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Interannual Variability in Phytoplankton Biomass and Diversity on the New England Shelf Heidi M Sosik Hui Feng In Situ Time Series for Validation and Exploration of Remote Sensing Algorithms ID: 264417

chl diatoms retrieval taxonomic diatoms chl taxonomic retrieval cyanobacteria groups cells pigment phytoplankton dinoflagellates based optical properties modis pan

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Slide1

Seasonal to Interannual Variability in Phytoplankton Biomass and Diversity on the New England Shelf

Heidi M.

Sosik Hui Feng

In Situ Time Series for Validation and

Exploration

of

Remote Sensing Algorithms

Woods Hole

Oceanographic

Institution

University of

New HampshireSlide2

Project Overview

Goal: Use unique time series to evaluate algorithms that extend MODIS ocean color data beyond chlorophyll to functional

type or size-class-dependent phytoplankton retrievalsApproach:

End-to-end time series observations, with step-by-step algorithm evaluation and error analysis single cells  phytoplankton community  bulk water optical properties  sea surface optical properties (air and water)  MODIS optical properties

Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory

Tower mounted

AERONET-OC

MODIS products

Submersible Imaging

Flow

CytometrySlide3

ApproachPhytoplankton ObservationsSingle cells to communitiesBiomass, size- and taxon-resolvedPhytoplankton AlgorithmsAbsorption spectral shape  size structureDiagnostic pigments  size structure

Diagnostic pigments  taxonomic structureSlide4

m

mm

m

mVariability in community structure

Diatoms

Cyano

-bacteria

.

m

m

m

m

mSlide5

Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groupsDiatoms

“CHEMTAX”

In situ FCMTotal Chl a

= diatom Chl a + dinoflagellate Chl a + cyanobacteria Chl a + …

with partitioning according to accessory pigment ratios

Mackey et al. 1996Slide6

Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groupsDiatoms

Diatoms (mg m

3

)Slide7

Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups

Diatoms

10

m

m

Dinoflagellates

Cyanobacteria

~1

m

m cellsSlide8

Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groupsDiatoms

10

m

m

Dinoflagellates

Cyanobacteria

~1

m

m cells

Chl

or Carbon (mg m

3

)Slide9

Diagnostic pigment retrieval from

Rrs

Pan et al. 2010 band ratio algorithms

AERONET-OC

SeaPRISM

,

R

rs

(

l

)

Discrete samples

HPLC pigment analysis

Chl

a

Fucoxanthin

Peridinin

ZeaxanthinSlide10

Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups

Diatoms

10

m

m

Dinoflagellates

Cyanobacteria

~1

m

m cells

Chl

or Carbon (mg m

3

)Slide11

Remote sensing retrieval of taxonomic groupsDiatomsDinoflagellates

Cyanobacteria

AERONET-OC

SeaPRISM

,

R

rs

(

l

)

Following:

Pan et al. 2010 band ratio algorithms Pan et al. 2011 CHEMTAX application Loss of seasonal resolution

Chl or Carbon (mg m3)Slide12

Remote sensing retrieval of taxonomic groupsDiatomsDinoflagellates

Cyanobacteria

Fraction of Chl a

AERONET-OC

SeaPRISM

,

R

rs

(

l

)

Relative contribution to total Chl a

 Loss of seasonal resolutionFollowing: Pan et al. 2010 band ratio algorithms Pan et al. 2011 CHEMTAX applicationSlide13

Remote sensing

retrieval of taxonomic groupsDiatoms

DinoflagellatesCyanobacteria

Fraction of Chl

aFraction of Chl

aSlide14

Ecosystem characterizationDecadal increase in pico-cyanobacteria at MVCO

.Slide15

Ecosystem characterizationPeacock et al. 2014

.

50

m

mSlide16

Ecosystem characterizationInterannual fluctuations in diatoms  related to parasite infection  linked to temperature

.

Peacock et al.

2014Slide17

Looking forward on PFT characterization

Time series observations

single cells  phytoplankton community  bulk water optical properties  sea surface optical properties (air and water)  MODIS optical properties

Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory

Tower mounted

AERONET-OC

MODIS products

Submersible Imaging

Flow

Cytometry

Local detail

Trends

and patterns of

change

Regional to basin scales

Combined

in situ & satellite

observationsSlide18
Slide19

http://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/Open data accessStandard formatsProcessing pipelines End-to-end provenanceSlide20

Ecosystem characterizationTaxa with positive response to warmer wintersTaxa with negative response to warmer winters

Interannual variability – taxon specificSeasonally adjusted Biomass anomalies vs Temperature anomalies

Cyanobacterium

DiatomsSlide21

FlowCytobot

Imaging

FlowCytobot

Observing Phytoplankton at

MVCO

Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO)

Cabled site with power and two-way communications

Microplankton

Picoplankton

Laser-based flow

cytometry

Fluorescence and light scattering

F

low

cytometry

with video imaging

Automated features for extended

deployment (>6 months)Enumeration, identification,

and cell sizing Thousands of individual cells every hour

Olson et al. 2003

Olson &

Sosik

2007Slide22

Single Cells to Biomass

FlowCytobot

Picoplankton

Imaging

FlowCytobot

Microplankton

Light scattering

Cell volume (

m

m

3)

 

Sosik

and Olson 2007Moberg & Sosik 2012

Olson et al. 2003Volume from laser scattering

Volume from image analysis new “distance map” approach

Menden-

Deuer

and

Lessard

2000