What to do Check The scene then the victim Call 911if the situation is life threatening Care For the victim Make sure to put on gloves if they are available before helping the victim ID: 919473
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Slide1
Emergency Action Steps
#3 Care
Slide2What to do…
Check:
The scene then the victim
Call:
911if the situation is life threateningCare: For the victim
Make sure to put on
gloves
if they are available before helping the victim
Do you need any other safety equipment? Goggles? Facemask?
Have you taken off your jewelry and covered any open wounds?
Slide3Severe Bleeding
Apply direct
pressure
to the wound using a sterile gauze pad or a clean, absorbent cloth.
If gloves aren’t available, have the victim apply pressure on the wound if possible.While continuing to apply pressure, raise the wound above the victims heart (unless you suspect a fracture)… this helps slow the bleeding down.
Slide4Severe Bleeding
Make a “pressure bandage” by snuggly wrapping an elastic bandage over the pad
If bleeding continues apply additional
bandages
on top of the existing onesDon’t remove previous bandages!Immobilize the injured body part after bleeding has stopped
Severe Bleeding
Slide5Open Fracture
Cut away clothing from injured area.
DO NOT
try to push the bone back into the skin
Apply gentle pressure with a large sterile pad to control bleeding (don’t push directly on the exposed bone)Cover the entire area with a sterile bandage or clean clothIf a victim needs to be moved before help arrives, apply a splint to immobilize the injured area
Open Fracture
Slide6Closed Fracture
Remember – you don
’
t need to call 911 unless the situation is life threatening
Immobilize the injured area with a sling or splintApply ice or a cold compress for 10-15 minute intervals and keep victim still and comfortable until receiving medical attention
Slide7Muscle Strain/Sprain
911 is not necessary!
R –
Rest
the injured area and avoid using itI – Ice (immobilize) the area within the first 24 hours to avoid swellingC – Compress (cold) the area with elastic wrap E – Elevate
the area to prevent or reduce swelling
Slide8Conscious Choking
First, ask “Are you choking?”
If the victim can respond, encourage them to keep
coughing.
If the victim can not respond, give them 5 back blows and perform 5 abdominal thrustsThis is the Heimlich Maneuver
Slide9Heimlich Maneuver
Stand behind the victim
Wrap both arms around the upper part of the victim’s abdomen, just below the rib cage
Make a fist with one hand and place it (thumb inward) on the victims abdomen
Between the naval and breastbone Grasp your fist with your other hand and pull sharply inward and upward
Continue (providing 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts) until the object becomes dislodged, the victim begins to cough or breathe, or becomes unconscious
If the victim becomes unconscious, call 911 then begin CPR
Slide10Unconscious and Breathing
Put the victim in the
recovery
position on his or her side and continue to monitor until EMS arrives.
Slide11Cardiac Chain of Survival
Slide12Early Access
Recognize the
S
udden
Cardiac Arrest emergency and call 911. Recognizing the warning signs of SCA is vital in treating it successfully. UnresponsivenessLoss of consciousnessLack of pulseNo breathing
An immediate call to 911 helps ensure that an advanced life support response team will get to the victim more quickly.
Slide13Early CPR
Providing CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) compressions and breaths keeps oxygenated blood flowing through the heart and brain (the body’s most vital organs).
Early CPR increases the chances of survival but it alone cannot save an SCA victim.
If the responder has not been CPR certified, they may be able to receive assistance from the 911 emergency dispatcher.
Dispatchers in many parts of the country are trained to coach callers through the basic steps of CPR. Remember, CPR should be started immediately!
Slide14Early Defibrillation
Defibrillation is the only way to stop sudden cardiac arrest.
When SCA occurs, the heart must be restarted by an electrical shock. Outside a hospital setting, the only way to restart the heart is by using an automated external defibrillator (AED).
Having one nearby or on the emergency vehicle when it arrives is vital. When an AED is used and electrodes are placed on the victim’s chest, electricity flows from the electrodes through the chest to the heart. For each minute that passes between collapse and defibrillation, SCA survival rates can decrease from seven to ten percent. Responders should use an AED as soon as possible to increase the chance of survival.
American Red Cross – Using an AED
Slide15Early Advanced Care
Advanced care, after using the AED, is given to the patient by paramedics and other highly trained medical personnel on scene and when the SCA victim is being transported to the hospital.
Advanced care is necessary to help maintain a normal heart rhythm after successful defibrillation.
Slide16Signals of a Heart Attack
Chest pain or pressure
Pain spreading to the shoulders, neck, jaw, stomach, or arms
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness or light-headednessPale, grayish, or bluish skinSweatingDenial of symptoms
What Happens During a Heart Attack
Slide17Unconscious and not Breathing
Kneel beside the victim
Look, listen, and feel for normal signs of breathing
If the victim is not breathing normally place the heel of your hand in the center of the victims
chestPlace your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers. Keep your fingers raised off the victims chestLean over the victim so your shoulders are above your hands and straighten your arms
Slide18Unconscious and not Breathing
Press down on the breastbone to compress the chest by
2 inches
. Then, release the pressure without removing your hands from the victims chest
Compress the chest 30 times at the rate of 2 compressions per second.If you are not certified, just perform continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 compression per minute
IF YOU ARE CERTIFIED, PERFORM RESCUE BREATHS
Establish a cycle of
2
rescue breaths and
30
chest compressions.
Five cycles of chest compressions should take about two minutes
Continue CPR until medical help arrives and takes over, an AED can be located and used, there are signs of life, the scene becomes unsafe, if someone else takes over, or you are too tired to continue
AHA - CPR
Slide19Unconscious Choking
Provide
30 chest compressions
Grasp tongue and lower jaw between the thumb and forefinger and look into the mouthIf you see an object, make a scooping motion with your finger in the victims mouth/throat to retrieve the objectIf you do not see an object, open airway and perform two rescue breathsRepeat until item is dislodged and victim begins breathing or medical help arrives.
Unconscious Adult Choking
Slide20Continue Until…
Continue providing first aid until one of the following occurs:
The scene becomes unsafe
Someone else takes over for you
You are too tired to continueMedical help arrives
Slide21Review
Go to
http://www.firstaidweb.com/
Click on the links for BOTH First Aid and CPR
Read through each of the short chapters and take the quiz at the end of the section (4 total)You must get a passing score before moving on to the next chapterScreen shot each of your scores onto one Word document and turn in when finished.