Rigging Equipment

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Rigging Equipment

Industry Fundamentals and Occupational Safety Unit 6

Rigging

Rigging is when you use equipment to move materials from one location to another. Through the use of equipment the material is attached to the physical machine doing the work to move the materials to the desired location.Basic Equipment:SlingsHitchShacklesEyeboltsClampsHooks

Slings

A sling is the device that connects the load to the machine doing the lifting. Three major types of slings:Synthetic SlingAlloy Steel Chain SlingWire Rope Sling

Sling

Tagging

All slings are required to be “tagged”. Tagging is a form of identification that gives the specifics of that particular type of sling.Synthetic Tagging Requirements:Manufacturer/Trade MarkManufacturer’s stock numberRated capacity/ type of hitches Materials used to create sling

Tagging

Alloy Steel Chain Tagging Requirements:Manufacturer/Trade MarkManufacturer’s stock numberLink SizeRated Load and angle rating is based onSling reachWire Rope Tagging Requirements:Manufacturer/Trade MarkManufacturer’s stock numberRated capacity in a vertical hitch/ other hitch optionsSize of wire rope

Example of Tags:

Synthetic Sling

Synthetic slings are made of modified synthetic fabrics that are weaved or roped together to provide strength.

There are two main types of synthetic slings:Web SlingsRound Slings

Round Sling

Web Sling

Synthetic Web Sling

Characteristics:Soft and WideDo not rust or erodeLight weightFlexible and ElasticLess likely to twist when in useWhen using web slings it’s important to note that they can’t be exposed to high temperatures.Web slings also can be damaged through cuts, abrasions, and wear and tear. However, most synthetic web slings have “warning yarn” which indicate when exposed that the sling has too much damage and should no longer be used.

Warning Yarn

Synthetic Web Sling Types

Synthetic endless web slings, also know as grommet slings, are a continuous circle of the fibers creating the slingSynthetic web eye-and-eye slings which are created by sewing an end of the sling to the the sling’s main body creating two loop holes

Synthetic Round Sling

Round slings are endless and made from polyester filament yarn formed into a continuous circle.The yarn that makes the sling is covered by a woven sleeve of synthetic fiber to protect it.When the sling has been stretched beyond a safe limit, tattle-tail yarns will show indicating the need to retire the sling.

Alloy Steel Chain Slings

Alloy steel chains can be used for many different rigging operationsChain slings are commonly used in high heat or rugged conditions.Alloyed Sling can be used in temperatures up to 500 degreesChain slings are adjusted over the center of gravityThe slings can be easily damaged if loads are dropped on them or wrapped tightly around corners.

Alloy Steel Chain Sling Types

Single and double basket slings: the chain is attached to the master link in a permanent hitchDo not require end fitting hardware Chain bridle slings: have the option of two or four legged slings.Require hardware such as: eye hooks, grab hooks, plate hooks, or links

Wire Rope Slings

Wire rope slings are made from steel wires that are wrapped around a cordThey are flexible and lighter than alloy chain slingsThe cords within the rope move and adjust based on the stresses placed on the rope when in useBasic Components:Supporting coreHigh-grade steel wiresMultiple center wires

Wire Rope Slings: Supporting Core

Fiber cores Synthetic fabrics or vegetable fibersStrand coresMultiple strands all the same sizeIndependent wire rope coresSeparate wire ropes with their own core and strands

Hitches

The hitch is the way the sling is arranged to hold a load, also referred to as rigging configuration.The type of hitch used depends on the sling, load, and the intended movement of the load while in motion.Types:Vertical ChokerBasket

Vertical Hitch

Vertical Hitches are used to lift a load straight up and downAnother form of this hitch is a bridle hitch which consists of two or more legs within one hitchThis form of hitch allows the load to rotate freelyIf you do not want the load to move freely you must use a form of load control

Vertical Hitch

Choker Hitch

A choker hitch is used when there are no direct points of attachmentIt is not recommended for loose bundlesIf the item is longer than 12 feet at least 2 choker hitches are recommendedChoker hitches reduce the strength of the sling to about 25% of the original capacityThe choker hitch is made by looping a sling around the load and pulling it through the eye creating a chocker around the loadThe passing through the eye is through a shackle

Basket Hitch

Basket hitches are formed by placing the sling around the load and then placing both eyes on the hook.Basket hitches are very versatile and can be used as double basket hitches for larger loadsWhen creating a double basket hitch make sure your sling is the correct strength

Two Double Basket hitches

Rigging Hardware

Rigging hardware is what connects the slings, loads, and lifts together. Without hardware none of the components of rigging could be physically connected Examples include:ShacklesEyebolts ClampsRigging hooks

Shackles

Shackles are used to hold pieces of the rig together such as multiple slings or to attach a specific item to a loadTypes of Shackles include:Anchor shacklesChain shacklesSpecialty shackles (used when a standard shackle will not work)Each shackle should be labeled with:TrademarkSize of shackleRated capacity

Eyebolts

Eyebolts are bolts with an open end that allows threading through the boltThe shank end is attached directly to the load and the eye is used to thread and attach the sling

Swivel Eye Bolt

Lifting Clamps

Lifting clamps are used when there is not a use of a sling.Lifting clamps can only hold one item at a time.The clamps have a “jaw” function that grips the item to be lifted.Lifting clamps must be made of forged steel and stamped with maximum capacity

Rigging Hooks

Rigging hooks are used to attach the sling bearing load to the machine doing the liftingSafety laches mush be on the rigging hook to prevent the sling from becoming unhookedThere are many different types of hooks including:Shortening ClutchesGrab hooksReverse Eye hooksSliding choker hooksSorting hooksEye hooks