Matt Resnick Riley Fosnot Adam Fields Brandon Archibald Overview What is a Virus A microscopic nonliving particle that survives off of hostcells Simple structure made up of proteins and genetic material ID: 710132
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Slide1
Virus Structure, Classification, and Cycles of Infections
Matt Resnick, Riley
Fosnot
, Adam Fields, Brandon ArchibaldSlide2
OverviewSlide3
What is a Virus?
A microscopic
,
nonliving
particle that survives off of
host-cells
Simple structure made up of proteins and genetic materialUnable to survive on its ownReproduces by binding to living cells and spreading genetic materialKill host cells as they spread.
MRSlide4
How do viruses differ
All viruses look different in terms of
size
and
structure
Capsid membranes vary in
thicknessGenetic material varies from tens to hundreds of genes.Proteins can only bind to one specific type of host cell
MRSlide5Slide6
2 universal virus structures
1.
Capsid
- Protein coat that encases the genetic material of a virus
Hard outer layer which protects the genetic material and binds to host cell
2.
Genetic Material- DNA or RNA Enters cell and reproduces to make new virusesKill host cells by spreading genetic material
MRSlide7
Are Viruses considered living?
No
, don't fit criteria for a living organism
Not made of
cells
and cannot reproduce on their own
Don’t have a metabolism and don't maintain homeostasisDon't grow and develop
MRSlide8
Adenovirus
A virus which infects
adenoid
cells
Include: eye lining, intestines, throat
Respiratory
infection which affects mostly childrenSore throat, pink eye, diarrhea, coughUsually goes away in a few days on by ITSELF
RFSlide9
Bacteriophage
A virus that infects
BACTERIA
by attaching to the surface of the bacteria
Inserts it's on
DNA
and begins replicatingCan turn harmless bacteria into harmful bacteriaFood poisoning & Bacterial Infections Usually resolves
itself in a few days
RFSlide10
Retrovirus
RF
Infects host(
T-Cells
) by RNA (
Reverse
Transcriptase)
Takes over cell and replicates
Disease: HIV -->
AIDS
Medicine used to stop multiplying
HIV
cellSlide11
Reverse Transcriptase
How
retroviruses
infect host cell
Turn
RNA
into DNAUsing the virus RNA implanted into nucleus
RFSlide12
Lytic Infections
Virus enters the bacteria cell and
duplicates
Causes cell to burst and breakdown "
lyse
"Injects DNA beginning mRNA process RNA translated into viral proteins and destroy cell DNA
Host cell = Destroyed
AFSlide13
Lysogenic Infections
Host cell is not immediately taken over
Viral nucleic acid inserted in host cell's DNA (
Prophage
)
Copied along w/ host cell DNA
Viral DNA and host cells multiplyDaughter cells derive from original host DNA
AFSlide14
Prophage
Bacteriophage
DNA imbeds in bacterial host DNA
Prophage
may remain in host DNA for generations
Triggered by radiation, heat, and certain chemicals
Removes from host cell DNA to direct synthesis of virusLysogenic infection becomes active
lytic infection
AFSlide15
AF
Lysogenic
Viral Genes are
Transcribed
by host cell
Proteins and nucleic acids assemble new viruses
Virus injects DNA into
bacterium
Create
Prophage
Viral DNA inserts itself in bacterial chromosome
Prophage
may replicate w/
bacterium
Virus infection cycle
Can cause spreading to body
can have a prophage
Lytic
Slide16
Why Vaccinate?
Vaccination: The injection of a killed
microbe
that stimulates the immune system to fight the microbe
Parents of vaccinated children argue of the lasting
benefits
of vaccinationViruses that once killed thousands of people have been eliminated or close to extinctionImmunization is the objective of vaccinesVaccinations are done by injections
BASlide17
The Numbers
There has been a steady
decline
in deaths caused by vaccinated preventable diseases
In the 1980's, there had been
350,000
cases of polio each yearThere were 42 cases of polio in 20162-3 million deaths have been avoided due to vaccination Vaccines cost $.10-$20 in developing countries
BASlide18
Why Not Vaccinate?
Parents are concerned about vaccines containing
toxins
Mercury, aluminum salt, and formaldehyde
"Vaccines cause
autism
"Vaccine manufacturers can’t be sued for making kids sick/big pharma.
BASlide19
Research
8 children whose first symptoms of
autism
appeared a month after receiving an MMR vaccine.
MMR vaccine caused
intestinal
inflammation Nonpermeable peptides make into bloodstream44 samples of vaccines found dangerous contaminants
BASlide20
ABC's
What are two characteristics of a virus?
A. Comprised of cells and reproduce
B. Kill living cells and maintain homeostasis
C. Grow and reproduce
D. Nonliving and survive off of host cellSlide21
ABC's
Viruses are particles that are made up of 2 structures, ________ and ________.
A. DNA and RNA
B. Capsid and Genetic Material
C. Head and Tail
D. Capsid and Membrane
MRSlide22
ABC's
Adenovirus affects MAINLY what group of people?
A. Young children
B. Old people
C. People of European decent
D. People who contract the H.I.V. virus
RFSlide23
ABC's
Retroviruses affect what type of cells?
A.
Adenoid cells
B.
Throat, intestines, eye lining, etc.
C. T-Cells D. All of the above
RFSlide24
ABC's
The bursting and breaking down of a cell is known as what?
A. Prophage
B. Lytic Infection
C. Lyse
D. Denaturing
AFSlide25
ABC's
When viral nucleic acid is inserted into a host cell it is called a...?
A. Prophage
B. Viral Protein
C. Lysogenic Infection
D. Virus
AFSlide26
ABC’s
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Protozoa
D. Microbe
MR
Which dead microorganism is present within vaccinations?Slide27
ABC's
What is one of the major concerns associated with vaccines by anti-vaccinators?
BA
A. Blindness
B. Autism
C. Diabetes
D. Heart diseaseSlide28
Overview