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Presidential vs. Parliamentary Democracy Presidential vs. Parliamentary Democracy

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Democracy - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2016-03-15

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Democracy - PPT Presentation

Overview Dimensions for evaluating democratic institutions Normative Positive Defining presidential parliamentary and mixed democracies How do they work Implications of executivelegislative relations for policies and stability of democracy ID: 257366

dimensions institutions presidential evaluating institutions dimensions evaluating presidential democracy stability government parliamentary democracies presidentialism executive protection issues gridlock divided

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Presidential vs. Parliamentary DemocracySlide2

Overview

Dimensions for evaluating democratic institutions.

Normative

Positive

Defining presidential, parliamentary, and mixed democracies

How do they work?

Implications of executive-legislative relations for policies and stability of democracy.Slide3

Dimensions for analyzing democratic institutions

Protection of liberty

Protection of minorities

Decisiveness, especially under stress

Credibility of commitments

Stability

Quality of democracy

Representativeness

Accountability

Rent-

seeking and corruptionSlide4

Dimensions for analyzing democratic institutions (cont.)

Public versus private goods

Broad versus targeted programs and expenditures

The extent of redistribution

Budget deficits

Size of government as a share of GDPSlide5

What are the features that distinguish parliamentary and presidential regimes?Slide6

What are the features that distinguish parliamentary and presidential regimes?

Crucial questions:

How is the executive selected?

Is the executive dependent on legislative confidence?Slide7
Slide8
Slide9

What about France?Slide10

French president

French Prime MinisterSlide11
Slide12
Slide13
Slide14

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Protection of liberty, prevention of tyranny.Slide15

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Protection of liberty, prevention of tyranny.

Some issues:

Madison and Hamilton: Ambition should counteract ambition

But tyranny in parliamentary democracies?

Too much power in hands of president? Russia? Too easy to fall into authoritarianism?Slide16

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Decisiveness, especially under stress.Slide17

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Decisiveness, especially under stress.

Some issues:

Madison and Hamilton again: Good to have one individual rather than collegial executive

Can’t a PM be decisive?

What about presidents without legislative backing?Slide18

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Credibility of commitments, policy stabilitySlide19

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Credibility of commitments, policy stability

Some issues:

Uncertainty about coalitions

Decree authority

GridlockSlide20

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Stability of democracy.

What did you learn in the readings?Slide21

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Stability of democracy.

What did you learn in the readings?

Why do presidential democracies fail?

Gridlock, divided government

Why do presidential systems end up with divided government?Slide22

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Stability of democracy.

What did you learn in the readings?

Why do presidential democracies fail?

Gridlock, divided government

Why do presidential systems end up with divided government?

Geography

BalancingSlide23

Why are presidential systems so fragmented?

The disciplining role of the no-confidence procedure

What incentives do individual members of the legislature face?Slide24

Presidentialism and gridlock

Is there a problem with presidential democracy, or perhaps a problem with multi-party presidential democracy?Slide25
Slide26

How do presidents get things done?

In the United States?

In a multi-party presidential system like Brazil?Slide27

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Rent-seeking and corruption?Slide28

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Rent-seeking and corruption?

Some issues:

Parliamentarism: Politicians can collude, less oversight because of lacking division of power

But what about the problem of decree authority under presidentialism?Slide29

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

Pork versus national collective goodsSlide30

Dimensions for evaluating institutions

The “quality” of democracy

What did Bagehot say?

Accountability

ResponsivenessSlide31

Endogenous institutions

What kinds of countries choose presidentialism?Slide32

Endogenous institutions

What kinds of countries choose presidentialism?

Moments when demands for strong leadership are overwhelming.

Constitutions written by “strongmen” (De Gaul, Yeltsin).

History of military involvement in politics.

Large and diverse countries?