Flicr Theorising The Labour Market Tom Staunton iCeGS The University of Derby Theorising The Labour Market Through this session we will explore The importance of thinking about literature reviews ID: 813063
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Theorising The Labour Market – Tom Staunton
iCeGS, The University of Derby
Slide2Theorising The Labour Market
Through this session we will explore:
The importance of thinking about literature reviews
Review an approach to conducting literature reviews
Present a literature review on labour market information
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Conducting Literature Reviews
Slide4Literature and empirical research should be seen side-by-side, self supporting and taken equally seriously
But
literature can be looked at alone
Can help develop an overview of a domain
Can make previously missed connections
Can spot gaps in existing research
Can look at metaphors and theories in use to open up alternatives.
Slide5Matts Alvesson
Alvesson and Sköldberg (2017) facts are always related to theory
Predominate “gap-spotting” approach in social sciences
Requires you to take on assumptions of existing literature
Alvesson and Kärreman (2011) alternative to understand metaphors at play and use this to develop new and interesting research questions.
Slide6Theorising The Labour Market
Focus of the research:
Focus on how careers sector understand LMI
Much theoretical writing about careers has focussed on the “S” and “D” of DOTS and increasingly the “T”
“O” is taken as common sense with little theoretical exploration
Aim is to try and map out how LMI is understood in relation to career development and practice
Look at theoretical informed new avenues
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Literature Review Method
Slide8Search Protocol
Established key words (Appendix 1)
Searched key databases 1) Web of Science 2) Scopus 3) EBSCO and 4) Google Scholar
Initial read of title and abstract to remove irrelevant or isignificant articles
Left with 157 articles
Slide9Analysing Literature
Explore what metaphors of theories underpin the understanding
Focussed on relationship between information and career development
Attached upto 3 concepts to each article
Created an emergent list of concepts (Appendix 2)
Grouped concepts under theoretical metaphors
Coded each article with 1 - 2 metaphors
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Literature Review Findings
Slide11Themes
Adaptability
Constructivism
Contact
Nomad
Rationalism
Social justice
Slide12Metaphors
Total
Adaptability
7
Constructivist
3
Contact
32
Nomad
17
Rationalism
120
Social Justice
7
Slide13Adaptability
Looks at the need to move away from career planning towards more responsive forms of career management.
Adaptability conceptualised by Savickas (2012) as involving concern, control, curiosity and confidence
Hiebert et al. (2012) saw LMI based interventions increasing optimism and confidence
Similarly Artes and Hanson (2017) and Ghanam et al. (2012) found LMI to encourage motivation and inspiration
Slide14Constructivist
Starts from a epistemological position
McMahon and Patton (2016) argue reality is constructed “from the inside out”
Mainly focussed on self-awareness and decision making and how these relate to narrative and creative approaches
Grubb (2002) argued that policy driver to provide information was good but inadequate and needed to be put alongside constructivist theories of career that focus on personal experience and construction of career
Slide15Contact
Theoretically flat approach to LMI
Discusses need to supply information, for individual’s to know more without really exploring how information will help
No underlying theoretical link is made between information and career
E.g. Saniter and Sidler (2014) argue for job centres increasing occupational knowledge similarly Hirschi (2011) produced research into occupational knowledge levels and career outcomes
Slide16Nomad
The metaphor of the nomad comes from literature around the internet and technology and describes how the internet enables a new form of learning driven by individuals own interests and abilities.
