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THE LAW, MANNERS AND CUSTOMS THE LAW, MANNERS AND CUSTOMS

THE LAW, MANNERS AND CUSTOMS - PowerPoint Presentation

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THE LAW, MANNERS AND CUSTOMS - PPT Presentation

OF BIBLICAL PEOPLE GROUPS JoLynn Gower Fall 2018 2174936151 jgowerguardingthetruthorg Lesson 7 VERSE FOR THE JOURNEY 2 Timothy 215 Be diligent to present yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed accurately handling the word of truth ID: 750363

people pharisees man hillel pharisees people hillel man temple men time jesus sabbath synagogues jews god began law scribes

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Slide1

THE LAW, MANNERSAND CUSTOMSOF BIBLICAL PEOPLE GROUPS

JoLynn GowerFall 2018217-493-6151jgower@guardingthetruth.org

Lesson 7Slide2

VERSE FOR THE JOURNEY2 Timothy 2:15 Be diligent to present yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed, accurately handling the word of truth.

After the destruction of the Temple in 586 BC, the Jews could no longer depend on the sacerdotalism of the past: no temple, no altar, no need for a priest

Some people were left behind in a defeated Judah; some people were trying to regroup in Babylon

They began to make an attempt to honor the laws given by God, along with their traditions, in new ways by meeting together and seeking out those with more educational depth in the things of God

Synagogues began to be developed for this purpose

Synagogue:

sunagoge

:

a place of assembly

Slide3

INTRODUCING SCRIBESOriginally the role of scribes was simply to copy scripture; this began to change during the Babylonian captivityBut upon the return of some people in 535 BC, and the subsequent rebuilding of the temple and its dedication in 516 BC, the role of the priest once again became very important—they were the chief teachers

More people, and more scattering of people, resulted in the rise of the scribes as teachers and defenders of the LawBy the 300’s BC, the priests had often incorporated pagan culture and practice; the scribes became the zealous defenders of the Law

and

its respected teachers

Scribal training schools rose up, closely

affliated

with the rise of the PhariseesSlide4

THE HASIDIMBetween 167 and 161 BC, Judas the Maccabee led a revolt against Antiochus IV

EpiphanesHis brother, Jonathan, ruled from 161-143 BCEarly in the Maccabean revolution, they got slaughtered because they were being attacked on the Sabbath

When they decided to defend themselves even on the Sabbath, some of the Hasidim joined the war

Other Hasidim chose not to fight and moved into the desert eventually becoming the

Essenes

Also originally in league with the

Maccabees

were the Pharisees – when they separated from them they took the name “separatist” from the Hebrew “

parash

At the time of Christ, the Pharisees were favored by the people, but the Sadducees controlled the SanhedrinSlide5

PHARISEES: SHAMMAIHouse of Shammai: more strict school among the Pharisees;

ultra conservative religious fundamentalistsDid not accept Gentiles and sought to keep Jews and Gentiles totally separated; 18 edicts supported the separation

Eating with a Gentile was strictly forbidden

Politically active; close association with the Zealots

In almost every instance where Jesus confronts the Pharisees, He was addressing the positions held by the House of

Shammai

Paul, although a Pharisee, was affiliated with the more liberal House of HillelSlide6

PHARISEES: HILLELBorn in Babylon, Hillel lived to the age of

120? and would have died about the time that Jesus was in the Temple at 12 years oldHe was succeeded by his

grandson (or great grandson)

Gamaliel

, who was Paul’s teacher

Acknowledged Jews as God’s chosen people but willingly accepted Gentile converts (Jews with Gentile names are usually Hillel)

Helping someone (miracle of healing) on the Sabbath would have been viewed as

charitable

Christians could have related more favorably with this school (like a Christian with conservative politician)

Hillel would have hoped to reach the masses and therefore was willing for them to be educated so that they would “become worthy”Slide7

EXAMPLEJohn 9:13-18

They brought to the Pharisees the man who was formerly blind.  Now it was a Sabbath on the day when Jesus made the clay and opened his eyes. Then the Pharisees also were asking him again how he received his sight. And he said to them, "He applied clay to my eyes, and I washed, and I see." Therefore some of the Pharisees were saying, "This man is not from God, because He does not keep the Sabbath." But others were saying, "How can a man who is a sinner perform such signs?" And there was a division

among them. So they said to the blind man again, "What do you say about Him, since He opened your eyes?" And he said, "He is a prophet.” The Jews then did not believe

it

of him, that he had been blind and had received sight, until they called the parents…Slide8

EXAMPLEBoth the Golden Rule and the summary of the Law and the Prophets were both stated by Hillel before Christ began His ministryMatthew 19:3-8  

Some Pharisees came to Jesus, testing Him and asking, "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason at all?” And He answered and said, "Have you not read that He who created them

from the beginning

MADE THEM MALE AND FEMALE

,

and said,

'

FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS FATHER AND MOTHER AND BE JOINED TO HIS WIFE

,

AND

THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH

'?

 "So they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.”

 They said to Him, "Why then did Moses command to

GIVE HER A CERTIFICATE OF DIVORCE?”Slide9

SANHEDRINIn Jesus’ time, the Sadducees controlled the

Sanhedrin and High Priesthood; Pharisees had both schools thereActs 5:33-37

But

when they heard this

, they

were cut to the quick and intended to kill them.  But a Pharisee named

Gamaliel

, a teacher

of the

Law, respected by all the people, stood up in the Council and gave orders to put the men outside for a short time. He said to them, "Men of Israel, take care what you propose to do with these men. Some time ago

Theudas

rose up, claiming

to be

somebody

, and a

group

of

about

four

hundred men joined up with him. He was killed

, and all

who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing. After this man, Judas of Galilee rose

up in the

days of the census

and

drew away

some

people after him

; he too

perished, and all those who followed him were scattered. Slide10

THE SYNAGOGUESThe Sadducees controlled the Sanhedrin and Temple, but the

Pharisees controlled the Synagogues and consequently had more sway with the peopleThe Scribes, who were often teachers in the synagogues, were closely affiliated with the Pharisees

There were synagogues associated with both the Hillel and schools; approx. 480 total in Jerusalem alone

Both branches of Pharisees believed in angels and a resurrection of the

dead

Hillel contributed greatly to the

Mishnah

and it contains several debates between

the

followers

of

Hillel and

Shammai

Ultimately, both groups reached a point of nearing the construction of two

Talmuds

. When, supposedly a voice from heaven (Bat

Kol

) said that Hillel was rightSlide11

EIGHT WOESMatthew 23:13:They weren’t entering and kept others from enteringDevour widows houses and make long prayers for pretenses

Travel to make a proselyte and then make him twice as much a son of hellSwearing by the temple is nothing, but swearing by the gold of the temple obligatesTithe on small things but overlook the larger ones\Clean outside of cup but inside robbery/indulgence

Whitewash tombs but inside full of dead bones

Build tombs for the prophets that you murderedSlide12

JESUS DENOUNCEDWhy did Jesus denounce the Pharisees so often?These men were the biblical scholars of His time and should have been able to see Him in ScriptureTen adult people were required to have an

edahIn Jesus time, men and women were maybe seated together, more likely in the synagogues in Galilee; important people sat on benches; others on the floorToday, (after 40 AD)10 adult men were required to have an edah

;

men

and women

are seated separately, in accordance with the separate courts in the Temple

The Scripture reader sat in “Moses Seat” but stood to read; the teacher sat to teach

The scrolls are kept in the Aaron

Kodesh

(ark)

on the side of the synagogue closest to Israel