Cartoons of the Day!Slide44

Cartoons of the Day!Slide45

Solve the following Pedigree by assigning genotypes and determining the mode of inheritance.Slide46

Cartoons of the Day!Slide47

Cartoons of the Day!Slide48

Cartoons of the Day!Slide49

Cartoons of the Day!Slide50

Cartoons of the Day!Slide51

Cartoons of the Day!Slide52

Cartoons of the Day!Slide53

Remaining FUNWORK!!!!

1.) Pedigree Practice Problems (Due Friday)2.) Family Pedigree (Due Friday)

3.) Midterm Study Guide (Due Thursday)Besides the midterms these are the remaining assignments for the semester. Slide54

Family Pedigree Assignment

1.) Construct a trio of 3 generation pedigrees for the following traits. 1 pedigree for each trait.Hitchhiker’s thumb, widow’s peak, attached earlobes.

Each pedigree must be labeled with the names and ages of those involved. If unknown label ‘Unknown. Slide55

Traits!