In the careers literature there has been a great amount of interest in the internet as enabling the delivery of information
Hooley (2012) focused on digital career literacy
Kettunen et al. (2013) term co-careering which discusses the change in power dynamics in online environments
Slide17Rationalism
Rationalism routed in the work of Parsons (1909) and Holland (1973) who looked to draw measurable links between self and opportunity
Tends to look at LMI as needing sufficient quality to enabling rational matches
Gati (1996) has described career indecision on part being caused by a lack of information or low quality information
Similarly Germeijs and Verschueren (2007) have explored the need for decision making to be supported by broad research and in depth exploration
Slide18Social Justice
Increasing focus on Social Justice as a paradigm for career guidance (Hooley, Sultana and Thomsen 2018)
Flederman (2011), Doyle (2011) and Rai (2013) all describe how disadvantaged populations have this disadvantage compounded by a lack of access to career information
This mainly takes an equality/ equity approach which ignores critical perspectives on social justice
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Conclusion
Slide20Future Research
Career sector needs to develop more robust theories of information in light of wider research
Non-rationalistic careers theories (constructivism, happenstance) need to better think through how they use information
Social justice needs to explore how it understands and makes use of information in light of different social justice traditions
Slide21Contact
t.staunton@derby.ac.uk
@tomstaunton84
https://runninginaforest.wordpress.com
Slide22References
Artess, J., & Hanson, J. (2017). Evaluation of Careers Yorkshire and the Humber Inspiration activity and good practice guide.
Doyle, E. (2011). Career development needs of low socio-economic status university students. Australian Journal of Career Development, 20(3), 56-65.
Flederman, P. (2011). A career advice helpline: a case study from South Africa. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 11(2), 111-123.
Ghanam, D., Reavley, M., Phillip, A., Smith, D., & O’Hara, S. (2012). The Impact of Labour Market Information Delivery Modes on Worker Self-Efficacy in Employment Related Outcomes in South-western Ontario.
Hiebert, B., Bezanson, L., O'Reilly, E., Hopkins, S., Magnusson, K., & McCaffrey, A. (2012). Assessing the Impact of Labour Market Information: Final Report on Results of Phase Two (Field Tests). Ottawa, ON: Canadian Career Development Foundation (CCDF). Retrieved from
http://www.crwg-gdrc.ca/crwg/index.php/research-projects/lmi
Holland, J. L. (1973) Making vocational choices: a theory of careers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Hooley, T. (2012). How the internet changed career: framing the relationship between career development and online technologies. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 29(1), 3-12.
Slide23References
Hooley, T., Sultana, R., & Thomsen, R. (Eds.). (2017). Career guidance for social justice: Contesting neoliberalism (Vol. 16). Routledge.
McMahon, M., & Patton, W. (2016). Constructivism: What does it mean for career counselling?. In Career Counselling (pp. 21-34). Routledge.
Mollerup, C. (1995). What is Good Information? University of Oregon
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Houghton Mifflin.
Rai, V. (2013). Labour market information for employers and economic immigrants in Canada: A country study (No. 2013-01). Centre for the Study of Living Standards.
Sampson, J. P., Osborn, D. S., Kettunen, J., Hou, P. C., Miller, A. K., & Makela, J. P. (2018). The Validity of Social Media–Based Career Information. The Career Development Quarterly, 66(2), 121-134.
Savickas, M.L. (2012) Life Design: A Paradigm for Career Intervention in the 21st Century Journal of
Counseling & Development 90 (1) 13-19
Sultana, R. G. (2014). Pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will? Troubling the
relationship between career guidance and social justice. International Journal for
Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(1), 5-19.
Slide24Appendix 1: Search Terms
Labour/ Labor Market Information
Labour/ Labor Market Intelligence
LMI
Careers Information
Opportunity Awareness
Occupational Information
Career Learning
Career Research
Slide25Appendix 2: Concepts
Concepts
Count
Metaphor
Access
42
Contact
Accrual
4
Contact
Accuracy
20
Rationalism
Agency
3
Adaptability
Attitudes
1
Adaptability
Biased
2
Rationalism
Comparable information
1
Rationalism
Comprehensive
8
Rationalism
Coverage
30
Rationalism
Curious
2
Adaptability
Concepts
Count
Metaphor
Current
3
Rationalism
Equity
1
Social justice
Happenstance
1
Adaptability
Information provision
4
Contact
Internet
8
Nomad
Matching
49
Rationalism
Nomad
4
Nomad
Personal experience
3
Constructivist
Processing
3
Rationalism
Quality
25
Rationalism
Concepts
Count
Metaphor
Rational
1
Rationalism
Representation
2
Social justice
Research
13
Nomad
Social justice
5
Social justice
Trends
2
Rationalism