Derivational morphology involves a change of class Example Play verb er player noun Accept verb able acceptable adjective Inflectional Morphology Inflectional morphology does not change word classfunctionpart of speech ID: 545569
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Slide1
Inflectional Morphology Slide2
Derivational morphology involves a change of class.
Example:
Play (verb) + -
er
= player (noun)
Accept (verb) + -able = acceptable (adjective)Slide3
Inflectional Morphology
Inflectional morphology does not change word class/function/part of speech.
Inflectional morphemes inflect nouns and verbs. Slide4
Nouns
Inflection marks plurality in singular nouns.
Noun
(singular)
“s” inflection
Noun
(plural)
car
s
cars
table
s
tables
Irregular
nouns involve a vowel change
foot
feet
woman
womenSlide5
Nouns
“s” for possession
Ahmed
Ahmed’s book
John
John’s car
Man
The man’s bag
Student
Student’s book
Students
Students’ booksSlide6
There is no difference is sound when pronouncing a singular possessive noun and its plural form:
The
doctor’s
car.
The
doctors’
cars.Slide7
“s” with verbs
Indicates present tense agreement:
He
read
+ s
He reads novels.
She
cook + s
She cooks
every day.
It
rain + s
It rains in winter.
He can be (Ahmed, John,
Mark, Samir, etc.)
She can be (Mary, Samar,
Heba
, etc.)Slide8
“ed
” past
For regular verbs, the past tense is marked with the addition of “-
ed
” at the end of the verb. Examples:
play+ed
,
work+ed
,
visit+ed
,
want+ed
Irregular verbs are marked mainly by a
vowel change
as in:
sing
sang
sung
take
took
taken
write
wrote
written Slide9
“-ed
” for past participle
He had studied hard for the exam last semester.
She had prepared breakfast before she left in the morning. Slide10
“er
” comparative +
est
(superlative)
Bigger, taller, higher,
Biggest, tallest, highestSlide11
8 inflectional morphemes
1. S for
plural
Makes singular noun plural
Car,
cars
2. S for
possessive
Inflects a
noun for possession
John’s, Ahmed’s
3. S for
third person
Inflects a verb to 3
rd
person sg.
He works hard.
4. –
ed
for
past simple
Inflects a verb to the
past simple
She played yesterday.
5. –
ed
for
past
participle
Inflects
a verb to the past participle
The bag was stolen.
6. –
ing
for
present participle
Inflect
a verb to the present participle tense
He was playing football
7. –
er
for
comparative
Inflects an adjective to the
comparative degree
This room is bigger than the
other one.
8. –
est
for
superlative
Inflect
an adjective for the superlative degree
This room is the biggest in the building. Slide12
Free
Bound
Derivational
Inflectional
Prefixes
Suffixes
Do not usually change word class
Change word class
Suffixes
Do not change the word class
Morphemes