DAY The Czech R enewable Energy Policy and Outlook Peter J Kalas Energy and Environmental advisor Czechinvest Prague October 16 2012 1 Czech Energy Sector Current Status and Policy Outlook ID: 788044
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Slide1
CZECH-KOREAN GREEN TECHNOLOGY DAY
The
Czech R
enewable Energy Policy and Outlook
Peter J. Kalas
Energy and Environmental advisor
Czechinvest
Prague,
October
16, 2012
Slide21. Czech Energy Sector
Current Status and
Policy Outlook
Slide3EU Energy and Climate Change package
Czech energy sector reflects the respective EU directives and trends
EU Competitiveness
: geopolitical view, economic role of EU, energy effectiveness
Gradual shift towards
low energy and low emission economy
(„
energy revolution“
): driving countries: UK, Germany, Skand.
Climate change responsibility:
EU commitment (Kyoto, ETS), long-term vision
EU as active player in intl. negotiations
EU-Tools:
Directives, NAPs (emissions, RE), Roadmaps, Funding, national (member countries) and sectoral perspectives
Slide4Responses to EU directives Czech Republic
Energy area:
National energy strategies-NES (2004,
(2008), 2012-Govt´s approval expected shortly)
Goals: sustainable energy sector (supply security, reliability, affordability and environmental compliance (local, global)
NAP for Renewable energy (2010
) -
13
% (MoTI)
NAP for Biomass
(MoA) - recently completed, Govt´s approval
Legislation: Energy bill (
authorization
of new capacities), RE bill (role of RE in the national energy mix)
Slide5Czech Energy/Environmental sectors
:
Status
Close energy-environmental link
High energy consumption (> share of industry (30%+), <energy effectiveness, gradual “decoupling” – energy demand for
e
conomic
output)
Emissions:
compliance with the Kyoto targets, surplus 150
mt
CO2, GIS
(
>5
0
mt
CO2
for sale
)
high specific emission per cap (12t C02 vis-à-vis average of 9t CO2)
severe
air quality
problems in some regions
Slide6Energy & climate strategies in the CR:
Challenges, issues
, solutions
-electricity sector
N
ew
capacities
- timing
,
types
,
coal plants
retrofits
N
uclear
energy (JETE,
Dukovany
-extended life), new capacities
(timing), tendering,
selection of technology-supplier), source of fuel
N
atural
gas
(diversification of suppliers, supply routes)
C
oal
(mining limits, role in the electricity and heating areas, domestic)
R
enewable
energies
(>>)
T
ransmission
lines, smart grids
Slide7Energy sector Current energy mix
Primary energy use (
2011)
:
Coal: 42%
O
i
l products: 22% - 100% imported
Natural gas (NG): 15% - 100% imported
Nuclear: 15%
RE: 5%
Main future
focus
:
Gradual replacent of coal (decreasing national coal deposits)
NG (diversification of supply/routes)
RE
Slide8Electricity and other key sectors – Status & challenges
Electricity sector:
Basis: Coal (
6
0%), nuclear (
3
0%), hydro (10%)
Self
-
sufficient - Need for new
capacities
by
(
2020
202
5
)
Future role of coal (reserves
)
Impacts of climate change charges – shift to natural gas and renewable energy in short-term,
preparation of
new nuclear
plant (2 blocks-approx. 2500 MW)
Heating:
District heatings: Predominantly coal
based-
shift to NG and biomass
Domestic
: sector:
shift from coal to NG/renewable
energies / BIOMASS
Transport:
100% reliance on oil imports
Need to gradual shift to other fuels and technologies
Slide9Strategic framework: The National Energy Strategy (2012):Technology and fuel-mix:
Shift
towards less coal
intensive
power technologies (environmental, strategic reasons
):
closing/rehabilitation
of old power
plants
new
high efficiency
coal based power
project (under construction)
nuclear
:
life extension of one existing power plant (nearly completed, preparation of a new nuclear plant
Electricity
sector
:
Envisaged/ongoing technological measures
Slide10Electricity sector:Envisaged/ongoing measures
Introduction of
combined cycle
technology
(
larger-scale use
of NG in
the
power sector)
Strong
er
focus on renewable energy
sources
(solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, small hydro)
Large importance of
e
nergy savings/> efficiency of energy use
Slide11State Energy Strategy (domestic sectoral strategy guidance):
Necessary
GRADUAL shift
of the
current fuel mix
(total el. production in 2010: 87 TWh/a):
coal:
70% (highly CO2 emitting source
) to
<30%
nuclear:
from 30% to
50-60%
h
ydro): 10% to 15-25%-mix of renewable energy
Electricity
sector
:
S
olutions
Slide122
.
Renewable energy resources
Policy, Future Role
Slide13Renewable energy- EU Directive
Slide14Energy from Renewable
Energy
- Outlook
Slide15Electricity production from renewable
energy
- Outlook
Slide16Biomass is the most promising type of RE (volume, diversified use-solid, gaseous, liquid forms)National Action Plan for Biomass 2013-2020 (approved by Govt.)
