OF BIBLICAL PEOPLE GROUPS JoLynn Gower Fall 2018 2174936151 jgowerguardingthetruthorg Lesson 7 VERSE FOR THE JOURNEY 2 Timothy 215 Be diligent to present yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed accurately handling the word of truth ID: 750363
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THE LAW, MANNERSAND CUSTOMSOF BIBLICAL PEOPLE GROUPS
JoLynn GowerFall 2018217-493-6151jgower@guardingthetruth.org
Lesson 7Slide2
VERSE FOR THE JOURNEY2 Timothy 2:15 Be diligent to present yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed, accurately handling the word of truth.
After the destruction of the Temple in 586 BC, the Jews could no longer depend on the sacerdotalism of the past: no temple, no altar, no need for a priest
Some people were left behind in a defeated Judah; some people were trying to regroup in Babylon
They began to make an attempt to honor the laws given by God, along with their traditions, in new ways by meeting together and seeking out those with more educational depth in the things of God
Synagogues began to be developed for this purpose
Synagogue:
sunagoge
:
a place of assembly
Slide3
INTRODUCING SCRIBESOriginally the role of scribes was simply to copy scripture; this began to change during the Babylonian captivityBut upon the return of some people in 535 BC, and the subsequent rebuilding of the temple and its dedication in 516 BC, the role of the priest once again became very important—they were the chief teachers
More people, and more scattering of people, resulted in the rise of the scribes as teachers and defenders of the LawBy the 300’s BC, the priests had often incorporated pagan culture and practice; the scribes became the zealous defenders of the Law
and
its respected teachers
Scribal training schools rose up, closely
affliated
with the rise of the PhariseesSlide4
THE HASIDIMBetween 167 and 161 BC, Judas the Maccabee led a revolt against Antiochus IV
EpiphanesHis brother, Jonathan, ruled from 161-143 BCEarly in the Maccabean revolution, they got slaughtered because they were being attacked on the Sabbath
When they decided to defend themselves even on the Sabbath, some of the Hasidim joined the war
Other Hasidim chose not to fight and moved into the desert eventually becoming the
Essenes
Also originally in league with the
Maccabees
were the Pharisees – when they separated from them they took the name “separatist” from the Hebrew “
parash
”
At the time of Christ, the Pharisees were favored by the people, but the Sadducees controlled the SanhedrinSlide5
PHARISEES: SHAMMAIHouse of Shammai: more strict school among the Pharisees;
ultra conservative religious fundamentalistsDid not accept Gentiles and sought to keep Jews and Gentiles totally separated; 18 edicts supported the separation
Eating with a Gentile was strictly forbidden
Politically active; close association with the Zealots
In almost every instance where Jesus confronts the Pharisees, He was addressing the positions held by the House of
Shammai
Paul, although a Pharisee, was affiliated with the more liberal House of HillelSlide6
PHARISEES: HILLELBorn in Babylon, Hillel lived to the age of
120? and would have died about the time that Jesus was in the Temple at 12 years oldHe was succeeded by his
grandson (or great grandson)
Gamaliel
, who was Paul’s teacher
Acknowledged Jews as God’s chosen people but willingly accepted Gentile converts (Jews with Gentile names are usually Hillel)
Helping someone (miracle of healing) on the Sabbath would have been viewed as
charitable
Christians could have related more favorably with this school (like a Christian with conservative politician)
Hillel would have hoped to reach the masses and therefore was willing for them to be educated so that they would “become worthy”Slide7
EXAMPLEJohn 9:13-18
They brought to the Pharisees the man who was formerly blind. Now it was a Sabbath on the day when Jesus made the clay and opened his eyes. Then the Pharisees also were asking him again how he received his sight. And he said to them, "He applied clay to my eyes, and I washed, and I see." Therefore some of the Pharisees were saying, "This man is not from God, because He does not keep the Sabbath." But others were saying, "How can a man who is a sinner perform such signs?" And there was a division
among them. So they said to the blind man again, "What do you say about Him, since He opened your eyes?" And he said, "He is a prophet.” The Jews then did not believe
it
of him, that he had been blind and had received sight, until they called the parents…Slide8
EXAMPLEBoth the Golden Rule and the summary of the Law and the Prophets were both stated by Hillel before Christ began His ministryMatthew 19:3-8
Some Pharisees came to Jesus, testing Him and asking, "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason at all?” And He answered and said, "Have you not read that He who created them
from the beginning
MADE THEM MALE AND FEMALE
,
and said,
'
FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS FATHER AND MOTHER AND BE JOINED TO HIS WIFE
,
AND
THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH
'?
"So they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.”
They said to Him, "Why then did Moses command to
GIVE HER A CERTIFICATE OF DIVORCE?”Slide9
SANHEDRINIn Jesus’ time, the Sadducees controlled the
Sanhedrin and High Priesthood; Pharisees had both schools thereActs 5:33-37
But
when they heard this
, they
were cut to the quick and intended to kill them. But a Pharisee named
Gamaliel
, a teacher
of the
Law, respected by all the people, stood up in the Council and gave orders to put the men outside for a short time. He said to them, "Men of Israel, take care what you propose to do with these men. Some time ago
Theudas
rose up, claiming
to be
somebody
, and a
group
of
about
four
hundred men joined up with him. He was killed
, and all
who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing. After this man, Judas of Galilee rose
up in the
days of the census
and
drew away
some
people after him
; he too
perished, and all those who followed him were scattered. Slide10
THE SYNAGOGUESThe Sadducees controlled the Sanhedrin and Temple, but the
Pharisees controlled the Synagogues and consequently had more sway with the peopleThe Scribes, who were often teachers in the synagogues, were closely affiliated with the Pharisees
There were synagogues associated with both the Hillel and schools; approx. 480 total in Jerusalem alone
Both branches of Pharisees believed in angels and a resurrection of the
dead
Hillel contributed greatly to the
Mishnah
and it contains several debates between
the
followers
of
Hillel and
Shammai
Ultimately, both groups reached a point of nearing the construction of two
Talmuds
. When, supposedly a voice from heaven (Bat
Kol
) said that Hillel was rightSlide11
EIGHT WOESMatthew 23:13:They weren’t entering and kept others from enteringDevour widows houses and make long prayers for pretenses
Travel to make a proselyte and then make him twice as much a son of hellSwearing by the temple is nothing, but swearing by the gold of the temple obligatesTithe on small things but overlook the larger ones\Clean outside of cup but inside robbery/indulgence
Whitewash tombs but inside full of dead bones
Build tombs for the prophets that you murderedSlide12
JESUS DENOUNCEDWhy did Jesus denounce the Pharisees so often?These men were the biblical scholars of His time and should have been able to see Him in ScriptureTen adult people were required to have an
edahIn Jesus time, men and women were maybe seated together, more likely in the synagogues in Galilee; important people sat on benches; others on the floorToday, (after 40 AD)10 adult men were required to have an edah
;
men
and women
are seated separately, in accordance with the separate courts in the Temple
The Scripture reader sat in “Moses Seat” but stood to read; the teacher sat to teach
The scrolls are kept in the Aaron
Kodesh
(ark)
on the side of the synagogue closest to Israel