Transmission-based isolation precautions - PowerPoint Presentation

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Transmission-based isolation precautionsSlide2

Transmission-based isolation precautions

Methods of caring for pts who have a communicable disease.

Communicable disease

=disease caused by a pathogen that can be easily transmitted to othersSlide3

Transmission-based isolation

Epidemic

=occurs when communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person and affects a large number of people at the same timeSlide4

Transmission-based isolation

Pandemic

=when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population.Slide5

Transmission-based isolation precautions

Standard precautions

are used on

ALL ptsTransmission-based isolation techniques provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spread

Type of isolation used is based on the causative organism, the way the organisms is transmitted, and whether it is antibiotic resistantSlide6

Transmission-based isolation precautions

PPE (personal protective equipment) is used to provide protection from pathogensSlide7

Transmission-based isolation precautions

Objects are either

contaminated

or cleanContaminated=dirty, pathogens are present

These objects must not be touched unless the HCW is protected by PPE

The outside and waist ties of the gown, gloves, and mask are considered contaminatedSlide8

Transmission-based isolation

Clean

=objects do not contain pathogens and have minimal chance of spreading the disease

Inside of: gloves, gown, neckband and its ties, and mask and its ties are considered cleanSlide9

Transmission-based isolation

4 main types of precautions:

Standard

AirborneDropletContactSlide10

Standard precautions

Used on ALL pts

Treat all blood and body fluids as if they were infectious regardless of the

pt’s disease or diagnosis.

Use appropriate PPE to protect yourself from blood and body fluids.Slide11

Airborne precautions

Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by

airborne droplet nuclei

Airborne droplet nuclei are small particles of evaporated droplets that contain microorganisms & remain suspended in the air or on dust particles

Examples: measles, chicken pox, tuberculosisSlide12

Airborne precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

Pt placed in a private room with door closed

Air in room must be discharged to outdoor air or filtered before being recirculated

HCW must wear

N95 mask Slide13

Airborne precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

People susceptible to measles or chicken pox shouldn’t enter

pt roomPt should only be taken out of the room if necessary and must wear a

surgical mask

during transportSlide14

N95 mask surgical maskSlide15

Droplet precautions

Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by

large particle droplets

expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughingExamples: meningitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, influenzaSlide16

Droplet precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a

pt who has the same active infection

Surgical Mask must be worn when you are within 3 feet of the patient

If transport of the

pt

is essential, the

pt

must wear a surgical maskSlide17

Contact precautions

Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either

direct and indirect contact

and can spread rapidly from person to personExamples: multidrug-resistant organisms that can cause GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections; hepatitis A; rotavirus; liceSlide18

Contact precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

Pt placed in a private room

or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection

Gloves must be worn when entering the room

Gloves must be changed after contaminationSlide19

Contact precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

Gloves must be removed before leaving the room and hands washedSlide20

Contact precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

Gown must be worn if there is a chance of contact with the

pt, environmental surfaces, or items in the room. Gowns must be removed before leaving the room.Slide21

Contact precautions

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed

:

Pt transport should be for essential purposes only

The room and items in it must receive daily cleaning and disinfection

Patient-care equipment should be left in the room and only used for that

pt

if possible (example: stethoscope)Slide22

Protective or reverse isolation

Methods used to protect certain pts from organisms present in the environment

Used for immunocompromised pts whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infections

Examples: severely burned pts, chemo pts, transplant pts whose immune systems have been depressed prior to receiving transplantsSlide23

Protective or reverse isolation

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

Pt placed in a room that has been cleaned and disinfected & continues to receives frequent disinfection while the

pt occupies it

Anyone entering the room must wear gown, gloves, and maskSlide24

Protective or reverse isolation

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:

All equipment brought into room must be clean, disinfected, or sterile

Special filters may be used to purify the room air