Agro-energy link:
Dual role of the agriculture land
Total arable land in the Czech Republic: (4.2
million ha):
food supply security (3.2 mil. ha) and
energy
production- (1
mil.
ha)
(agriculture products (
corn) and wastes
(
straw
), specially planted agriculture products, fast growing trees, grass, forestry
wastes
Renewable energy-Biomass Issues,
challenges
Source: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
Slide17Renewable energy-Biomass ChallengesSource: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
Demand excess for forestry wastes
(demand/supply gap)
m
ajor users:
power plants, central heating systems
T
rend to high
er
biomass
prices-
negativ spiral: higher prices
>feed-in tariffs-more demand…
higher prices
Need to reinforce the local use of biomass/RE for decentralized energy supply at municipalities level
Slide18Renewable energy-Solar FV Challenges
To learn from the recent „boom“ of solar FV project installations
Excessive and uncontroled development
Growth in the installed capacity from 10 MW in 2006/7 to 1900 MW in 2012
Adjustment of the feed-in- tariffs
Subsidy significantly reduced and provided for small roof FV projects only
Slide19Renewable energy: Wind energyLimited locations of favorable conditions (velocity)
Public acceptance rather low (a number of planned projects postponed or cancelled)
Capacity additions: range of a few hundred MW
Important international role of the Czech wind technology industry
Slide20Renewable energy - GeothermalRelatively small energy potential (several hundreds MW in longer-term)
Hot dry rock type of projects (5 km deep drilling)
Pilot project under preparation (power and heat supply)
R&D international cooperation
Slide21Promotion of green renewable technologies
Legislation
:
New
bill regarding support of renewable energy
forms (2012)
Financial incentives
:
Investment subsidy
(biogas plants,
fotovoltaic-small size only)
Feed-in tariffs
: 15-years guarantee for initial subsidy level
Small
hydro
plants
Wind, FV (cancelled for large scale projects, restricted for small-scale prohects (roof installationReserach, development, Innovation Technological agency of the CR-TACR (Govt.´s/EU financing),
Intl. cooperation: EU (SET UP program
), bilateral cooperations
Slide22Conclusions and recommendationfor
R&D in the biomass field
Source: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
Support further applied research in area of utilization of
alternative fuels
originating in
phytomass
Support applied research in area of enhancement of
biogas yield efficiency
Support applied research in area of
utilization of
substrates rich in
lignocellulose
serving to bioethanol production
Seek the possibilities of joint research with research and development institutions from abroad
Slide23Technological options for energy/electrical
sector
– Renewable technologies
Electrical generation
from renewable energies
:
Biomass
power plants (combustion, biogas plants)
Wind
(total up to
<
1000
MW)
Solar photovoltaic
(
currentl
y1900 MW large scale production)-stoppedGeothermal (pilot project under preparation), heat pumpsDecentralized electricity and heat plants (municipality
/domestic users
level)
Biomass based technologies
(combustion,
pellets
and briketts production, small scale domestic stoves
)
Biogas
production
(heat and power at local level)
Slide24Biomass technologies - Heat and power supply
Local and regional utilization of biomass (agriculture
waste:straw
, dry grass etc.)
Production of pellets and briquettes and their preferred utilization in households
Municipality heating (CPH) plants
Gradual exchange of boilers on basis of biomass sources in household sector
Biogas plants (anaerobic digestion of agriculture and
biowaste
)
Slide25Biomass pyrolisis - recommendationsSource: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
Actively follow research and development of fast pyrolysis technology and refining of
biooil
for possible energy utilization also as engine fuel (e.g. method of integrated
hydropyrolysis
and
hydroconversion
).
Seek possibilities of joint research purposes in this area with research and development institutions from abroad (e.g. submission of joint application for grant from FP7 EU).
Prepare supportive national grant mechanisms (e.g. cooperation with national platform „ Sustainable power supply“ for realization of commercial plants focused on production of pyrolysis
biooil
in future.
Slide26DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GENERATIONS OF BIOFUELS
Sugar, starch crops
Oilseed crops
2.GASIFICATION
1.FERMENTATION
ENERGY:
Wind
Water
S
olar
Geothermal energy
Biomass :
Slide27Biofuels: 2nd Generation - OutlookDespite a number of
technological
possibilities, it seems to be no clear technological way to date
Question of feedstock:
M
ost
of biomass is
still
burnt to heat and electric energy
B2G – at present the production seems still impracticable by conventional approach
Anticipated
technological
breakthrough
s
:
large-scale production of algae with
ca 100t/ha ??hydrogen separation (from renewable energy sources) ---fuel cellsNeed for further R & D
Slide28Other perspective biomass technologiesThe R&D of the
following technologies
is considered as perspective:
Fluid gasification
of biomass (for fuel variability).
Gasification of black leach from cellulose production
(for suitability of gas for synthesis reaction)
High temperature fuel cells
of SOFC type (as an alternative to currently prevailing combustion of biogas in gas engine for the production of electricity and heat)
Slide29THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Contact: kalas.peter@gmail.com