Shukur W Smail /Assistant lecturer - PowerPoint Presentation

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Shukur

W

Smail/Assistant lecturer_____________________________________________Clinical Tests – 3rd Stage /1st Semester

shukur.wasman@tiu.edu.iq

https://tiu.edu.iq/

2020 - 2021

TIU - Faculty of Science

Medical Analysis Department

Carcinoembryonic Antigen And Alpha-fetoprotein Test

Lecture

7 (part one)

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Carcinoembryonic Antigen And Alpha-fetoprotein Test

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What Is Carcinoembryonic Antigen?

CEA is a

glycoprotein that is normally produced during fetal development.Healthy adults

should have very low levels of CEA or stop

Elevated during:

Lung cancer

Colorectal cancer

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When will doctor order this test?

To monitor cancer treatment

To see if cancer has spread to certain areas(metastases)

To monitor Cancer staging

tumor marker used to monitor cancer

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Normal range:

CEA in an adult non-smoker is <2.5 ng/ml

In an adult smoker <5.0 ng/ml

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Specimen require:

Gel tube

Red tope tube Tourniquet

Sample require:

Blood

Body fluid like(cerebrospinal fluid)

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INSTRUMENT USED:

ELISA

radioimmunoassaysfluorescence immunoassays

chemiluminescence

immunoassays

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Interpretation result:

levels of CEA occur when the CEA is higher than 3 ng/mL, cause

by:

Chronic smokingcirrhosis

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Interpretation result:

Levels of CEA higher than 20 ng/mL are considered very high, its mean

After treatment, its mean the cancer not removed successfullythe cancer has metastasized

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False positive or negative due to:

There are also many benign (non-cancerous) and inflammatory conditions that can increase CEA

leading to false positive results, include:smoking

Pancreatitis

Lung infections

Liver disorders

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what is the alternative test?

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In Kurdistan (CEA) is

order for after your diagnosis to help your doctor find right treatment, during treatment to see how well chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or other therapies have worked, or the cancer come back after

treatment, and ordered by oncologist (medicine oncologists, pediatric oncologists, gynecologic oncologists).

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What is Alpha fetoprotein?

AFP

is a protein made in the liver of developing baby

AFP

has immunoregulatory properties

Healthy adults should have very low levels of AFP

Elevated during:

Pregnancy

Hepatitis

Chronic liver disease

Hepatomas

Teratomas

Ovarian and testicular cancer

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When will doctor order this test?

Screening for birth defect

Monitor progression of certain cancer

Monitor and check of treatment of cancer

Monitor liver disease

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Sample and specimen require for sample collection:

Blood

Amniotic fluid

Urine

Tourniquet

Plane tube

Gel tube

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Instrument used:

ARCHITECT

ELISA

Chemiluminescence

immunoassay analyzer

Radioimmunoassay analyzer(Gamma counter)

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Normal range:

For pregnant woman AFP levels between week 15 and 20 weeks ranges between 10ng/ml to 150ng/ml

AFP level for men and non-pregnant women range from 0ng/ml to 40ng/ml.

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Interpretation of the result:

Level below normal range:

Level above normal range:In pregnant woman indicator for:

For pregnant woman indicator for down syndrome of fetus.

For patient are under treatment means treatment work

Neural tube defect

Gastroschesis

Omphalocele

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For men and non-pregnant woman indicator for:

Testicular & ovarian cancer

Yolk sac

tumuor

Hepatitis

Hepatocellular cancer

Liver cirrhosis

Ataxia telangiectasia

germ cell tumor

Cancer spread or metastasized

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False positive or negative result due to:

Test performed 2 weeks after

radiodiagnosis

Gestational diabetes

Multiple gestation

smoking

Weight

Race.

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Alternative test are:

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In Kurdistan (AFP) are order for detect neural tube defect and liver disease and ordered by gynecologist and urologist.

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Shukur

W

Smail/Assistant lecturer_____________________________________________Clinical Tests – 3rd Stage /1st Semester

shukur.wasman@tiu.edu.iq

https://tiu.edu.iq/

2020 - 2021

TIU - Faculty of Science

Medical Analysis Department

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (Free+Tottal) test

Lecture

7 (part two)

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What is PSA (Free+Total)?What is PSA test use for?

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Blood (serum)

Preferred: Serum gel

Acceptable: Red topHow to do the PSA test?

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Instruments use for measurement:

Sangia Total Prostate Specific AntigenCobas e411

Cobas 6000 Eurolyser CUBEElecsys e411

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When are these tests ordered ?

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

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What are the normal ranges of PSA (Free+Total) test ?

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Do all the elevations of PSA level indicate the presence of prostate cancer ?

Number of benign (not cancerous )conditions can cause a man’s PSA level to rise :

Prostatitis (Inflamation of prostate)Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Enlargment of prostate)Urinary tract infection Recent sexual activityRecent long bike ride

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What are the false results of PSA test

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What are the alternative tests for PSA test ?

PCA3Serum kallikreins

Serum detectable prostate specific membrane antigenEPCA,EPCA-2Prostatic acid phosphate

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Thanks for your attention

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